Objective To understand the effect of transforming growth factor-?_(2)(TGF-?_(2)) on the expression and activity of matrix metalloproteinase-2(MMP_(2)) in cultured bovine trabecular cells and to investigate the role of TGF-?_(2) in the pathogenesis of primary open angle glaucoma(POAG). Methods TM cells were incubated in DMEM containing 1.0?g/L TGF-?_(2) or 1.0?g/L TGF-?_(2) with 100mg/L murine monocolonal anti-human PAI-1 IgG or DMEM without any experimental reagent for 24, 36, 48h, respectively. The expression of MMP_(2) or plasminogen activator inhibitor-1(PAI-1) were assayed by Western blot. Results TGF-?_(2 )could enhance the expression of pre-form MMP_(2) and PAI-1. PAI-1 neutralizing antibody could promote transformation of the pre-form MMP_(2) to it's active form. Conclusion TGF-?_(2) can cause the accumulation of ECM in trabecular meshwork by inhibiting the activation process of pre-form MMP_(2), and thus cause the increase of aqueous humor outflow resistance, which contributes to the pathogenesis of POAG.

Objective To investigate the epidemic characteristics of prostate cancer in China. Methods The population-based cancer registration data between year 1988 and 2002 were collected from 30 cancer registries in China. The data from 11 registries with continuous record were analyzed using the software Joinpoint Regression Program 3.3.1, and the incidence of bladder cancer among 3 different periods (1988-1992, 1993-1997 and 1998-2002) were compared. Results The inci-dence of prostate cancer was 1.96, 3.09, 4. 36 per 100 000 during 1998-1992, 1993-1997 and 1998-2002, respectively. The up-trend of prostate cancer incidence was statistically significant, how-ever it is still lower in China compared with other parts of the world from 1993 to 1997. Conclusions The incidence of prostate cancer in China showed a significant upward trend year by year, and prostate cancer might be one of major cancer in China. We should pay attention to it.

Objective To investigate the epidemic characteristics of bladder cancer in China.Methods The population-based cancer registration data from 1988 to 2002 were collected from 30 cancer registries in China.The data from 11 registries with continuous record were analyzed using the software Joinpoint Regression Program 3.3.1,and the incidence of bladder cancer among 3 different periods(1988-1992,1993-1997 and 1998-2002)were compared. Results The incidence of bladder cancer was 8.22,9.45 and 9.68 per 100,000 during 1988-1992,1993-1997 and 1998-2002,respectively.The up-trend of bladder cancer incidence was statistically significant,however it was still lower in China compared with other parts of the world from 1993 to 1997. Conclusions Bladder cancer is the most common cancer in malignant neoplasm of male genitalurinary system in China.The incidence of bladder cancer in China showed an upward trend in the past 15 years and more attention is needed.

Objective To investigate the epidemic characteristics of malignant neoplasm of kidney and other urological malignancies in China. Methods The population-based cancer registration data between 1988 and 2002 were collected from 30 cancer registries in China.The data from 11 registries with continuous record were analyzed using the software Joinpoint Regression Program 3.3.1.The incidences of kidney cancer among 3 different periods(1988-1992,1993-1997 and 1998-2002)were compared. Results The incidence of renal cancer and other urological malignancies was 4.26 ,5.40,6.63 per 100 000 population during 1988-1992,1993-1997 and 1998-2002,respectively.The up-trend of kidney cancer incidence was statistically significant;however it was still lower in China than other parts of the world from 1993 to 1997. Conclusion The incidence of kidney cancer in China showed an upward trend in the past 15 years and more attention is needed.

Objective To investigate the value of prenatal ultrasound in prognosis assessment of congenital diaphragmatic hernia.Methods The ultrasonographic features of 65 fetuses with congenital diaphragmatic hernia were analyzed,which were confirmed by after birth surgery or examination.The lung-to-head ratio (LHR) of unaffected side and O/E LHR (LHR compared to normal fetuses on same gestational weeks) were obtained,and then the relationship with the prognosis of neonates were analyzed.Results In 65 cases,45 fetuses survived and 8 fetuses died after surgery,while 12 cases did not undergo surgery and death promptly.Overall mortality was 30.77％ (20/65).In 12 hepatic intrathoracic type of diaphragmatic hernia cases,the mortality rate was 66.67 ％ (8/12).In 53 hepatic intra-abdominal type of diaphragmatic hernia cases,the mortality rate was 22.64 ％ (12/53).In 9 cases combined with other structural abnormalities,there were 8 cases were dead and 6 cases (6/8) with abnormal chest structure.LHR values were from 0.40 to 2.72,the average value was 1.59±0.69.It showed statistical difference on the mortality rate in fetus of congenital diaphragmatic hernia with different LHR (x2 =19.360,P＜0.001),The mortality rate in fetal of congenital diaphragmatic hernia with LHR 1.0 or less was higher than that with LHR ＞1.0.O/E LHR measurement values were from 23％ to 90％ and the average value was (58.25±17.61) ％.It showed statistical difference on the mortality rate in fetus of congenital diaphragmatic hernia with different O/E LHR (x2 15.261,P=0.002).The mortality rate in fetal of congenital diaphragmatic hernia with O/E LHR ≤45 ％ was higher than that with O/E LHR＞45 ％.Conclusion The prenatal ultrasound can be used to diagnose congenital diaphragmatic hernia,and to assess the development of unaffected lung and prognosis.

Objective:To evaluate the effect of presurgical nasal mode(PNM)combined with nasal diorthosis in the treatment of na-sal deformity and incomplete unilateral cleft lip(IUCL)in infants.Methods:35 infants with IUCL were treated by PNM followed by nasal diorthosis and cheiloplasty.The nasal asymmetry was analysed by measurments of nostrils height,nostrils width and nasal colu-mella angle skewness on the photographs at the initial visit(T0),pre-operation(T1),1 week after operation(T2),1 month after opera-tion(T3)and a year after operation(T4).The other 35 infants with IUCL without PNM treatment were served as the controls.Re-sults:Compared with the controls,the symmetry of nostrils height,nostrils width,nasal columella angle skewness in PNM treated children were significantly improved at T0-T1 and T1-T2(P ＜0.05).there was no significant difference at T2-T3 and T3-T4(P >0. 05).Conclusion:Nasal asymmetry can be improved by presurgical nasal mode treatment followed by preliminary nasal deformity di-orthosis and cheiloplasty.

Objective:To study the correlation between early postsurgery phonetic acquisition of speech stop and speech outcomes of young children.Methods:28 children with cleft palate were included in the study.An one-stage palatal repair procedure was per-formed by one surgeon for the children before the age of 1 8 months.Naming tests were used in the speech therapy room when the chil-dren were aged 23 months and 30 months.Stop consonant inventory number,percent correct consonants(PCC),percent correct man-ners(PCM)and percent correct places(PCP)were analyzed.Results:Number of stop consonant was significantly correlated with PCC,PCM and PCP at 24 and 30 months of age in the children.Coefficient of determination between stop consonant number and PCC was 0.535.Conclusion:Speech stop may be used as the “sensitive sound”for the analysis of speech development of the chinese children aged 2-3 years after cleft palate repair and as the individuation guideline to determine the best assessment and therapy time.

Objective: Velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI) is a common postoperative sequela secondary tocleft palate. It could significantly impairpatients′living quality. Treatment of VPI includes surgery and speech therapy, but the reported success rates are inconsistent. A consensus in the literatures is needed, to guide procedure selection for patients with VPI. Methods: This is a retrospective study on management options for patients with VPI.This study systematically introduces the assessment, management plan and treatment effect of VPI, in the Craniofacial center of Hospital Stomatology of Xi′an Jiaotong University.The challenges of VPI diagnosis and treatment with cleft palate are discussed in-depth. Results: Most patients with VPI underwent evaluation and treatment (surgical or/and speech therapy) had speech improvement. The average value of hypernasality decreased from 3.67 before interventions to 1.57 after interventions.A multidisciplinary team using multi-modal to evaluate velopharyngeal function and speech. All patients had no bleeding, would dehiscence or fistula postoperatively. The difficulty of stimulability test was significantly reduced. Fourteen patients completed speech therapy, with the averaged treatments period of 3 months. Conclusions Speech pathologist is the manager of speech rehabilitation of cleft palate patients with VPI. The operation skill plays a key role in the treatment of VPI. Detailed diagnostic information is important for performing excellent surgical techniques. The cooperation of surgeon and speech pathologist, could be helpful to achieve the final speech rehabilitation.

Objective:To explore the amplitude of normal kidney motion in the 3D direction and its influencing factors under free-breathing condition.Methods:Clinical data of 28 patients with a KPS score≥80 who received 4D CT scan from March 2018 to March 2019 were collected. All patients were diagnosed with liver, pancreatic or lung tumors. The kidney was outlined and the geometric center and 3D coordinate values were recorded. The motion of bilateral kidneys in each direction and the 3D direction was calculated. The volume of kidney and surrounding organs, age, sex, height and body mass index (BMI) were recorded. Clinical data were statistically compared by t-test or nonparametric test. Results:The motion of the left and right kidneys in the the sup-inf (SI) direction were the largest up to (8.39±3.18) mm and (7.71±3.55) mm. The motion amplitudes of bilateral kidneys in male patients were significantly larger than those of the female counterparts in the left-right (LR), SI and 3D directions (all P<0.05). The motion amplitudes of bilateral kidneys in patients taller than 165 cm were significantly larger than those of their counterparts with a height of ≤165 cm (all P<0.05). Patients with a BMI≥25 kg/m 2 had significantly larger motion amplitudes of the left kidney in the LR and ant-post (AP) directions compared with those of normal weight counterparts (all P<0.05). The motion amplitude of the left kidney in the AP direction in patients with the left kidney volume of >180 cm 3 was significantly larger than that of patients with smaller left kidney volume ( P=0.014). Age was not significantly associated with kidney motion in each direction ( P>0.05). Conclusions:Kidney motion mainly occurs in the SI direction. The kidney motion amplitudes in male and taller patients are larger. Special attention should be paid to the use of breath motion control device to decrease the normal tissue damage.

Objective:To analyze the correlation between indocyanine green retention rate at 15 minutes (ICG-R15) and modified Scheuer score in liver tissues of patients with hepatitis B e antigen-positive/negative chronic hepatitis B (CHB), and further explore the indocyanine green clearance test (ICGCT) applied value in judging the progress of CHB-related liver disease.Methods:407 HBeAg (+) / HBeAg (-) CHB inpatients with normal or slightly elevated serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) [< 2 times the upper limit of normal (ULN)] and modified Scheuer score were collected, and divided into mild liver disease group (M group, 131 cases, modified Scheuer score < G2S2) and progressive liver disease group (A group, 276 cases, modified Scheuer score≥G2 and / or S2). Furthermore, the groups were sub-divided into HBeAg (+) - M group, HBeAg (-) - M group, HBeAg (+) - A group and HBeAg (-) - A group. The correlation between ICG-R15 and modified Scheuer score was analyzed retrospectively. The data were analyzed by SPSS 24.0 software.Results:Basic clinical characteristics: Among the 407 CHB cases with normal or mildly elevated serum ALT, 171 were HBeAg(+) CHB and 236 were HBeAg(-) CHB. The baseline mean serum HBV DNA was higher in HBeAg(+) CHB patients [(6.06 ± 1.95) log10IU/ml] than HBeAg(-) CHB patients [(3.60±1.37)log10IU/ml ( P = 0.000)]. Included patients ICG-R15 detection characteristics: (1) The baseline mean value of ICG-R15 was not statistically significant between the two groups of HBeAg(+) CHB and HBeAg(-) CHB, and was basically within the normal range (< 10%); (2) Comparison of ICG-R15 baseline mean value among the subgroups showed that the patients in the HBeAg(+)-A group/HBeAg(-)-A group were higher than the HBeAg(+)-M group/HBeAg(-)-M group patients, and the difference was statistically significant ( P = 0.013/ P = 0.000). Included patients’ correlation analysis between ICG-R15 and modified Scheuer score: (1) ICG-R15 and modified Scheuer score had shown weak positive correlation with inflammatory activity grade (g) in HBeAg (+) / HBeAg (-) CHB ( r = 0.237, P = 0.002); r = 0.244, P = 0.000); (2) There was a weak positive correlation between ICG-R15 and fibrosis stage (s) in HBeAg (+) / HBeAg (-) CHB ( r = 0. 254, P = 0; r = 0.225, P = 0.001). Included patients ICG-R15 predictive value for the severity of liver histological progression: when the cut-off value of ICG-R15 was 5.1%, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve from M group to A group was 0.601 ( P = 0.001) for predicting HBeAg (+) / HBeAg (-) CHB patients. Conclusion:ICG-R15 is positively correlated with the modified Scheuer score of liver tissue in HBeAg (+)/HBeAg (-) CHB patients with normal or slightly elevated ALT. In addition, when the cut-off value of ICG-R15 was 10%, it could not accurately reflect the effective hepatocyte reserve function of HBeAg (+) / HBeAg (-) CHB patients with normal or slightly elevated ALT. Importantly, when the cut-off value of ICG-R15 is 4.0% ~ 5.0%, it may have predictive value for liver disease progression to modified Scheuer score ≥ G2 and / or ≥S2 in HBeAg (+) / HBeAg (-) CHB patients with normal or slightly elevated ALT.