In order to know the possibility of utilizing the sister chromatid exchanges as an index which could evaliiate the effect of organic solvents on Lhe health in industrial workers, the authors Studied the effects of the inductivity of sister chromatid exchanges in peripheral lymphocyces from 90 female workers espoxed to organic solvents .and 20 lion-exposed female workers. The results obtained were as follows: 1. The frequency of sister chromatid exchanges in peripheral iympnocytes from 90 female workers exposed to organic solvents was significantly increased in comparison with 20 coatiol subiect. 2. The frequency of sister chromatid exchanges was significantly Increased in the workers who were employed in the manufacture of plastic materials than the other manufactures. 3. There were no significant differences in the frequency of sister chrornatid exchanges by carriera of the exposed workers. 4. The correlation between the frequency of sister chromatid exchanges and urinary hippuric acid was significant with the coefficient of 0.5902 showing Y=1.867X+15.188 in which Y indicate the frequency of sister chromatid exchanges per cell and X indicate the urinary hippuric acid concentration by g/l.
Female ; Humans ; Lymphocytes* ; Plastics ; Siblings* ; Sister Chromatid Exchange* ; Solvents*

No abstract available.
Diethylstilbestrol* ; Female ; Humans ; Lymphocytes* ; Siblings* ; Sister Chromatid Exchange*

No abstract available.
Humans ; Lymphocytes* ; Siblings* ; Sister Chromatid Exchange* ; Thyroid Gland* ; Thyroid Neoplasms*

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the rate of sister chromatid exchange (SCE), the occurrence of micronuclei, and the lymphocyte proliferation rate index (PRI) in patients with breast cancer, their first-degree relatives, and healthy volunteers. METHODS: We analyzed the frequency of SCE and micronuclei, and the PRI in the peripheral blood lymphocytes of 30 women with breast cancer, 22 of their female family members, and 20 age-matched healthy female volunteers. RESULTS: SCE occurred significantly more often in the lymphocytes of breast cancer patients (10.84+/-0.4 per metaphase), compared with their first-degree relatives (7.45+/-0.54) and controls (5.94+/-0.2) (p<0.001 for both). The mean SCE frequency was not statistically different between first-degree relatives and controls (p=0.071). Similarly, micronuclei occurred at a significantly higher rate in breast cancer patients (9.6+/-0.72), and in their first-degree relatives (7+/-0.64), compared to controls (3.85+/-0.4) (p<0.001 and p=0.001, respectively). There was also a significant difference between the occurrence of micronuclei in patients compared to their family members (p=0.021). The PRI was significantly lower in patients (1.61+/-0.1), compared with both their first-degree relatives (1.75+/-0.1), and controls (1.74+/-0.1) (p=0.001 and p=0.002, respectively). CONCLUSION: Increased SCE and the occurrence of micronuclei, as well as a reduced PRI are associated with breast cancer. Furthermore, increased SCE and the frequency of micronuclei in a first-degree relative suggest that they exhibit greater genetic instability than women of the same age.
Breast ; Breast Neoplasms ; Cytogenetics ; DNA Damage ; Female ; Humans ; Lymphocytes ; Micronucleus, Germline ; Sister Chromatid Exchange

In order to evaluate the genotoxic hazard among workers potentially exposed to low level petrochemical substances, the analyses of micronuclei (MN) and sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs) in lymphocytes were performed in 46 male workers (as exposed group) and 46 nonexposed subjects (as control group). Mean frequencies of MN and SCEs (respectively, 12.9/1000 cells and 6.5/cell) in exposed group were very significantly higher than those (10.2/1000 cells and 5.4/cell) in control group. And there were also significant differences in mean frequencies of MN and SCEs adjusted for age, employment duration, smoking, and drinking between two groups. Median frequencies of MN and SCEs in exposed group were very significantly higher than those in control group. Frequencies of SCEs were higher in smokers than in non-smoker. Frequencies of MN in smokers, however, were similiar to those of non-smoker. Interaction between exposure and smoking on MN and SCEs induction was not observed. The results suggest that there is genotoxic hazard in high risk group like workers handling carcinogens in petrochemical plants and the analyses of MN and SCEs are useful biomarkers for the exposure to hazard substances even at the level below the exposure limit.
Biological Markers ; Carcinogens ; Drinking ; Employment ; Humans ; Lymphocytes ; Male ; Sister Chromatid Exchange ; Smoke ; Smoking

Sister chromatid exchanges(SCEs) and cell cycle kinetics were proposed as a sensitive and quantitative assay for mutagenicity and cytotoxicity in short-term cultures of phytohemagglutinin(PHA)-stimulated human lymphocytes. Therefore, this study was performed to investigate the relation between the cytotoxic effects and sister chromatid exchanges. The results are summarized as follows: 1) The frequency of SCEs per cell are 13.1+/-2.8 in the lower concentration of 6.25x10(-9) M and 75.8+/-8.2 in the highest concentration of 1.00+/-10(-7) M. Mitotic index is decreased in the higher concentration of mitomycin C. The result indicates that mitomycin C led to a dose dependent increase in SCE frequency, but decrease in mitotic index. 2) Chromosomal analysis was performed on metaphase cells that have divided one, two, and three or more times for cell cycle kinetics by fluorescence-plus-Giemsa(FPG) technique. According to the increased but the cells of third division are greatly decreased. 3) The frequency of SCEs per chromosome by chromocomal group are decreased gradually from A group to G group. But relationships between specific chromosomal group and SCEs frequency are not found.
Cell Cycle ; Chromatids ; Humans ; Humans* ; Kinetics ; Lymphocytes ; Metaphase ; Mitomycin* ; Mitotic Index ; Siblings* ; Sister Chromatid Exchange*

The author studied the frequencies of sister chromatid exchanges of cultured peripheral Iymphocytes from 51 chromium exposed workers and 29 controls in order to examine the inductivity of sister chromatid exchanges of cultured peripheral lymphocytes of chromium exposed workers, from June 1989 to March 1990. The results obtained were as follows; 1. Mean frequencies of sister chromatid exchanges of cultured peripheral lymphocytes were 9.33+/-2.57 from chromium exposed workers and 7.59+/-0.81 from control, respectively, and the former was significantly higher than the latter (p<0.01) . 2. The frequencies of sister chromatid exchanges of cultured peripheral lymphocytes by duration of employment from chromium exposed workers was increased in proportion to that, but there was no statistical significance. 3. The frequencies of sister chromatid exchanges of cultured peripheral lymphocytes by chromium concentration in blood and urine of chromium exposed workers were not significantly increased. 4. The frequencies of sister chromatid exchanges of cultured peripheral lymphocytes by levels of alcohol consumption in chromium exposed workers was inclined to increase in proportion to that. 5. The frequencies of sister chromatid exchanges of cultured peripheral lymphocytes by number of cigarettes smoked was significantly increased in proportion to that in both chromium exposed workers and controls (p<0.05) . 6. In drinkers of chromium exposed workers, the frequencies of sister chromatid exchanges of cultured peripheral lymphocytes in smokers was higher than non-smokers, but there was no statistical significance.
Alcohol Drinking ; Chromium ; Employment ; Humans ; Lymphocytes* ; Siblings* ; Sister Chromatid Exchange* ; Smoke ; Tobacco Products

The authors examined the induntivity of sister chromatid exchanges (SCE) in peripheral lum-phocytes on the personnel working in the operating room and analyzed the factors associated with it to obtain data for their monitoring health status. The results obtained were as follows; 1) Average inductivity of SCE in peripheral lymphocytes of operating room perssonnel exposed to anesthetic gases was 7.85 per cell; it was significantly higher than in those who were not exposed (p< 0.05). 2) The inductivity of SCE in peripheral lymphocytes by age group and exposure duration was not statically significant (p<0.05). 3) The inductivity of SCE in the subjects with a smoking habit was significantly higher than those without a smoking habit (p<0.05). 4) There was no significant difference in the inductivity of SCE between the subjects with a drinking habit and those without it (p>0.05). 5) It is possible that the high inductivity of SCE in operating room personnel who both with drink and smoke was due to more the influence of their smoking than their drinking.
Anesthetics, Inhalation ; Drinking ; Gases* ; Humans ; Lymphocytes* ; Operating Rooms* ; Siblings* ; Sister Chromatid Exchange* ; Smoke ; Smoking

PURPOSE: Glyphosate (N-phosphonomethyl glycine) is widely used as an herbicide for weed control in rural areas. It is also readily available for suicide attempts. Glyphosate has high toxicity and negatively affects the human body. The aim of this investigation was to study the genotoxicity of a low-concentration of glyphosate through sister chromatid exchange (SCE) in human blood lymphocytes in vitro. METHODS: Primary lymphocyte cultures were obtained from blood samples of 11 males and seven females who had been exposed to glyphosate (0, 100, 200, and 300 ng/mL). The frequency of SCEs was examined and statistical analysis was performed. RESULTS: All doses of glyphosate induced a significant dose-dependent increase in SCE frequency compared with the control group (P<0.001). In particular, the SCE frequency for exposure to low-dose glyphosate was significantly higher in females than in males. CONCLUSION: According to the result of this study, even a low-dose of glyphosate may damage DNA and females are more vulnerable to glyphosate.
DNA ; Female ; Human Body ; Humans ; Lymphocytes ; Male ; Sister Chromatid Exchange* ; Suicide ; Toxicology ; Weed Control

PURPOSE: Glyphosate (N-phosphonomethyl glycine) is widely used as an herbicide for weed control in rural areas. It is also readily available for suicide attempts. Glyphosate has high toxicity and negatively affects the human body. The aim of this investigation was to study the genotoxicity of a low-concentration of glyphosate through sister chromatid exchange (SCE) in human blood lymphocytes in vitro. METHODS: Primary lymphocyte cultures were obtained from blood samples of 11 males and seven females who had been exposed to glyphosate (0, 100, 200, and 300 ng/mL). The frequency of SCEs was examined and statistical analysis was performed. RESULTS: All doses of glyphosate induced a significant dose-dependent increase in SCE frequency compared with the control group (P<0.001). In particular, the SCE frequency for exposure to low-dose glyphosate was significantly higher in females than in males. CONCLUSION: According to the result of this study, even a low-dose of glyphosate may damage DNA and females are more vulnerable to glyphosate.
DNA ; Female ; Human Body ; Humans ; Lymphocytes ; Male ; Sister Chromatid Exchange* ; Suicide ; Toxicology ; Weed Control