Objective To investigate aspirin resistance (AR) and its related factors in patients with stage 3-4 chronic kidney disease(CKD).Methods The clinical data of 108 patients with stage 3-4CKD from nephrology department in Beijing Chaoyang Hospital were collected (CKD group) ; and 110 age and sex-matched subjects with normal renal function served as control group.Anthropometric parameters,blood biochemistry index,ultrasonography and thromboelastograph (TEG) were examined in both groups; and inhibition ratio of arachidonic acid ＞ 50％ on TEG was defined as AR.Results The incidence of cardio-cerebral vascular disease,the incidence of peripheral vascular disease,ratio of female,the intimamedia thickness (IMT) of carotid artery,the levels of high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP),homocysteine(Hcy),evaluated glomerular filtration rate(eGFR) and maximal thrombelastodegree (MA) on TEG in CKD group were significantly higher than those in control group (all P ＜ 0.05),while R value was significantly lower in CKD group.Pearson's correlation analysis revealed that the levels of MA,hsCRP,Hcy,IMT were positively correlated and R value was negatively correlated with eGFR in CKD group.The incidence of AR in CKD group (32.4％) was significantly higher than in control group (20.0％).According to TEG,the patients were divided into AR group (n =35) and aspirin sensitive (AS) group (n =73).The incidence of cardio-cerebral vascular disease,the incidence of peripheral vascular disease,ratio of female,IMT,ratio of diabetes,the levels of hsCRP,Hcy,fasting plasma glucose (FBG),eGFR and MA in AR group were significantly higher than those in AS group (all P ＜ 0.05),while R value was significantly lower in AR group.Binary logistic regressive analysis revealed that the ratio of diabete,FBG,eGFR,hsCRP were independent risk factors for AR in patients with stage 3-4 CKD.Conclusions CKD stage 3-4 is associated with increased ratio of platelet activation and atherosclerosis,and this condition is aggravated while eGFR declining.Incidence of AR is 32.4％ in this group of CKD patients,the independent risk factors of AR in CKD patients are the ratio of diabetes,FBG,eGFR and hsCRP.

BACKGROUND:Recent studies have proved the presence of adjacent vertebral fractures after percutaneous kyphoplasty, suggesting that cement leakage may be an important reason. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect of bone cement amount during percutaneous kyphoplasty on adjacent vertebral endplate using finite element analysis. METHODS: Three-dimensional finite element pathological model of Osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture was established using finite element analysis, and 10%, 20% and 30% volume of bone cement were filed, respectively. Then the adjacent vertebral endplate stress under the axial compression, anteflexion and rear protraction were analyzed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with that before operation, the adjacent vertebral endplate stress increased with the increase in filed bone cement volume, suggesting that the increased amount of bone cement wil lead to the increasing of adjacent vertebral re-fractures.

Objective: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the stability of native bovine ? casomorphin 7 in duodenum of adult rats, and the local effect on expression of cholecystokinin in intestinal mucosa. Method: (1) According to the variety of infused ? casomorphin 7 concentrations between absorptive and un-absorptive groups in vivo, its characteristic absorption in duodenum was observed. (2) To characterize the stability of the ? casomorphin 7, rat intestinal mucosa homogenate was digested and the enzyme activities were determined in vitro. (3) The effect on cholecystokinin mRNA expression of ? casomorphin 7 after luminal administration was analyzed by RT-PCR. Results:? casomorphin 7 was unable to be absorbed by intestinal epithelia and quickly degraded in the intestinal tract. It contributed to elevate cholecystokinin mRNA expression in intestinal mucosa and this effect was partly blocked by naloxone. This peptide also significantly inhibited the somatostatin mRNA expression. Conclusion: The present data demonstrated that the local effect on expression of cholecystokinin of ? casomorphin 7 might be related to opioid system and directly or indirectly affected by somatostatin.

This paper analyzes the factors that affect students' autonomous learning from the aspects of teaching interaction,the binding force of curriculum to students,the application of network and electronic products.On the basis of this,we put forward that taking the molecular biology course of biotechnology major and bio-pharmacy Major as a teaching reform template in our university,and based on the network teaching platform of molecular biology,adopt flipped classroom as the main form to improve students' autonomous learning ability,and promote their ability of lifelong learning,so that they can adapt to the development of pharmaceutical biotechnology industry.

Aim Toexaminethecombinedeffectsof 5-ALA and metformin on diabetes mellitus induced by streptozotocin( STZ) in mice, and to discuss the mech-anisminitially.Methods Thediabeticmiceinduced by intraperitoneal injection of STZ were treated with 5-ALA and/or metformin for 30 days. Physical signs, fasting blood glucose ( FBG ) , fasting plasma insulin ( FIns) , plasma leptin ( Lep) , glucose tolerance, and histological changes of liver and pancreas were as-sessed. Insulin resistance was evaluated by the homeo-stasismodelassessment(HOMA).Results There were more significant effects when 5-ALA combined with metformin than only using metformin on lowering FBG, FIns and Lep. And 5-ALA combined with met-formin could improve glucose tolerance and the insulin sensitivity. Microscopic analysis demonstrated that sig-nificant changes in pancreatic islet and characteristic feature of the vacuolization phenotype in liver was ob-served on diabetic mice, and use of 5-ALA could in-hibit shrinking pancreatic islet number and hepatic morphological changes, especially in combination with metformin.Conclusions Asynergisticeffectof5-ALA and metformin is observed. Combined therapy of 5-ALA and metformin can decrease FBG and improve glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity and islet ? cells function and morphology.

Objective:Molecular biology experimental technology has become an important basic tool for exploring biology and medicine and other related disciplines. We aim to explore an effective molecular biology experimental teaching model which will definitely improve students' molecular biology experimental skills and autonomous learning ability.Methods:Guided by the theory of constructivism, with the molecular biology experimental course as the carrier, and with the basic requirements of constructing the basic molecular biology experimental technology of the system, a teaching platform was established to guide students to preview the experiment independently; the physical experimental projects were integrated and optimized and the virtual simulation experimental projects were increased, with virtuality and reality, to improve students' molecular biology experimental skills and autonomous learning ability.Results:An online teaching platform has been established, which effectively guides and improves the effect of students' preview experiments, and cultivates the ability of autonomous learning. Besides, the experimental teaching mode combining optimization of physical experimental projects and virtual simulation experimental projects significantly improved students' molecular biology experimental operation skills and problem-solving ability.Conclusion:A constructivism-based teaching mode of combining virtual and real molecular biology has been established, which is an effective way to improve students' molecular biology experimental skills and autonomous learning ability.

Pan-vascular medicine is an emerging discipline focusing on atherosclerotic diseases,with the concept of multidisciplinary integration,emphasizing on exploring the mechanism of disease development from the whole of the organism's structure and function.At present,the basic mechanism system of pan-vascular diseases has yet to be perfected.The pan-vascular concept is highly compatible with the idea of Chinese medicine that focuses on the overall view.Deficiency of all qi is the root cause of pan-vascular diseases,while phlegm,blood stasis,and water-dampness and other tangible evils stagnate in the veins and channels as the symptoms of the disease,therefore,the disease mechanism can be highly summarized as"stagnation due to qi deficiency".Deficiency leads to the stagnation,blocking the veins and channels,and the deficiency worsens due to the stagnation and then damages the veins and channels,thus,it develops into a disease.Based on the theory of"stagnation due to qi deficiency",this paper takes endothelial cell dysfunction as the entry point of pan-vascular diseases,and considers that low endothelial cell immunity is the initiating factor of pan-vascular diseases,and that the widespread persistence of microinflammatory state is the key pathology to pan-vascular diseases.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the chemical constituents of Ilex cornuta.

METHODThe chemical constituents were isolated by column chromatographic methods. And the structures were identified by spectral data.

RESULTSeven compounds were isolated and identified as follows: 2alpha-hydroxy ursolic acid (1), arjunolic acid (2), 23-hydroxy ursolic acid (3), 27-0-p-(Z) -coumaroyl ursolic acid (4), 27-O-p-(E)-coumaroyl ursolic acid (5), asiatic acid (6).

CONCLUSIONCompound 1, 2 were obtained from this genus for the first time and 3-6 from this plant for the first time.

The molecular biology experiment course plays a bridge role in the biotechnology curriculum system, and has important effect in training students' experimental operation skills, analyzing difficulties and solving problems. This article takes the biotechnology major of local medical colleges as an example to analyze and elaborate the assessment method reform and effect in the teaching process of molecular biology experimental course, aiming at promoting the teaching level of molecular biology experimental courses and improving the training quality of biotechnology professionals.

Objective To analyze the sleep status of infants and young children aged 0～35 months,in order to understand the common sleep problems and possible influencing factors of infants and young children.Methods Healthy infants aged 0～35 months who underwent physical examination in the outpatient Department of Child Health Care,Kunming Children's Hospital from June 2022 to May 2023 were selected as the study subjects.The brief infant sleep questionnaire(BISQ)was completed by their parents.Single factor analysis and Logistic regression analysis were used to analyze the sleep status of infants and young children and the factors affecting sleep problems.Results The primary sleeping mode for infants and young children is sleeping with parents(85.6%).The average daytime sleep duration is(3.51±1.75)hours,nighttime sleep is(8.84±1.41)hours,and total daily sleep is(12.37±2.07)hours.Daytime and total sleep duration decrease gradually with increasing age in each age group(P<0.05).27.7%of infants and young children may experience insufficient sleep duration;the prevalence of sleep problems is 79%,with the highest rate of difficulty falling asleep at 75.3%,followed by night waking(72.2%)and sleep rhythm disturbances(19.7%);278 cases(92.7%)involve involuntary falling asleep.Univariate analysis shows that age and sleep initiation method are related to the occurrence of sleep problems in infants and young children(P<0.05).Logistic regression analysis suggests that young age and involuntary falling asleep are risk factors for the occurrence of sleep problems.Conclusion The incidence of sleep problems in infants and young children is high,which is related to the young age and involuntary sleep onset.It is recommended to train infants and young children to fall asleep autonomously as early as possible,and strengthen the education of sleep habits in infants and young children to reduce the incidence of sleep problems in infants and young children.