ObjectiveTo observe the effe ct of varnish“Fangyouling” preventing skin invasion from Schist osoma cercariae. MethodsThe“Fangyouling” was made from niclo s amide and permeable improver, and the concentration of the drug was 1%-2%. Exper imenta l mice and rabbits were spread with “Fangyouling” on the abdomen skin without h air at day 1,2,3,4,5,6,7 respectively before infection, compaired with cont rol group. ResultsThe worm reduction rates of mice which were spread with drug 1-4 days and 5-7 days before infection were 100 % and 99 7%-88 1%. The worm reduction rates of rabbits which were spread with dr ug 3-7 days before infection were 86 4%-80 1%. ConclusionThe“Fangyouling” has long efficiency on preventing Schistosoma cercariae from invading skin.

Objective To study the effect o f levamisole against the invasion of Schistosoma japonicum cercariae. Methods Mice infected wit h Schistosoma cercariae were administered orally with levamisole hydrochloride or alkali levamisole two days before the infectio n at a dose of 26.25 mg/kg for 7 days. The liniments of levamisole hydrochlorid e and alkali levamisole were embrocated on the mouse skin two days, one day and 0 day before the infection respectively, and the concentrations of the drug were 1%, 2%, 3%, 5% and 7% respectively. The experimental animals were dissected 4 we eks after the treatment and adult worms were collected. Results The worm reduction rates of mice administered orally with leva misole hydrochloride or alkali levamisole were both 0. The worm reduction rates were both 100% when the mice were embrocated with 5% levamisole hydrochloride on the infection day or with 7% levamisole hydrochloride one day before the infect ion. The worm reduction rates were all 100% when the mice were embrocated with 2 %, 3% or 5% alkali levamisole one day before the infection. Conc lusions Levamisole liniments can prevent from S . japonicum cercaria infection, and alkali levamisole is better th an levamisole hydrochloride. When levamisole is given orally, no effect was show n.

Objective To observe the impact of coal-burning-borne fluorosis on the opening day of vagina,and estrogen cycle and endocrinology of female rat.Methods Ninety weaned two weeks and healthy female SD rats,weighing 60-80 g were selected,and divided into three groups by body weight using random number table:control group,moderate fluoride exposed group,and higher fluoride exposed group,thirty rates in each group.Rats in fluoride exposed groups were fed with baked corn collected from coal-burning-borne fluorosis areas containing different levels of fluorine(fluorine contents were 47.8 and 96.0 mg/kg,respectively) to establish coal-burning-borne fluorosis models.The corn fed to control group rats were collected from non-endemic areas (fluoride content was 5.2 mg/kg).After exposed to fluoride for 60,120 and 180 days,the rats were put to death during estrus in three batches (10 rats in every batche).The situation of female vaginal opening was observed and recorded every morning at 8:00 at the beginning of the experiment.Ten female rats in each group were randomly selected to observe vaginal exfoliated cells for 10 days continuously every morning,and HE staining was selected to discriminate estrogen cycle.Femoral artery blood was collected to observe the impact of estradiol(E2) in estrus.Results The vaginal opening day age of the longer fluoride exposed group [(49.0 ± 4.5)d] was longer than that of the control group[(45.4 ± 2.3)d] and the moderate fluoride exposed group[(46.7 ± 1.9)d,all P ＜ 0.05].Estrogen cycle of the longer fluoride exposed group[(5.8 ± 0.8)d] after fluoride exposure for 120 d was higher than that of the control group [(4.4 + 0.9)d] and the moderate fluoride exposed group [(4.9 ± 0.7)d,all P ＜ 0.05].Estrogen cycle increased with increasing dosage of fluoride after fluoride exposure for 180 d in three groups [control group:(4.3 ± 0.7)d,moderate fluoride exposed group:(5.4 ± 1.1)d,higher fluoride exposed group:(6.7 + 0.9)d,all P ＜ 0.05].Estrogen cycle in higher fluoride exposed group at 180 d[(6.7 ± 0.9)d] was higher than that of 60 d and 120 d[(5.2 ± 1.1),(5.8 ± 0.8)d,all P ＜ 0.05].At 60 d after exposed to fluoride,E2 levels of fluoride exposed groups were increased[control group:(30.125 ± 94.17)ng/L,moderate fluoride exposed group:(438.75 ± 71.80) ng/L],higher fluoride exposed group (456.25 ± 57.80)ng/L with increasing dosage of fluoride (all P ＜ 0.05).E2 level in rats exposed to fluoride for 180 d [(275.00 ± 127.83)ng/L] was lower than that of 60 d and 120 d [(456.25 ± 57.80),(392.50 ± 102.50)ng/L,all P ＜ 0.05] in higher fluoride exposed groups.Conclusions Coal-burning-borne fluorosis has a significant effect on vaginal opening day age,estrogen cycle and endocrinology of female rats.The higher the fluoride dose,and the longer the exposure time,the more severe the impact.

Objective To investigate the effect of cell proliferation and apoptosis induced by Pingyangmycin (PYM)and dexamethasone (DEX) on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC)in vitro, so as to provide therotical evidence for treatment of aneurysm with PYMand DEX. Methods Control, PYM, DEX and PYM group were established after HUVEC were cultured for 24 hours. Cell morphology was observed by inverted microscope.The effect of cell proliferation and apoptosis were detected with CCK-8reagents and flow Cytometry. The apoptotic protein expression of caspase-3 was testedthrough Western blot. Results Descend of adherent cell density and the ascend of floating cells could be observed after treated with PYM and DEX for 24 hours. HUVEC could be inhibited effectively with concentration-dependent on PYM and DEX. The significant statistical difference of cell apoptosis rate between the group used for PYM alone and the group combined low-concentration PYM with DEX through Flow Cytometrywas found. There was significant statistical difference of apoptotic protein expression of caspase-3 through Western blot compared with the group used for PYM alone and the group combined low-concentration PYM with DEX. Conclusion PYM and DEXcould inhibitthe proliferation of HUVEC alone. The better effects could be observed combination low-concentration PYM with DEX , the mechanism of which might beapoptosis with low-concentration PYM and necrosis with high-concentration PYM.

Objective To explore the effects of gait training with an alternative gait orthosis (AGO) on the neurogenic bladders of patients with spinal cord injury (SCI). Method Twelve patients with complete SCI at the thoracic and lumbar level were trained for 8 weeks on motor and bladder function. After that, specific gait training with an AGO was given for another 8 weeks. American Spinal Injury Association ( ASIA ) sensation and motor function assessments were done before and after the gait training with the AGO, and bladder capacity, residual urine and urine flow rates were also assessed. Results Compared with pre-treatment there was no significant difference in average ASIA senzsation and motor scores after training, but the maximum rate of urine flow, average urine volume and single urination had significantly increased and residual urine volume had significantly decreased. Conclusions Therapeutic gait training with an AGO can improve bladder function after SCI.

The protocorm-suspension-system of Cremastra appendiculata was founded by liquid-suspension culture. The factors to effect germination rate and seedling conversion rate of C. appendiculata synthetic seeds, such as synthetic coating materials, synthetic endosperm components, storing conditions and germination materials, etc. were studied. The result showed that the germination rate and seedling conversion rate of synthetic seeds were the highest on the MS solid-medium while using 4% sodium alginate + 2% CaCl2 + 2% chitosan as synthetic coating materials, with 1/2 MS liquid-medium + 0.2 mg x L(-1) NAA + 0.1 mg x L(-1) GA3 + 0.5 mg L(-1) BA + 0.4 mg x L(-1) penicillin + 10.0 mg x L(-1) endophyte extract +0.3% carbendazim powder + 0.2% sodium benzoate + 1.0% sucrose as synthetic endosperm. And the germination rate and seedling conversion rate of synthetic seeds could attain to 68% and 65% after 20 days storing at 4 degrees C. The germination rate and seedling conversion rate of synthetic seeds decreased to a great extent with increasing the storing temperature and prolonging storing time.
Culture Media ; metabolism ; Germination ; Orchidaceae ; growth & development ; metabolism ; Seeds ; growth & development ; metabolism ; Tissue Culture Techniques ; methods

Objective To investigate the clinicopathologic features of Chinese patients with early gastric cancer (EGC) according to the World Health Organization(WHO) diagnostic criteria,and to explore the risk factors of lymph node metastasis (LNM) in EGC.Methods From 2002 to 2017,at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University,and from 2014 to 2017,at the People's Hospital of Qidong City,the People's Hospital of Haimen City and the People's Hospital of Rugao City,315 EGC patients with complete clinicopathological data were enrolled.The clinicopathologic features were analyzed including gender,age,tumor location,tumor size,macroscopic type,histological type (WHO),differentiation degree,depth of tumor invasion,Lauren subtype,infiltration pattern,ulceration,lymphoid follicles,lymphovascular invasion and perineural invasion.Chi-square test and Fisher's exact test were performed for univariate analysis and the logistic regression was used for multivariate analysis.Results The ratio of EGC was 10.0％ (315/3 140) of patients with gastric cancer and received surgery during the same period.Among the 315 EGC,the ratio of well-differentiated tubular adenocarcinoma was 11.7％ (37/315),which was lower than 24.8％(2 752/11 104) in Japan and 19.9％(41/206) in South Korea,and the differences were statistically significant (x2 =28.208,P＜0.01;x2 =6.51 0,P =0.011),however there was no statistically significant difference when compared with Western countries (11.9 ％,8/67;x2 =0.002,P=0.964).Among the 276 patients who underwent radical gastrectomy,49 (17.8 ％) patients had with LNM.The results of univariate analysis showed that tumor size,macroscopic type,differentiation degree,depth of invasion,infiltration pattern,ulceration and lymphovascular invasion were related with LNM(x2=9.327,6.038,6.381,34.983,19.309,52.297 and 5.058;all P＜0.05).The results of multivariate analysis revealed that lymphovascular invasion and ulceration were the independent risk factors of LNM (odd ratio (OR)=7.028 and 2.566,both P＜0.05).Conclusions There is obvious difference in pathological diagnostic standard of well-differentiated tubular adenocarcinoma between China,Japan and South Korea,which may influence the therapeutic strategy of EGC.Lymphovascular invasion and ulceration are independent risk factors of LNM in EGC.

Objective:To investigate the effect of polyethylene glycol combined with simethicone on boston bowel preparation scale(BBPS) score and tolerance in patients with colonoscopy.Methods:From January 2018 to January 2019, 220 patients who underwent colonoscopy in Beijing Shijitan Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University were selected as the research objects.According to different bowel preparation schemes, they were divided into control group and observation group, 110 cases in each group.In the control group, 4 bags of compound polyethylene glycol electrolyte powder were added with cold boiled water to prepare 4 L solution for intestinal preparation.Starting 6 hours before endoscopy, 1 L solution was taken every hour, and the interval from the last time to the beginning of colonoscopy was≤4 h. On the basis of the control group, the observation group was given 30 mL simethicone emulsion 4 hours before endoscopy on the basis of the control group.The BBPS score, intracavitary liquid volume score, total score, tolerance and adverse reactions were compared between the two groups.Results:The whole colon score (7.16±0.61), left colon score (2.89±0.62), transverse colon score (2.78±0.64) and right colon score (1.58±0.49), intestinal cavity fluid score (1.47±0.48) and total score (8.84±0.87) of the observation group were higher than those of the control group ((5.13±0.76), (2.23±0.86), (2.15±0.76), (1.14±0.16), (0.91±0.55), (7.11±1.04)), and the differences were statistically significant ( t=21.854, 6.532, 6.652, 8.957, 8.054, 13.380, all P<0.05). The tolerance of the observation group (90.00%(99/110)) was higher than that of the control group (81.81%(90/110)), but the difference was not statistically significant( χ 2=3.043, P=0.081). The incidence of abdominal distension in the observation group (1.82%(2/110)) was lower than that in the control group (8.18%(9/110)), the difference was statistically significant(χ 2=4.690, P<0.05), and there was no significant difference in the incidence of electrolyte disorder, nausea and vomiting, hypoglycemia or hunger, palpitation and chest tightness between the two groups (all P>0.05). Conclusion:The application of polyethylene glycol combined with Spanish silicone oil in intestinal preparation can improve the intestinal cleanliness of patients, but does not increase the tolerance of patients compared with polyethylene glycol alone, but significantly reduces the incidence of abdominal distension.

Objective:Based on the business reengineering theory, to construct the emergency nursing process of acute massive hemoptysis in hospital and explore the effect of it.Methods:According to the order of hospitalization, 200 patients with acute massive hemoptysis admitted to the emergency department in Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital Affilated to Tongji University from January to June in 2020 were selected as the control group, and the original treatment process was adopted. Two hundred patients admitted to the emergency department of this hospital from July to December in 2020 were selected as the experimental group, and the reconstructed in-hospital emergency nursing process for acute massive hemoptysis was applied. In both groups, the researchers recorded the time spent in each sub-process by using the in-hospital treatment time record of acute massive hemoptysis and collected the clinical outcomes of patients through electronic cases. The time-consuming, treatment efficiency and patient outcome of each link of the treatment process in the backyard of the two groups were compared.Results:Finally, 192 patients were enrolled in the control group and the experimental group. The median time from admission to intravenous use of hemostatic drugs and from admission to endovascular treatment in the experimental group were 21.50(20.00, 22.50) and 82.50(79.50, 84.50) min, which were lower than those in the control group which spent 40.87(37.06, 44.43) and 135.50(123.50, 147.00) min, and the differences between the two groups were statistically significant ( Z=-16.84, 16.63, both P<0.01). The incidence of asphyxia caused by acute massive hemoptysis in the experimental group was 4.2%(8/192), which was lower than that in the control group, which was 13.0%(25/192) . There was a statistically significant difference in the incidence of asphyxia between the two groups( χ2=9.58, P<0.01). Conclusions:The emergency nursing process of acute massive hemoptysis effectively shortens the time of in-hospital treatment of acute massive hemoptysis, further promotes the seamless connection of multiple links of in-hospital treatment of acute massive hemoptysis, and improves the overall efficiency of in-hospital treatment of patients with acute massive hemoptysis.

OBJECTIVE To study the effects of the active component 17-hydroxy-jolkinolide B （HJB） of Euphorbia fischeriana on the proliferation and apoptosis of human triple-negative breast cancers （TNBC） MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468 cells. METHODS MTT assay was adopted to detect the inhibitory rate of MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468 cells proliferation after treated with 0 （blank control），5，10，20，40，80 μmol/L HJB for 24， 48 and 72 h. Laser confocal microscope and flow cytometry were adopted to detect the apoptosis， mitochondrial membrane potential（MMP） and reactive oxygen species （ROS） of above 2 kinds of cells after treated with 0 （blank control）， 10，20，40 μmol/L HJB for 24 h. Western blot assay was used to detect the expressions of B cell lymphoma-2（ Bcl-2）， Bcl-2-associated X protein （Bax）， cytochrome-C （Cyt-C）， caspase-3， cleaved caspase- 3， caspase-9 and cleaved caspase-9. RESULTS Compared with blank control group， 5，10，20，40，80 μmol/L HJB could significantly increase the inhibitory rate of MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468 cells proliferation （P＜0.05）， in dose- and time- dependent trend. After 24 h treatment of HJB （10，20，40 μmol/L）， the apoptosis of above 2 kinds of cells increased， and the total apoptotic rate increased significantly （P＜0.05）； the mitochondrial membrane potential decreased significantly （P＜0.05）； the level of ROS increased significantly （P＜0.05）； the protein expressions of Bcl-2， caspase-3 and caspase-9 were decreased significantly （P＜ 0.05）， while the protein expressions of Cyt-C， Bax， cleaved caspase-3 and cleaved caspase-9 were increased significantly （P＜0.05）. CONCLUSIONS HJB can inhibit the proliferation of MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468 cells， and induce their apoptosis.