AIM: To explore the effects of carbonizing temperature and time on HPLC fingerprints of Flos Sophorae for improving the processing technics of Flos Sophorae carbonized.METHODS: Samples were prepared by an oven for different time and at different temperatures,separately.Then the fingerprints of the samples were determined by HPLC,separately.According to the fingerprints of the crude drug,the differences between the fingerprints of the samples were compared. RESULTS: Heated for 30 min,there was no significant change of the fingerprints of the samples which were heated at 120(?C)-150(?C);there was a little change in the fingerprints when the samples were heated at 170(?C),but the significant change was observed when they were heated at 180(?C)-190(?C).The fingerprints showed the chemical constitutents were almost destroyed over 200(?C).Over 160(?C),the effects on the samples which were heated for 60 min were more obviously than on those which were heated for 30 min. CONCLUSION: According to the change of the fingerprints and in view of the efficient usage of the energy,Flos Sophorae carbonizing should be heated at 185(?C)?2 (?C) and for 30 min.

On the basis of studying processing method and quality control standard of Realgar,we did researches on the differences of toxicity and efficacy between new processing method(Washed by Acid)and traditional processing method(Grinding Without Water).The result showed that the efficacy was improved and the toxicity reaction Was lowered after Realgar being processed by new method.

OBJECTIVETo study and establish the optimal technology for the preparation of evodiae juice.

METHODThe contents of evodiamine, rutaecarpine and evodin were simultaneously determined with HPLC, and each yield of the three compounds were chosen as the evaluating indicator. The orthogonal test coupled with the weighted coefficient method were adopted to acquire the optimal technology for the preparation of evodiae juice.

RESULTThe study showed that the optimal technology for the preparation of evodiae juice was as follows: decocted three times while the first time was with 12-fold of water socked 30 minutes and decocted 45 minutes, the second time was with 8-fold of water decocted 20 minutes and the third time was with 6-fold of water decocted 20 minutes.

CONCLUSIONThis method is simple and accurate. The optimal technology is suitable for industry manufacture of evodiae juice.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the chemical constituents of lipid-soluble and water-soluble extracts in Flos Sophorae Carbonisatus.

METHODThe compounds were isolated by means of solvent extraction and column chromatography, and their structures were determined by spectral analysis.

RESULTTwo compounds from petroleum ether extract and ten from n-BuOH extract were isolated and identified as sophoradiol (1), beta-sitosterol (2), 3 beta, 22 beta, 24-trihydroxy-olean-12-ene (soyasapogenol B) (3), daucosterol (4), kaikasaponin I (5), quercetin (6), isorhamnetin (7), 2-O-methyl-insitol (8), isorhamnetin-3-O-rutinoside (9), isoquercitrin (10), orobol-7-O-beta-D-glucoside (11), rutin (12), respectively.

CONCLUSIONCompound 3, 8-11 were isolated from Flos Sophorae Carbonisatus for the first time. The results could be basic foundation for further study on processing mechanism of Flos Sophorae Carbonisatus.

Objective:To analyze the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of human brucellosis in Sichuan Province, and to provide a scientific basis for prevention and control of brucellosis.Methods:Retrospective analysis methods were used to collect the data of reported cases of brucellosis in Sichuan Province from 2018 to 2020 from the "Infectious Disease Reporting Information Management System" in the "China Disease Prevention and Control Information System". The distribution (population, time and region) and case investigation data (epidemiological contact history and clinical manifestations) were analyzed by descriptive epidemiological.Results:A total of 309 cases of brucellosis were reported in Sichuan Province in 2018 - 2020, and no deaths occurred. The annual incidence rate was 0.123/100 000. Among the 309 reported cases of brucellosis, the sex ratio of men to women was 2.4 ∶ 1.0 (218 ∶ 91); the age of onset was mainly 20 - 60 years old, accounting for 79.9% (247/309); the occupation was mainly farmers, accounting for 51.8% (160/309). Brucellosis cases were reported in every month of the year, mainly from March to August, accounting for 72.5% (224/309) of the total number of cases. Cases were reported in 21 cities (autonomous prefectures) in Sichuan Province from 2018 to 2020. The top 5 cities (autonomous prefectures) in terms of cumulative number of cases were Chengdu, Liangshan, Zigong, Neijiang and Luzhou in order, accounting for 60.5% (187/309) of the total number of cases. Among the 309 reported cases of brucellosis, 279 case investigations were completed. Among them, 258 cases had a history of contact with livestock and their products, accounting for 92.5%; all contacted livestock were sheep; the main mode of transmission was direct contact, accounting for 88.5% (247/279); the main routes of transmission were sheep farming (50.2%, 140/279), sheep slaughtering (18.6%, 52/279), selling mutton or cutting sheep products in mutton restaurants (11.1%, 31/279); the main clinical manifestations were fever, fatigue, hyperhidrosis, and muscle and joint pain, accounting for 91.4% (255/279), 89.2% (249/279), 80.3% (224/279) and 65.2% (182/279), respectively.Conclusions:The spread of brucellosis in Sichuan Province is increasing, and spring and summer are the epidemic seasons. Brucellosis cases are most common in sheep farms, and the infection method is mainly direct contact infection; the clinical manifestations are diverse and non-specific. Relevant departments should strengthen the prevention and control of the disease in key populations and regions to control the outbreak of brucellosis.

Objective:To summarize the experience of personalized treatment of pediatric prepuce trauma.Methods:The clinical data of children with prepuce trauma treated in the Department of Pediatric Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from January 2019 to March 2021 were analyzed retrospectively. First, pediatric prepuce trauma was classified and graded before treatment, and then the treatment plans were developed with the informed consent of the children’s parents. Mild injuries were treated conservatively. In moderate injuries, in situ suture repair and frenuloplasty were performed. In severe injuries, modified circumcision and prepuce flap prepuceplasty were performed. In extremely severe injuries, composite flap (scrotal and mons pubis flap combined with prepuce flap) prepuceplasty was performed. The children were followed up for penile appearance and urinary and erectile function postoperatively.Results:A total of 36 male children, aged 6 months to 10 years, were enrolled in the study. Type of foreskin trauma: 7 cases of foreskin tie injury, 7 cases of inner plate injury, 12 cases of outer plate injury, and 10 cases of combined inner and outer plate injury; degree of foreskin trauma: 9 cases of mild injury, 6 cases of moderate injury, 19 cases of severe injury, and 2 cases of extremely severe injury. 9 of the 36 cases were treated conservatively; 4 cases were treated with in situ suture repair; 5 cases were treated with in situ suture repair + circumcision; 12 cases were treated with modified circumcision; 4 cases were treated with foreskin flap penile circumcision, and composite flaps (scrotal and mons pubis flaps as advancement flap + prepuce flap) were applied in 2 cases. All the children were followed up for 3~6 months. The appearance of the penis and scrotum was good, and the urination and erectile function were normal after treatment. The parents of the children were satisfied with the treatment results.Conclusions:For the treatment of pediatric prepuce trauma, it is necessary to comprehensively consider the location of the prepuce involved and the degree of prepuce injury and adopt an appropriate personalized treatment plan, which can achieve better results.

Objective:To understand the current situation of anxiety and depression in patients with atrial fibrillation who are going to undergo radiofrequency ablation and their family members and analyze the influencing factors.Methods:Using the convenient sampling method, a total of 197 patients with atrial fibrillation and their family members who were admitted to Arrhythmia Center of Beijing Anzhen Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University and planned to undergo radiofrequency ablation from October to December 2020 were selected as the research objects. The general information questionnaire, Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) and Patient Health Questionaire-9 items (PHQ-9) were used to investigate them. Binomial logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the influencing factors of anxiety and depression in patients with atrial fibrillation who were going to undergo radiofrequency ablation and their family members.Results:The PHQ-9 score of 197 patients with atrial fibrillation undergoing radiofrequency ablation was (3.9±3.8) , the GAD-7 score was (2.7±3.1) , the detection rate of depressive symptom was 34.5% (68/197) and the detection rate of anxiety symptom was 20.3% (40/197) . The PHQ-9 score of family members of patients was (1.9±3.0) , the GAD-7 score was (1.8±2.9) , the detection rate of anxiety symptom was 15.2% (30/197) and the detection rate of depressive symptoms was 16.2% (32/197) . Binomial Logistic regression analysis showed that the number of attacks in the past 1 month was greater than or equal to 4 times and the duration of atrial fibrillation episodes in the past 1 month was greater than or equal to 6 hours as the influencing factors of depressive symptoms ( P<0.05) . The number of seizures more than or equal to 4 in the past month was the influencing factor of anxiety symptoms of patients ( P<0.05) . The anxiety state of patients was the influencing factor of anxiety symptoms of family members ( P<0.05) . Conclusions:The current situation of anxiety and depression in patients with atrial fibrillation who are going to undergo radiofrequency ablation and their family members is not optimistic. The recent frequent attack of atrial fibrillation is the influencing factor of anxiety and depression symptoms of patients and the anxiety state of patients is the influencing factor of anxiety symptoms of family members. Medical staff should also pay attention to the anxiety and depression of patients with atrial fibrillation who are going to undergo radiofrequency ablation and their family members and give effective interventions as soon as possible.

Objective:To summarize the experience of personalized treatment of pediatric prepuce trauma.Methods:The clinical data of children with prepuce trauma treated in the Department of Pediatric Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from January 2019 to March 2021 were analyzed retrospectively. First, pediatric prepuce trauma was classified and graded before treatment, and then the treatment plans were developed with the informed consent of the children’s parents. Mild injuries were treated conservatively. In moderate injuries, in situ suture repair and frenuloplasty were performed. In severe injuries, modified circumcision and prepuce flap prepuceplasty were performed. In extremely severe injuries, composite flap (scrotal and mons pubis flap combined with prepuce flap) prepuceplasty was performed. The children were followed up for penile appearance and urinary and erectile function postoperatively.Results:A total of 36 male children, aged 6 months to 10 years, were enrolled in the study. Type of foreskin trauma: 7 cases of foreskin tie injury, 7 cases of inner plate injury, 12 cases of outer plate injury, and 10 cases of combined inner and outer plate injury; degree of foreskin trauma: 9 cases of mild injury, 6 cases of moderate injury, 19 cases of severe injury, and 2 cases of extremely severe injury. 9 of the 36 cases were treated conservatively; 4 cases were treated with in situ suture repair; 5 cases were treated with in situ suture repair + circumcision; 12 cases were treated with modified circumcision; 4 cases were treated with foreskin flap penile circumcision, and composite flaps (scrotal and mons pubis flaps as advancement flap + prepuce flap) were applied in 2 cases. All the children were followed up for 3~6 months. The appearance of the penis and scrotum was good, and the urination and erectile function were normal after treatment. The parents of the children were satisfied with the treatment results.Conclusions:For the treatment of pediatric prepuce trauma, it is necessary to comprehensively consider the location of the prepuce involved and the degree of prepuce injury and adopt an appropriate personalized treatment plan, which can achieve better results.

The occurrence of benign prostate hyperplasia(BPH)was related to disrupted sex steroid hormones,and metformin(Met)had a clinical response to sex steroid hormone-related gynaecological disease.How-ever,whether Met exerts an antiproliferative effect on BPH via sex steroid hormones remains unclear.Here,our clinical study showed that along with prostatic epithelial cell(PEC)proliferation,sex steroid hormones were dysregulated in the serum and prostate of BPH patients.As the major contributor to dysregulated sex steroid hormones,elevated dihydrotestosterone(DHT)had a significant positive rela-tionship with the clinical characteristics of BPH patients.Activation of adenosine 5'-monophosphate(AMP)-activated protein kinase(AMPK)by Met restored dysregulated sex steroid hormone homeostasis and exerted antiproliferative effects against DHT-induced proliferation by inhibiting the formation of androgen receptor(AR)-mediated Yes-associated protein(YAP1)-TEA domain transcription factor(TEAD4)heterodimers.Met's anti-proliferative effects were blocked by AMPK inhibitor or YAP1 over-expression in DHT-cultured BPH-1 cells.Our findings indicated that Met would be a promising clinical therapeutic approach for BPH by inhibiting dysregulated steroid hormone-induced PEC proliferation.

As a new clinical trial mode,decentralized & digitalized clinical trial(DCT)is based on digital health equipment and uses internet and artificial intelligence technologies to complete the screening,registration,randomization,intervention,evaluation and follow-up of subjects,which is helpful to improve efficiency and reduce trial costs.The DCT mode has been applied to evaluate the treatment and management effects of cardiovascular diseases such as atrial fibrilla-tion,heart failure,coronary heart disease,and hypertension,showing broad development prospects and application space.This article will provide a brief introduction to representative DCT in the global cardiovascular disease field,and look for-ward to the application prospects of this model,providing reference and guidance for accelerating the development of cardio-vascular DCT in China.