Objective To systematically assess the interventional effects of aerobic combined resistance exercise on walking ability,cardiorespiratory endurance,dialysis adequacy and quality of life in the patients with hemodialysis(HD).Methods The published randomized controlled trials on the interventional effects of aerobic combined resistance exercise in HD patients were retrieved from the databases of PubMed,Cochrane Library,Embase,Ovid,Web of Science,CNKI,VIP,Wanfang and China Biomedical Literature Service System(SinoMed).The retrieval time was from the database establishment to May 28,2021;the included literatures were analyzed by using RevMan 5.4 software.Results A total of 24 studies with 1 086 research subjects were included.The results showed that compared with the control group(adopting the usual care or conducting no-resistance limb movement),the walking ability,cardiopulmonary endurance and the dimensions of partial quality of life in the HD patients of the intervention group(aerobic combined resistance exercise)were signifi-cantly improved.The dialysis adequacy during dialysis in the intervention group was significantly improved compared with that in the control group.Conclusion Aerobic combined resistance exercise could improve the physical function,quality of life and dialysis adequacy in HD patients,and it is recommended that the patients are encouraged to conduct the aerobic combined resistance exercise by combining with the specific situation.

Objective: To explore the clinical characteristics of drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) in children and to study the effectiveness of second-line anti-TB therapy for children and to examine the incidence of adverse drug reactions. Method: Retrospective research was conducted. The clinical records of children in West China Second Hospital diagnosed as drug-resistant TB from January 2010 to June 2014 were investigated.The clinical characteristics and risk factors were analyzed retrospectively. Treatment effect at discharge was examined as a short-term outcome indicator to evaluate the effectiveness of second-line anti-TB therapy and the incidence of adverse drug reactions. χ² test was used. Result: Forty-six patients were diagnosed as drug-resistant TB in 443 children infected with TB, with a 10.4% resistance rate. The 46 children included 26 male and 20 female patients, aged from one month and 28 days to 17 years and 5 months, with the average age (8.4±4.5) years, >7 to 14 years old patients as the biggest part(25 patients, 54.3%). Among the 46 children, 20 patients(43.5%)had close contact with TB patients, of whom 12 patients (60.0%) contacted with family members (including parents, brothers and sisters and grandparents living together) and 8 patients(40.0%) contacted with patients from outside family (such as relatives or neighbors). Moreover, 11 cases (23.9%) were under initial treatment and 35 cases (76.1%) were retreated.From 2010 to 2014, the number of cases of initial and retreated patients had no significant difference(0 and 1, 1 and 13, 4 and 7, 4 and 11, 2 and 3 cases, χ²=3.255, P=0.196). Among retreated patients, 31.4% (11/35) had irregular treatment before.Until discharge, the effective rate was 87.0% (40/46), while the incidence rate of adverse drug reaction was 10.9%(5/46). Conclusion The therapy for drug-resistant TB is effective and the incidence of adverse drug reaction is relatively low.

Objective:To summarize the characteristics of pharmacoepidemiologic research involving diabetes patients, which were published in recent years, in terms of study design and analysis, and develop an identification process for time-related biases in pharmacoepidemiologic research.Methods:PubMed, Embase, CNKI and Wanfang were used for a systematical literature retrieval of relevant study papers published between January 1,2012 and September 26, 2022. Literature screening and data extraction were performed independently by two reviewers. Based on the mechanisms of different time-related biases and the characteristics of included study papers in terms of study design and analysis methods, an identification process for all types of time-related biases was developed.Results:A total of 281 study papers were included, of which 58 (20.64%) specifically mentioned certain time-related biases considered in the study. Based on the scoping review results, key points to identify time-related biases were summarized, involving data source, study design, control selection, comparator drugs, matching the duration of diabetes, identification of the washout period, identification of the induction/latency period, identification of the initiation of follow-up, identification of time window, statistical analysis methods, sensitivity analysis, and other design and analytical elements, in the identification process for time-related biases in pharmacoepidemiologic research.Conclusions:Time-related biases are common in pharmacoepidemiologic research and might significantly impact the study results. Based on scoping review results, this study further developed an identification process for time-related biases in pharmacoepidemiologic research, which will help researchers identify and avoid time-related biases and improve the reliability of related evidence in pharmacoepidemiologic research.

Academic Dissertations as Topic ; Biomarkers, Tumor ; Epidemiologic Methods ; Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; epidemiology ; Prognosis

Objective To explore the clinical characteristics of drug-resistant tuberculosis ( TB) in children and to study the effectiveness of second-line anti-TB therapy for children and to examine the incidence of adverse drug reactions .Method Retrospective research was conducted .The clinical records of children in West China Second Hospital diagnosed as drug-resistant TB from January 2010 to June 2014 were investigated.The clinical characteristics and risk factors were analyzed retrospectively .Treatment effect at discharge was examined as a short-term outcome indicator to evaluate the effectiveness of second-line anti-TB therapy and the incidence of adverse drug reactions .χ2 test was used.Result Forty-six patients were diagnosed as drug-resistant TB in 443 children infected with TB, with a 10.4% resistance rate.The 46 children included 26 male and 20 female patients , aged from one month and 28 days to 17 years and 5 months,with the average age ( 8.4 ±4.5 ) years, >7 to 14 years old patients as the biggest part (25 patients, 54.3%).Among the 46 children, 20 patients(43.5%)had close contact with TB patients, of whom 12 patients (60.0%) contacted with family members (including parents, brothers and sisters and grandparents living together) and 8 patients(40.0%) contacted with patients from outside family (such as relatives or neighbors).Moreover, 11 cases (23.9%) were under initial treatment and 35 cases (76.1%) were retreated.From 2010 to 2014, the number of cases of initial and retreated patients had no significant difference(0 and 1, 1 and 13, 4 and 7, 4 and 11, 2 and 3 cases,χ2 =3.255,P=0.196).Among retreated patients, 31.4% (11/35) had irregular treatment before.Until discharge, the effective rate was 87.0%(40/46), while the incidence rate of adverse drug reaction was 10.9%(5/46).Conclusion The therapy for drug-resistant TB is effective and the incidence of adverse drug reaction is relatively low .

Based on systematic review of the role of clinical treatment, disease control and scientific research, and combining with the problems exposed by the COVID-19 epidemic, suggestions were proposed to reform and improve the prevention and treatment system for major epidemics diseases in China. In clinical treatment, it is necessary to enhance clinical staff's awareness of law-based reporting, capabilities of syndromic surveillance, the use of infectious diseases reporting systems, and to improve national or local monitoring platforms for emerging infectious diseases detection. In terms of disease control, it is important to provide authorities to disease control departments through laws and regulations, improve the quantity and quality of related human resources, and strengthen the applied research and technical readiness targeted infections disease prevention, control and emergency preparedness. As for scientific research in major epidemic response, it is essential to strengthen research projects guided by national requests, build research institutions that can 'make a final decision', establish national and regional key laboratories, and strengthen strategic technical reserve for emergency disease control and treatment.

As a severe clinical manifestation of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease， nonalcoholic steatohepatitis （NASH） is characterized by lipid deposition and inflammatory damage in the liver. At present， clinical medications for NASH are still in the exploratory phase， and it is urgent to make progress. Recent studies have shown that the pathogenesis of NASH is associated with circadian rhythm disorders in the liver， with the specific manifestation of dysregulated expression of liver clock genes such as BMAL1， which increases hepatic lipogenesis， reduces fatty acid oxidation， and activates pro-inflammatory factors. Therefore， improving circadian rhythm of the liver and regulating the expression of liver clock genes are feasible strategies for the prevention and treatment of NASH. Currently， some medications for NASH via activating the proteins encoded by clock genes have been applied in animal experiments， for example， the REVERB full-agonist SR9009 can inhibit the development of liver inflammation， which confirms the possibility of NASH treatment by targeting the proteins encoded by clock genes. This article summarizes the role of hepatic clock genes in regulating lipid metabolism and the development and progression of inflammation in the liver and elaborates on the recent advances in medications targeting clock genes and the proteins encoded by clock genes， in order to provide new targets for the treatment of NASH.