The mutagenic effect of HpD on cell SCE and the reactions of cell SCE to different sources of light combined with HpD were studied using V79 cells. There were 6 doses of HpD: 1 microgram/ml, 3 micrograms/ml, 5 micrograms/ml, 10 micrograms/ml, 50 micrograms/ml and 100 micrograms/ml. The dose of 5 micrograms/ml is equal to the maximum dose of HpD used in the clinic (HpD per milliliter of patient's blood). Our experiments demonstrated that when the cells were cultured in the dark and HpD was added to the medium no more than 5 micrograms/ml, the SCE frequencies were not increased. The cells were irradiated with different sources of light without HpD, both the fluorescence and ultraviolet light could promote SCE but the light of daylight lamp and red light did not increase it. But when HpD was added into culture medium at the dose of less than 5 micrograms/ml, every light could increase the cell SCE intensively except the daylight lamp light. The red light was more notable than the others by relation analysis.
Cells, Cultured ; Fluorescence ; Hematoporphyrin Photoradiation ; Hematoporphyrins ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Light ; Photochemotherapy ; Sister Chromatid Exchange ; drug effects ; Ultraviolet Rays

Carbon monoxide gas is found in the atmosphere whenever society has become industrialized. In addition to the fact that Korea has become industrialized, bituminous coal is used to heat homes here, in heating systems that, if not very carefully maintained, leak this gas, resulting in a number of deaths and near deaths each winter. It has only rarely been reported by investigators that genetic damage may be done transplacentally to a human fetus by a pregnant woman's being poisoned by CO. We explored this by evaluating the damage done to the mouse fetus through an in vivo experiment, using micronucleus and sister chromatid exchange (SCE) tests. Mice were mated and pregnant ones divided into a group that received acute exposures on 3 different days, a group that received chronic exposure, and a control group. In the meantime in the control group the incidence of both micronuclei and SCE was less on the maternal side, in both the acute and chronic exposure groups, whereas the incidences of both micronuclei and SCE were more on the maternal side. However, the incidence on the fetal side was not far behind. Increasing, the dosage of carbon monoxide with gestational age increased the incidence of both micronuclei and SCE in the mother and fetus alike.
Animal ; Carbon Monoxide/toxicity* ; Cell Nucleus/drug effects* ; Female ; Fetus/drug effects* ; Maternal-Fetal Exchange ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred ICR ; Mutagens* ; Pregnancy ; Sister Chromatid Exchange/drug effects*

Adult ; Carcinogens ; Epoxy Compounds ; poisoning ; Female ; Humans ; Lymphocytes ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Male ; Multivariate Analysis ; Mutation ; drug effects ; Occupational Exposure ; analysis ; Regression Analysis ; Sister Chromatid Exchange ; drug effects

Cells, Cultured ; Coal ; toxicity ; Dust ; Humans ; In Vitro Techniques ; Mutagenicity Tests ; Mutagens ; toxicity ; Mutation ; drug effects ; Salmonella typhimurium ; drug effects ; genetics ; Sister Chromatid Exchange ; drug effects

AIMTo evaluate the genetic instability of 11 fertile and 25 infertile men.

METHODSThe methodology of sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs) was applied to cultures of peripheral blood lymphocytes, and the levels of SCEss were analyzed as a quantitative index of genotoxicity, along with the values of the mitotic index (MI) and the proliferation rate index (PRI) as qualitative indices of cytotoxicity and cytostaticity, respectively. The genotoxic and antineoplastic agent, mitomycin C (MMC), and caffeine (CAF)--both well-known inhibitors of DNA repair mechanism--were used in an attempt to induce chromosomal instability in infertile men, so as to more easily detect the probable underlying damage on DNA.

RESULTSOur experiments illustrated that infertile men, compared with fertile ones, demonstrated a statistically significant DNA instability in peripheral blood lymphocytes after being exposed simultaneously to MMC and CAF.

CONCLUSIONThe current study showed vividly that there was genetic instability in infertile men which probably contributes to the development of an impaired reproductive capacity.

Adult ; Caffeine ; pharmacology ; Chromosome Aberrations ; drug effects ; DNA Repair ; drug effects ; Humans ; Infertility, Male ; genetics ; Lymphocytes ; cytology ; drug effects ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mitomycin ; pharmacology ; Mitotic Index ; Sister Chromatid Exchange ; drug effects

OBJECTIVETo determine the in vitro possible clastogenic and cytotoxic activities of Ulva rigida crude extracts (URE), and identify their antigenotoxic and protective effects on chemotherapeutic agent mitomycine-C (MMC).

METHODSAnti-clastogenic and anti-genotoxic activities of Ulva rigida crude extracts (URE) were studied using chromosome aberration (CA), sister chromatid exchange (SCE), and micronuclei (MN) tests in human lymphocytes cultured in vitro.

RESULTSThe chromosome aberration, sister chromatid exchange or micronuclei tests showed that URE at concentrations of 10, 20, and 40 microg/mL had no clastogenic activity in human lymphocyte cell culture. Three doses of URE significantly decreased the number of chromosomal aberrations and the frequencies of SCE and MN when compared with the culture treated with MMC (P < 0.0001).

CONCLUSIONAlthough URE itself is not a clastogenic or cytotoxic substance, it possesses strong antigenotoxic, anti-clastogenic, and protective effects on MMC in vitro.

Antibiotics, Antineoplastic ; pharmacology ; Antimutagenic Agents ; pharmacology ; Cells, Cultured ; Chlorophyta ; Chromosome Aberrations ; drug effects ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Humans ; Lymphocytes ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Micronucleus Tests ; Mitomycins ; pharmacology ; Mutagens ; toxicity ; Plant Extracts ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Sister Chromatid Exchange ; drug effects

PURPOSE: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) are frequently used in oral surgical procedures in dentistry. The evaluation of the frequency of sister chromatid exchange (SCE) is accepted as a reliable cytogenetic method to assess the genotoxic effects of environmental factors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this study, the genotoxic effects of various NSAIDs were assessed in 30 patients to who they were administered following encluosed third molar surgery using SCE analysis before and after the operation. The frequency of SCE was evaluated before the operation and after 3 days of etodolac, nimesulid and naproxen use. RESULTS: There was no statistically significant difference in the frequency of SCE between the preoperative and postoperative states in patients given etodolac, nimesulid or naproxen sodium. CONCLUSION: Short term use of selective and non-selective NSAIDs was not associated with a significant genotoxic effect that could be detected using the SCE method in peripheric lymphocytes.
Adult ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/*adverse effects ; Etodolac/adverse effects ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Molar, Third/*surgery ; Mutagenicity Tests ; Naproxen/adverse effects ; Prospective Studies ; Sister Chromatid Exchange/*drug effects ; Sulfonamides/adverse effects

OBJECTIVEto study the role of structural maintenance of chromosome (SMC)1, SMC3, Separase and Securin in tumorgenesis that contact with coal tar pitch.

METHODSthe BEAS-2B cells was induced by coal tar pitch smoke extracts to form malignant transformation cell model in vitro. The gene expression levels of mRNA were assessed by real-time quantitative RT-PCR, and the protein expression variation were determined by cell culture overslip of immunohistochemical methods.

RESULTSin malignant transformation cells, the mRNA and the protein expression level of SMC1 gene was not statistically significantly different compared with the BEAS-2B group and DMSO group (P > 0.05); SMC3 and Separase was increased and Securin was decreased (P < 0.05), while the difference between other two control groups was not significant (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSthe up expression level of SMC3 and Separase and the down expression level of Securin are involved in the process that evolves into malignant transformation in bronchial epithelial cells BEAS-2B induced by coal tar pitch smoke extracts.

Bronchi ; cytology ; Cell Cycle Proteins ; metabolism ; Cell Line ; Cell Line, Transformed ; cytology ; drug effects ; Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycans ; metabolism ; Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone ; metabolism ; Coal Tar ; toxicity ; Endopeptidases ; metabolism ; Epithelial Cells ; cytology ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Humans ; Membrane Proteins ; metabolism ; Separase ; Sister Chromatid Exchange ; Smoke ; adverse effects