Objective To compare the effects of pure neurolysis or neuromuscular electrical stimulation combined with exercise therapy on brachial plexus palsy rehabilitation,and select an effective solution for the treatment of brachial plexus paralysis.Methods Eighty-six patients with neonatal brachial plexus paralysis,admitted to our hospital from July 2011 to July 2014,were randomly divided into control group (n=42) and observation group (n=44);patients in the control group were treated by simple neurolysis,and those in the observation group were given neuromuscular electrical stimulation therapy for joint movement.The clinical curative effects,scores of Mailett shoulder joint,Gilbert elbow joint and Raimondi hand joint,Gilbert deltoid muscle strength and electromyography examination,nerve conduction block and axon damage situation were compared between the two groups before and after treatment.Results (1) The clinical total effective rate of the observation group was 88.64％,which was significantly higher than that of the control group (66.67％,P＜0.05).(2) The scores of Mallett shoulder joint,Gilbert elbow joint and Raimondi hand joint of the two groups after treatment were significantly greater than those before treatment (P＜0.05);and the above scores in the observation group were significantly greater than those in the control group after treatment (P＜0.05).(3) The scores of triangular muscle of children from the two groups after treatment were significantly greater than those before treatment (P＜0.05),and those in the observation group after treatment were significantly greater than those in the control group (P＜0.05).(4) The M wave negative peak area EN showed no significant difference in the two groups before and after treatment (P＞0.05),but the EA and PA levels after treatment in the two groups were significantly higher than those before treatment (P＜0.05),and those in the observation group after treatment were significantly higher than those in the control group (P＜0.05);(5)The nerve conduction block and axon damage in the two groups after treatment were significantly less than those before treatment (P＜0.05),and those in the observation group after treatment were significantly less than those in the control group (P＜0.05).Conclusion The effect of neuromuscular electrical stimulation joint exercise therapy on neonatal brachial plexus paralysis rehabilitation is better than that of pure neurolysis.