Since 1950s,the idea of liver transplantation (LT) was proposed,the technique of LT had been gradually and widely applied in the field of surgery.The development of LT experienced three stages,including animal experiment,clinical probation and clinical application.It is well known that LT is the only effective therapeutic method for terminal stage of liver diseases.In liver transplantation,the ischemia-reperfusion injury is difficult to avoid,and an important factor causing poor liver function.Meanwhile,hemodynamic volatility and internal environment disorder are important prognostic factors.How to reduce ischemia-reperfusion injury of the transplanted liver and improve intraoperative hemodynamic changes in liver transplantation is a clinical research focus.Recent studies has indicated that orthotopic liver transplantation retrograde perfusion method can effectively reduce the transplanted liver ischemia-reperfusion injury and improve liver function early after transplantation,and thus significantly improve the success rate of liver transplantation and survival.

AIM: To study the roles of isotropic diffusion weighted imaging(DWI)and apparent diffusion coefficient(ADC)mapping in diagnosing early cerebral infarction.METHODS: 21 patients with cerebral in farction (8hyperacute,13 acute)were imaged with both conventional MRI and single-shot echo-planar isotropic diffusion weighted imaging.Among them 12 patients had CT scanning simultaneously within 24 hours after onset.The positive rate of early infarction was comparted on CT,T 2WI and DEI.The change of the infarct lesion in DWI and T 2WI was also analysed.The average ADC,relative ADC(rADC)and the ADC from center to periphery of the lesion were calculated.RESULTS: 8 hyperacute cerebral ischemic regions were revealed at DWI and ADC mapping,but CT and conventional MR were not.Hyperacute and acute infarcts appeared as areas of hyperintensity on DWI,and their average ADC was significantly depressed comparted with homologous contralateral tissue (0 698?0 104 ?s 0 990?0 161?10 -3 mm 2/s; P

Objective To evaluate the clinical value of 3D-FS-SPGR and 3D-reconstructional technique in detecting the lesion of articular cartilage of knee.Methods Fifty eight knees with OA(42 cases)or trauma (9 cases) in 54 cases (12 cases were confirmed by operation) were imaged with eight different MR imaging sequences including T 1-weighted,proton density-weighted,T 2-weighted FSE,STIR,3D-FS-SPGR,2D-FS-SPGR,3D-SPGR and 3D-FS-GRE.The classification and three-dimensional reconstruction of cartilage in four locations of knee were performed on different MR sequences.The detecting rate of cartilage lesion were calculated.The results in partly cases were analysed compared to operation. Results The detecting rate was different on each sequence as follow:T 1WI,GRE,STIR,PDWI,T 2WI and SPGR were 8.91%,16.36%,19.32%,19.57%,21.36% and 24.09% respectively (? 2=23.523,?

0.05). Conclusions DTI is valuable in assessing the directionality and density of white matter and can reflect the age-related physiological changes of white matter in vivo non- invasively.

Objective:To eveluate and study the anatomic basis of the posterior contour sign of lumbar intervertebral disc.Methods:The most protruding length of the soft tissue mass behind intervertebral spase on lumbar plain film were measured in 100 cases and compared with CT or MR findings.Results:41 posterior contour sign of the interlumbar disc were fined in 39 cases,of which there were 25 in L4/5(61.0%),15 in L3/4(15.6%)and 1 in L2/3(2.4%).The protruding was less than 0.2 cm in 26 and larger than 0.2 cm in 15,there were 10 lumbar disc protruding confirmed by CT or MR ,7 of which the pesterior contour ≥0.2 cm,and 3＞0.3 cm,none was ≤0.2 cm.Conclusion:The adipose tissue in the posterior border of lumbar body and disc was the anatomic basis of the sign,and it was an importent sign for diagnosing of lumbar disc hernia on plain film.

Objective To evaluate the diagnosis and differential diagnosis among the chronic osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis and other chronic cartilage lesions on the plain films and MR images. Methods Eighty-nine cases, including 115 joints, underwent plain film and MRI examination, and enhanced MRI scan was performed on 32 of them, including 44 joints. MRI scan sequences consisted of T 1WI, T 2WI+PDWI, STIR, and 3D FS SPGR. There were 90 knee joints in this group and each of the articular cartilage was divided into four parts: patella, femoral medial condyle, femoral lateral condyle, and tibia facet on MR images. The cartilage disorders were classified according to the outerbridge method. In addition, 61 cases including 75 joints were observed as a control group on the plain films and MR images. Results 115 cartilage lesions were found on MR images, in which thinness of the cartilage (58 cases, 50 4%), bone changes under the cartilage (22 cases, 19.7%), medullar edema (22 cases, 19.7%), and synovial hyperplasia (52 cases, 45.2%) were seen. The patella cartilage was the most likely affected part (81/90, 90%). So the patellar cartilage lesions were divided as group 1 (grade Ⅰ-Ⅱ) and group 2 (grade Ⅲ-Ⅳ) on MR images, which were compared with the plain film signs. The narrowing of the joint space and saccules under the articular surface were statistically significant with each other, and ? 2 values were 9.349 and 9.885, respectively (P=0.002). Conclusion No constant signs could be seen on the plain films with grade Ⅰ-Ⅱ cartilage disorders. While the narrowing joint space and saccules under the joint surface could be seen on them with grade Ⅲ-Ⅳ cartilage disorders, which were mainly correlated with the cartilage disorders and bone changes under the articular cartilages. A combination of the plain films and MR images is the best imaging method for examining the joints and joint cartilages. Enhanced MRI scan is very helpful on the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of the synovial lesions.

Objective To study the roles of isotropic diffusion weighted imaging and apparent diffusion coefficients (ADC) mapping in diagnosing cerebral infarction, monitoring the development of cerebral infarction and defining the infarction stages.Methods 86 work-ups in 70 patients with cerebral infarction (8 hyperacute, 13 acute, 32 subacute, 11 steady, and 22 chronic) were imaged with both conventional MRI and single-shot echo-planar isotropic diffusion weighted imaging.The change of the infarct lesion in DWI and T_2WI was also analyzed.The average ADC, relative ADC (rADC), and the ADC from center to periphery of the lesion were calculated.Results 8 hyperacute cerebral ischemic regions were revealed at DWI and ADC mapping.Hyperacute and acute infarcts appeared as areas of hyperintensity on DWI, and their average ADC was significantly depressed compared with that of homologous contralateral tissue [(0.698?0.104) ?10 -3 mm 2/s versus (0.990?0.161)?10 -3 mm 2/s; t=-14.372, P

Objective To study the value of MR perfusion-weighted imaging(PWI)after administration of acetazolamide(ACZ)in evaluating the cerebrovascular capacity.Methods MR perfusion-weighted imaging were performed before and after ACZ administeredorally in 7 cases with cerebral infarction.The values of rCBV and rMTT were analysed and the cerebrovascular capacity were evaluated.Results The prolonged rMTT was found in rMTT map before and after ACZ in all cases.Only 5 subjects were abnormal at rCBV map visually.rMTT was increased at the abnormal region on rMTT map.The abnormal regions at rCBV maps included both rCBV increased or decreased.The abnormal region was larger at rMTT map than that at rCBV map.Conclusion MR perfusion-weighted imaging with ACZ test has significant value in assessing the cerebrovascular capacity.

Objective To compare with the advantage or shortage of several scan series in imaging of normal articular cartilage in knee.The MR manifestation were observed and thickness of different location of cartilage in knee in different series were calulated.Methods The knees of 30 healthy volunteers were imaged with five different MR imaging sequences including T 1-weighted,proton density-weighted,T 2-weighted FSE,STIR and 3D-FS-SPGR.The value of CNR were determined for cartilage versus a saline fluid phantom,marrow fat,and muscle.The MR 2D and 3D manifestation were observed and thickness of different location of cartilage in knee in different series were calculated.Results The value of CNR of 3D-FS-SPGR for cartilage versus a saline fluid phantom,marrow fat,and muscle were compared with other sequences and were significantly different.The values of cartilage thickness with 3D-FS-SPGR were more than those with other series.The mulplaner appearance was observed.There was five-plane manifestation when cartilage thickness was more than 4 mm.The value of cartilage thickness of male and female were 2.63 mm and 2.52 mm,respectively.Conclusion 3D-FS-SPGR sequences have significant advantage compared with other series in imaging normal articular cartilage of knee.The cartilage is show clearly than other sequences.The value of cartilage thickness with 3D-FS-SPGR is more accurate.Moreover it can also provide much information adding to 3D construction of cartilage.

Objective To summarize the important HR-MRI manifestations of orbital disease in extraconal compartment.Methods Forty-four patients with extraconal orbital disease identified pathologically were analysed retrospectively. MRI of the orbit at 1.5 Tesla was performed with surface coil, thin slice, suitable bandwidth, small field of view (FOV) and large matrix. The analyzed criteria of imaging appearance were: location, shape,size, margins, extent, adjacent structures, and signal intensity.Results Lymphoma, hemangioma, rhabdomyosarcoma, metastasis, pseudotumor, and phlegmon accounted for 70% of all extraconal orbital diseases. Three cases of haemangioma had round shape and clear margin; most lymphoma had irregular shape, unclear margin and big volume; while most rhabdomyosarcoma and metastasis had round shape and unclear margin. The effect of space-occupying of lymphoma was not obvious. One case of lymphangioma had high signal intensity on both T 1- and T 2-weighted images without enhancement. Melanomametastasis appeared hyperintense on T 1- weighted and hypointense on T 2-weighted images. The contrast-enhancement of haemangioma was much more prominent than others. There were characteristic of rhabdomyosarcoma, metastasis, pseudotumor, and phlegmon about their age,clinical history and examination. Conclusion Location criteria, morphological changes, MRI signal intensity, clinical history and the effect of space-occupying are very useful in the differential diagnosis of the orbital disease.