Objective:To examine whether Butorphanol administered before Sufentanil can reduce hemodynamic fluctuations during the induction period in elderly patients.Methods:Sixty elderly patients with the American Society of Anesthesiologists(ASA)Ⅱ-Ⅲ scheduled for elective surgery under general anesthesia were randomly divided into two groups, with 30 patients in each group.Before anesthesia induction, patients in Group B were pretreated with Butorphanol(0.4 mg)and those in Group C were pretreated with the same volume of normal saline.Changes in blood pressure(MAP)and heart rate in the 15 min from the induction to the end of intubation were compared between the two groups.The incidences of adverse cardiovascular events requiring drug intervention and of cough during the induction period were recorded.The heart rate and blood pressure were standardized based on the mean value at 5 minutes after arterial puncture.Results:After pretreatment with Butorphanol, blood pressure experienced a less reduction in Group B than in Group C( P<0.05), and maintained at a higher level in the later period of induction( P<0.05); the decrease in heart rate was lower in Group B than in Group C( P<0.05), but the difference between the two groups was not significant in the later period of induction, while heart rate variability induced by intubation was higher in Group B than in Group C; the incidence of severe hypotension was lower in Group B than in Group C(3.3% vs.56.7%, χ2=20.23, P<0.0001); during the induction period, the incidence of cough was lower in Group B than in Group C(6.7% vs.43.4%, χ2=12.27, P=0.0005). Conclusions:Butorphanol pretreatment can reduce the incidence and severity of hypotension and the incidence of cough during the induction period in elderly patients.

Objective: Analyze the ecological adaptable regions for the resource reservation and the expanding cultiva-tion of Quisqualis indica L. Methods: The Traditional Chinese Medicine Geographic Information System (TCMGIS) was used to analyze the ecological adaptable region. Results: The 17 provinces (city, municipalities) were the ecolog-ical adaptable region for Q. indica L. The 100% ecology similarity regions are mainly in 16 provinces (city, munici-palities), including Guangxi, Guangdong, Hunan, Fujian etc., which area accounts for 1 012 895.98 km2. Among these, the area in Guangxi province is the largest (195 313.64 km2), the second is Guangdong (150 276.36 km2), the following order is Hunan(128 925.29 km2), Fujian (101 471.16 km2) and Y unnan (100 660.83 km2). The 95%~100%ecology similarity regions is located in 16 provinces (city, municipalities), including Y unnan, Sichuan, Guizhou, Hubei province etc., which area accounts for 362 366.25 km2. The largest area is in Y unnan province (92 399.04 km2), followed by Sichuan(76 122.32 km2), Guizhou (43 902.38 km2), Hubei (31 760.32 km2) and Jiangxi (29 770.09 km2). Conclusion: The results are consistent with the survey results and the previous reports. To promote the develop-ment of Q. indica L. cultivation, the planting scientifically and quality evalution should be further conducted on the basis of the results by system analysis.