Sirtuin 1

Fatty Liver ; drug therapy ; Humans ; Sirtuin 1

As the most homologic homologue of silent information regulator 2 of yeast, Sirt1 gene is extensively expressed in mature tissues, and is rich in early embryo and reproductive cells. It is involved in the regulation of gene transcription, energy metabolism and cell aging. It promotes fat mobilization in adipocytes and glucose production in liver and regulates insulin secretion in islet beta cell. Furthermore, Sirt1 gene is an essential endogenous apoptosis inhibitor. In future, it may be used as new drug targets or applied in other disease management modalities.
Animals ; Humans ; Sirtuin 1 ; genetics ; metabolism ; physiology

Fatty Liver, Alcoholic ; etiology ; metabolism ; Humans ; Sirtuin 1 ; metabolism

Diabetic nephropathy presents an increasing trend worldwide. It has been an attractive area to find novel targets for the treatment of diabetic nephropathy. SIRT1 (Sirtuin 1), a member of deacetylation enzymes, regulates cell senescence, metabolism, and apoptosis. In last ten years, lots of studies showed that SIRT1 exerts a protective effect in the progression of the diabetic nephropathy by promoting reconstruction of energy homeostasis, modulating cell redox state, resisting cell apoptosis, inhibiting inflammation and ameliorating renal fibrosis. SIRT1 has become a potential new target for the treatment of diabetic nephropathy.
Apoptosis ; Cellular Senescence ; Diabetic Nephropathies ; pathology ; Humans ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Sirtuin 1 ; physiology

BACKGROUND: Silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog 1 (SIRT1), an NAD+-dependent deacetylase, might act as a tumor promoter by inhibiting p53, but may also as a tumor suppressor by inhibiting several oncogenes such as beta-catenin and survivin. Deleted in breast cancer 1 (DBC1) is known as a negative regulator of SIRT1. METHODS: Immunohistochemical expressions of SIRT1, DBC1, beta-catenin, surviving, and p53 were evaluated using 2 mm tumor cores from 349 colorectal cancer patients for tissue microarray. RESULTS: Overexpression of SIRT1, DBC1, survivin, and p53 was seen in 235 (67%), 183 (52%), 193 (55%), and 190 (54%) patients, respectively. Altered expression of beta-catenin was identified in 246 (70%) patients. On univariate analysis, overexpression of SIRT1 (p=0.029) and altered expression of beta-catenin (p=0.008) were significantly associated with longer overall survival. Expression of SIRT1 was significantly related to DBC1 (p=0.001), beta-catenin (p=0.001), and survivin (p=0.002), but not with p53. On multivariate analysis, age, tumor stage, differentiation, and expression of SIRT1 were independent prognostic factors significantly associated with overall survival. CONCLUSIONS: SIRT1 overexpression is a good prognostic factor for colorectal cancer, and SIRT1 may interact with beta-catenin and survivin rather than p53.
Adenocarcinoma ; beta Catenin ; Breast Neoplasms ; Colon ; Colorectal Neoplasms ; Humans ; Multivariate Analysis ; Oncogenes ; Prognosis ; Sirtuin 1

The silent information regulator protein 2 (Sir2) and its homologues play an important role in the regulation of cellular physiological processes such as survival, apoptosis, and aging. SIRT1, the mammalian Sir 2 homologue, has been shown to deacetylate a wide range of non-histone substrates and histone substrates. It has been constantly reported that SIRT1 may be associated with the occurrence of metabolic syndrome, genomic homeostasis, tumors, and neurodegenerative diseases. Calorie restriction may mitigate many major diseases in rodent models by SIRT1-mediated deacetylase activity and prolong the life expectancies in these animals. Therefore, SIRT1 may be emphasized as a new therapy target for many different diseases.
Animals ; Caloric Restriction ; Humans ; Longevity ; Sirtuin 1 ; genetics ; physiology ; Substrate Specificity

The sirtuin proteins constitute class III histone deacetylases (HDACs). These evolutionarily conserved NAD(+)-dependent enzymes form an important component in a variety of cellular and biological processes with highly divergent as well as convergent roles in maintaining metabolic homeostasis, safeguarding genomic integrity, regulating cancer metabolism and also inflammatory responses. Amongst the seven known mammalian sirtuin proteins, SIRT1 has gained much attention due to its widely acknowledged roles in promoting longevity and ameliorating age-associated pathologies. The contributions of other sirtuins in the field of aging are also gradually emerging. Here, we summarize some of the recent discoveries in sirtuins biology which clearly implicate the functions of sirtuin proteins in the regulation of premature cellular senescence and accelerated aging. The roles of sirtuins in various cellular processes have been extrapolated to draw inter-linkage with anti-aging mechanisms. Also, the latest findings on sirtuins which might have potential effects in the process of aging have been reviewed.
Aging, Premature ; enzymology ; genetics ; Animals ; Humans ; Longevity ; genetics ; Sirtuin 1 ; genetics ; metabolism

China ; Depressive Disorder, Major ; genetics ; Humans ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Sirtuin 1 ; genetics

To investigate the effects of geniposidic acid( GPA) on hepato-enteric circulation in cholestasis rats,and to explore the mechanism based on the sirtuin 1( Sirt1)-farnesol X receptor( FXR) pathway,sixty SD rats were randomly divided into 6 groups:blank control group,ANIT model group,ursodeoxycholic acid group( 100 mg·kg~(-1)·d-1 UDCA),and GPA high,medium and low( 100,50 and 25 mg·kg~(-1)·d-1) dosage groups,10 rats in each group. Corresponding drugs were intragastrically( ig) administered for10 days. After administration on day 8,all rats except blank rats were administered with 65 mg·kg~(-1)α-naphthalene isothiocyanate( ANIT) once. After the last administration,the serum levels of alanine aminotransferase( ALT),glutamine oxalacetate aminotransferase( AST),gamma-glutamyltransferase( γ-GGT),alkaline phosphatase( ALP),total bilirubin( TB) and total bile acid( TBA)were measured,and the mRNA transcription levels of Sirt1,FXR,multidrug resistant associated protein 2( MRP2),bile salt export pump( BSEP),sodium taurocholate contractible polypeptide( NTCP) in liver and apical sodium bile acid transporter( ASBT),ileum bile acid binding protein( IBABP) in ileum were detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction( RT-PCR). The protein expression levels of Sirt1,FXR and NTCP were detected by Western blot; the expression of MRP2,BSEP in liver and ASBT,IBABP in ileum were determined by immunofluorescence three staining. Primary rat hepatocytes were cultured in vitro to investigate the inhibitory effect of GPA on a potent and selective Sirt1 inhibitor( EX 527),and the mRNA and protein expression levels of Sirt1 and FXR were detected by RT-PCR and Western blot. GPA significantly decreased the levels of ALT,AST,γ-GGT,ALP,TB,TBA in serum( P<0.01) and improved the pathological damage of liver tissues in ANIT-induced cholestasis rats; significantly increased the mRNA and protein expression levels of Sirt1,FXR,MRP2,BSEP,NTCP in liver and ASBT,IBABP in ileum( P< 0.01). In vitro primary hepatocytes experiment indicated that the gene and protein expression levels of FXR and Sirt1 were noticeably improved by GPA in primary hepatocytes inhibited by EX-527( P<0.01). It was found that the improvement of GPA was in a dose-dependent manner. GPA could improve bile acid hepatointestinal circulation and play a liver protection and cholagogu role in cholestasis rats induced by ANIT.The mechanism may be that GPA activated FXR by regulating Sirt1,a key regulator of oxidative stress injury,and then the activated FXR could regulate protein of bile acid hepato-enteric circulation.
Animals ; Cholestasis ; Iridoid Glucosides ; Liver ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear ; Signal Transduction ; Sirtuin 1