Elderly acute myeloid leukemia (AML) accounted for 35 % of all AML with the increased incidence year by year, and the median onset age is 67 years old. Generally, AML patients require strong chemotherapy, but older patients often cannot tolerate intense chemotherapy due to the viscera dysfunction. It is still lack of unified treatment clinically. Reports on treatment of elderly AML in the 57th American Society of Hematology (ASH) annual meeting covered multiple fields, in which the traditional induction chemotherapy, demethylation drug alone or in combination with other drugs, and novel drugs were an involved. This article reviewed the latest research on the elderly AML in the 57th ASH annual meeting.

Objective: To assess the association of JAG2 gene single nucleotide polymorphisms with the occurrence of nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (NSCLP) among northwest Chinese population. Methods: A case-control study was carried out on 301 NSCLP patients and 304 healthy controls. An iMLDR™ genotyping technique was used to detect three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) [rs741859 (T/C), rs11621316 (A/G) and rs1057744(C/T)] of the JAG2 gene. Allelic and genotypic frequencies and haplotypic distribution among the two groups were compared. Results: A significant difference was found in the frequency of C and T alleles for rs741859 between the two groups. The CT genotype of rs741859 could significantly reduce the risk for NSCLP to 65% (P < 0.05) and the risk for cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL/P) to 62% (P < 0.05). rs11621316 and rs1057744 are in the same linkage disequilibrium (LD) region with a high degree of linkage (r² > 0.8), whose distribution difference between the two groups was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). Conclusion The CT genotype of the JAG2 gene rs741859 may confer a protective effect for NSCLP among northwest Chinese population.

Background: Co-infections of the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) and the Haemophilus parasuis (HPS) are severe in Chinese pigs, but the immune response genes against co-infected with 2 pathogens in the lungs have not been reported. Objectives: To understand the effect of PRRSV and/or HPS infection on the genes expression associated with lung immune function. Methods: The expression of the immune-related genes was analyzed using RNA-sequencing and bioinformatics. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were detected and identified by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), immunohistochemistry (IHC) and western blotting assays. Results: All experimental pigs showed clinical symptoms and lung lesions. RNA-seq analysis showed that 922 DEGs in co-challenged pigs were more than in the HPS group (709 DEGs) and the PRRSV group (676 DEGs). Eleven DEGs validated by qRT-PCR were consistent with the RNA sequencing results. Eleven common Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways related to infection and immune were found in single-infected and co-challenged pigs, including autophagy, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, and antigen processing and presentation, involving different DEGs. A model of immune response to infection with PRRSV and HPS was predicted among the DEGs in the co-challenged pigs. Dual oxidase 1 (DUOX1) and interleukin-21 (IL21) were detected by IHC and western blot and showed significant differences between the co-challenged pigs and the controls. Conclusions These findings elucidated the transcriptome changes in the lungs after PRRSV and/or HPS infections, providing ideas for further study to inhibit ROS production and promote pulmonary fibrosis caused by co-challenging with PRRSV and HPS.

OBJECTIVETo correlate the clinical features of patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with mutations of FLT3-ITD, NPM1, CEBPA, c-KIT, DNMT3A and ND4 genes as well as chromosomal aberrations.

METHODSSomatic mutations of aforementioned genes in 412 newly diagnosed AML patients were detected with PCR and direct sequencing. All patients were also subjected to R-banding chromosomal analysis. The results were correlated with the clinical features and prognosis of the patients.

RESULTSThe mutation rates of FLT3-ITD, NPM1, CEBPA, c-KIT, DNMT3A and ND4 were 9.0% (26/289), 19.1% (50/262), 18.9% (34/180), 3.4% (7/208), 6.6% (9/137) and 6.9% (4/58), respectively. Patients with poor prognosis based on genetic mutations had lower blood platelet count than those with intermediate and good prognosis (P=0.001 and P=0.001, respectively). None of the three groups attained median overall survival (OS) (P> 0.05). The complete remission (CR) was similar among the three groups (P> 0.05). For patients with different prognosis based on cytogenetic findings, white blood cell count in those with intermediate prognosis was higher than those with good and poor prognosis (P< 0.001 and P=0.004, respectively), while the blood platelet count of the intermediate group was higher than that of the group with good prognosis (P=0.018). No significant difference was found among the three groups in terms of hemoglobin level (P> 0.05). The group with poor prognosis has attained shorter OS compared with those with good and intermediate prognosis (P< 0.001 and P=0.003, respectively). However, the CR rate of the group with good prognosis was higher than that of the intermediate group (P=0.001). For the group with intermediate prognosis, presence of genetic mutations did not correlate with the clinic characteristics such as white blood cell count, blood platelet count, hemoglobin level, OS and CR rate (P> 0.05 for all comparisons).

CONCLUSIONGenetic mutations combined with cytogenetic analysis can facilitate the prognosis and personalized treatment for patients with AML.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute ; genetics ; mortality ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mutation ; Prognosis ; Young Adult