As a weapon of mass destruction ,the biological weapon , composed of biological warfare agents and their re-lease devices,is characterized by strong pathogenicity , large pollution areas, various routes of infection, low cost, user-friendliness and a large number of impact factors .Although the United Nations has banned the use of biological weapons , there are still some countries and regions that continue biological weapon researches .In addition, illegal use of biological warfare agents in the field of terrorism and non-military arena poses a serious threat to public safety .Early detection of bio-logical warfare agent use and determination of its type are crucial to biological weapon defense and epidemic control .There-fore, to enhance researches on rapid detection and early warning of biological warfare agents is of great significance .This paper reviews the main technologies currently applied to the field of biological warfare agent detection and their progress .

OBJECTIVE: To explore the influencing factors and correlation of job burnout and organizational support in medical staffs. METHODS: The cluster random sampling method was used to select 1 231 medical staffs as the study subjects from 7 municipal hospitals in Zhengzhou City,Henan Province. Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey and Organizational Support Scale were used for questionnaire survey. The correlation between job burnout and organizational support was analyzed by canonical correlation analysis. RESULTS: The score of job burnout was( 36. 0 ± 14. 1),and the median score of organizational support was 72. 0, showing a negative correlation( Spearman correlation coefficient was-0. 333,P < 0. 01). There is canonical correlation between job burnout and organizational support( F = 1. 94,P <0. 01). CONCLUSION: The present situation of job burnout among medical staffs is serious. Job burnout of medical staffs can be reduced by improving their sense of organizational support.

Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury （MIRI） is one of the major complications of cardiovascular diseases in recent years， seriously threatening the life and health of patients. In recent years， although significant progress has been made in modern medical research on MIRI， due to its complex pathogenesis， adverse drug reactions， and high postoperative risks， there is an urgent need for safer and more effective therapeutic drugs. The pathological effects of MIRI involve inflammatory responses， oxidative stress， apoptosis， and other mechanisms， while Chinese medicine polysaccharide compounds exhibit pharmacological effects such as anti-inflammation， antioxidation， and anti-apoptosis， which are of great significance for improving MIRI. Numerous studies have found that Chinese medicine polysaccharide compounds mainly exert their effects by activating signal pathways such as nerve regenerative factor-1/epidermal growth factor receptor （NRG-1/ErbB）， phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/protein kinase B （PI3K/Akt）， nuclear factor E₂-related factor 2/heme oxygenase-1 （Nrf2/HO-1）， adenosine 5ʹ-monophosphate-activated protein kinase/silent information regulator 1/peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor γ coactivator lα （AMPK/SIRT1/PGC1α）， Ras homologous gene/Rho kinase （Rho/ROCK）， glycogen synthase kinase 3 （GSK-3）， and P38 mitogen-activated protein kinase （p38-MAPK）， thereby playing a role in improving MIRI. This paper， based on an extensive review of relevant literature in China and abroad， systematically summarizes the latest research findings on the use of Chinese medicine polysaccharide compounds in the treatment of MIRI， analyzes the mechanisms by which these compounds improve MIRI， and explores new therapeutic directions based on the joint investigation of signaling pathways and metabolomics. The paper emphasizes the importance of interdisciplinary cooperation in promoting the development of new drugs， aiming to provide valuable references for the basic research and clinical application of Chinese medicine polysaccharide compounds， ultimately benefiting the majority of cardiovascular disease patients.

Developing and implementing biosafety standards for pathogenic microbiology laboratories is essential to achieving scientific, efficient, and standardized management and operation. This article analyzes the current standardization construction in biosafety in pathogenic microbiology laboratories domestically and internationally. It proposes a framework for the biosafety standard system of pathogenic microbiology laboratories, which mainly includes four parts: basic standards, management standards, technical standards, and industry applications. It provides a reference for the standardization work of pathogenic microbiology laboratories and helps to standardize the biosafety industry in China.

Chronic glomerulonephritis （CGN） is a common clinical chronic glomerular disease caused by autoimmune reaction， the pathogenesis of which is complex and has not been fully elucidated. There is no specific treatment method in modern medicine. The establishment of an animal model of CGN in accordance with its characteristics in western medicine and traditional Chinese medicine will help to reveal the pathogenesis of CGN， rate drugs， and improve the treatment plan. Based on the clinical diagnostic criteria of CGN， the paper establishes the syndrome differentiation criteria of CGN for Chinese and western medicine. Through summarizing the literature on animal models of CGN and making a further analysis， it is found that the CGN models are mainly modeled using rats with the methods of single-factor induction or two-factor induction， and the main manifestation of the disease characteristics is nephritis-related symptoms. The single-factor-induced or two-factor-induced CGN rat models have a high fitting degree with the clinical characteristics in western medicine， but the fitting degree is insufficient with the clinical characteristics in traditional Chinese medicine. In addition， the CGN models with syndromes of traditional Chinese medicine are dominated by Qi deficiency in the spleen and kidney and Qi deficiency in the lung and kidney， while models for Yang deficiency in the spleen and kidney， Yin deficiency in the liver and kidney， and deficiency of both Qi and Yin are slightly insufficient. Therefore， it is important to prepare a new and improved animal model of CGN， so that a preclinical model can be provided for the exploration of the pathogenesis of CGN in western medicine and traditional Chinese medicine and its therapeutic research.

OBJECTIVES: Clarifying the expression of breast cancer receptor is the key to clinical treatment for breast cancer. This study aims to explore the correlation between X-ray and clinical characteristics of 4 molecular subtypes and their receptor types of breast cancer. METHODS: A total of 439 breast cancer patients who confirmed by pathology and performed X-ray examination were enrolled. The X-ray and clinical characteristics of 4 molecular subtypes and the expression of their receptors were analyzed. RESULTS: Luminal A type showed the highest proportion of spiculate masses, and the lowest calcification score, showing significant difference with other 3 subtypes (all CONCLUSIONS Four molecular subtypes of breast cancer and their receptor expressions are correlated with X-ray and clinical characteristics, which can provide a basis for clinical diagnosis and treatment.
Biomarkers, Tumor ; Breast Neoplasms/genetics* ; Female ; Humans ; Receptor, ErbB-2/genetics* ; Receptors, Estrogen ; Receptors, Progesterone ; X-Rays

OBJECTIVE To stu dy the effects of different processing me thods on the contents of the pharmacodynamic index components in Citrus aurantium and their antioxidant activity. METHODS According to the general principles of 2020 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia （volume Ⅳ） and the relevant processing methods in 2015 edition of Processing Specifications of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Zhejiang Province ，the samples of C. aurantium were prepared by steaming with water ，boiling with water ，stir-frying with vinegar ，stir-frying with wine ，stir-frying with bran ，processing with bran and processing with honey. The contents of moisture and ash in different products of C. aurantium were detected. The contents of naringin and neohesperidin in different products of C. aurantium were determined by high performance liquid chromatography. The antioxidant activity of different products was investigated by DPPH and ABTS + radical scavenging experiments and the total reducing power test. RESULTS The contents of moisture ，ash，naringin and neohesperidin were in line with the relevant requirements in 2015 edition of Processing Specifications of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Zhejiang Province . The content of naringin in descending order was as follow ： unprocessed sample ＞sample processed with honey ＞sample processed with bran ＞sample boiled with water ＞sample stir-fried with vinegar＞sample stir-fried with wine ＞sample stir-fried with bran ＞sample steamed with water. The content of neohesperidin in descending order was as follow ：unprocessed sample ＞sample boiled with water ＞sample processed with bran ＞sample processed with honey ＞sample stir-fried with vinegar ＞sample steamed with water ＞sample stir-fried with wine ＞sample stir-fried with bran. The samples after boiling with water ，processing with bran ，and stir-fried with bran had better DPPH radicals scavenging ability （IC50 were 7.49，8.37 and 10.22 mg/mL，respectively）. The samples after boiling with water ，steaming with water ，and processed with bran had better ABTS + radicals scavenging ability （IC50 were 1.76，2.03 and 2.72 mg/mL，respectively）. In addition ， compared with sample stir-fried with wine and processed with 发。E-mail：wanglu1286@163.com honey，unprocessed sample and other processed products of C.aurantium had bet ter total reducing ability. CONCLUSIONS After processing ，the contents of the main pharmacodynamic index components in C. aurantium have been reduced ，but they were also in line with the relevant requirements in 2015 edition of Processing Specifications of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Zhejiang Province . The antioxidant ability of some processed products has been enhanced.