Fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS), also known as fibromyalgia, is clinically characterized by diffuse chronic muscle and bone pain, accompanied by fatigue, sleep disturbances, depressive episodes, and cognitive and intestinal dysfunction. Due to lack of clear specific laboratory indicators and appropriate imaging examinations, FMS diagnosis is mostly based on clinical symptoms, but FMS clinical symptoms of lack specificity, and current clinical diagnostic criteria are mostly exclusive criteria, which is prone to missed diagnosis and misdiagnosis. In order to further promote the standardized diagnosis and treatment of FMS, this paper makes extensive references to laboratory-related diagnostic indexes of FMS (Tau, adiponectin, serum cathepsin S, cystatin C, serum ferritin, nitric oxide, neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio, platelet distribution width and mean platelet volume) at home and abroad, aiming to provide new ideas for early diagnosis and intervention of FMS.