Objective To investigate the effects of caudal block with lidocaine plus drugs on postoperative analgesia in children. Methods Eighty children aged 1 to 4 years old received caudal block with 1% lidocaine 1 ml/kg and were randomly allocated to 4 groups with 20 cases each. The local anesthetic solution was added fentanyl 2 μg/kg in group Ⅱ , neostigmine 2 μg/kg in group Ⅲ, tramadol 2 mg/kg in group Ⅳ or nothing in group Ⅰ. Postoperative analgesia with fentanyl (nurse controlled analgesia, NCA) was given in all patients. Pain and sedation scores were evaluated at 1, 2, 4, 6 and 24 h after surgery. The duration of caudal analgesia, fentanyl requirements, sicle effects,and discharge time were recorded. Results Duration of caudal analgesia in group Ⅳ was (510. 7±64. 9)rain, which was longer than (174.5±39. 3) rain in roup Ⅰ , (291.7 ± 50. 8) min in group Ⅱ , or (242.0±62. 8) min in group Ⅲ. The incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting was more [requent in group Ⅳ than that in the other groups(P<0. 05). Conclusion Combined 1 % lidocaine 1 ml/kg with tramadol 2 mg/kg for caudal block can provide better and longer postoperative analgesia, but with a higher incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting.

Objective To evaluate a modified operation for the treatment of urethral hymenal fusion. Methods 45 case underwent the modified meatoplasty.The key points of the operative procedure were excision of the pathological changes at the external meatus and widened the distance between the external meatus and ostium vaginae to 1.2～1.5 cm. Results 43 case (96%) have been followed up for 3～48 months with 37(86%) cured of the disease and 2(5%) patients were improved.The operation failed in 4(9%). Conclusions The modified operation was claimed to be simple and effective for the treatment of urethtal hymenal fusion.

Objective To explore the curative effect of acupuncture and ultrasonic therapy on treatment of the menopausal osteo -porosis patients who suffered from pain in waist and back .Methods 120 cases menopausal osteoporosis patients from outpatients were divided into 2 groups randomly .Acupuncture and ultrasonic therapy were used in the treatment group ,soybean isoflavone was only supplied in the control group .Then pain intension and bone density in lumbar vertebrae were observed .Results Compared with control group ,the pain in treatment group relieved more effective (P< 0 .05) .The bone density in treatment group was higher than that in control group (P< 0 .05) .The efficient of treatment group is higher than control group (P < 0 .05) .Conclusion The method of acupuncture and ultrasonic therapy can improve the bone density and relieve pain .It can treat the menopausal osteoporo-sis effectively .

Measurements were made through underwater weighing on the body compo-sition of 40 ordinary male students (Group 1) and another 50 majoring inphysical education (Group 2). Two simple equations were worked out forestimating the percentage of fat with figures of their skinfolds and circum-ferences. The average percentage of fat and lean body weight were found to be11.76% and 54.3 kg respectively for Group 1, and 9.83% and 59.7 kg forGroup 2. With F standing for the percentage of fat, t for triceps skinfold and s forsuprailiac skinfold, the equation derived from Group 1 was F=2.44523 +0.99009t + 0.46426s, and that derived from Group 2 was F=1.16283t+0.54526s--0.21702 In underwater weighing, the mean percentage of fat was 9.70 ? 2.19 with anormal amount of inhaled air and 9.24 ? 2.46 with a maximal amount. Theinsignificant difference indicates that the normal inhalation method is wor-kable and more acceptable to the subjects.

Objective To explore clinical nursing pathway(CNP) teaching method for nursing practice students.Methods Nursing practice students ( n =120 ) were randomly divided into two groups:experimental group and control group.CNP teaching method was applied in experimental group while traditional teaching method was used in control group.The test results of theory,operational skill,comprehensive quality,patient's satisfaction degree and nursing mistake between the two groups were compared.Results The results of theory,operational skill,comprehensive quality,patient's satisfaction degree in experimental group were obviously better than those in control group(P ＜0.05),the result of nursing mistake in experimental group was greatly decreased compared with that in control group(P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion CNP teaching method is superior to traditional teaching method and it greatly improve the teaching quality.

AIM:To observe the relation between astroglial activation state and ischemic tolerance in the gerbil hippocampus. METHOD: Bilateral occlusion of common carotid arteries and immunofluorescent methods in the gerbil hippocampal tissue. Slices were used. The morphological changes of the neurons were observed by light microscopy.RESULTS:Pretreatment with 2 minute bilateral carotid artery occlusion produced protective effects of CA 1 neurons. Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) staining showed weak positive cells in control group. Most of GFAP positive cells showed weak and middle positive cells after recirculation 1d and 2d following ischemic 3.5 min and preconditioning of the brain with sublethal ischemia respectively.CONCLUSION:Astroglial played an important role in cerebral ischemia. It is possible that state of astroglial activation related to neuronal survival in ischemic tolerance.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the effects of various surgical procedures on liver carcinoma accompanied by portal hypertension. MethodsOne stage surgical procedure was performed in 28 cases of liver carcinoma accompanied by portal hypertension in our department from January 1992 to June 2000. ResultsThere was no operative mortality. The postoperative complications developed in 39%(11/28). The postoperative survival rates of 1?2 and 3 years were respectively 91%, 61%, and 48%. Postoperative upper digestive tract hemorrhage developed in 9 cases, 13 cases died during follow-up period, of whom 6 cases died of the recurrence of liver carcinoma, 2 cases died of liver failure, 5 cases died of upper digestive tract hemorrhage.Conclusions The survival time can be prolonged and the postoperative complications reduced through prudent selection of surgical procedures in patients suffering from concurrent liver cancer and portal hypertension. Postoperative recurrent bleeding can be prevented by pericardial devascularization. In poor risk cases with huge carcinoma, simple surgical procedure should be applied,and with a discreet application of chemoembolization.

The method of under--water weighing was used to measure the body composition of seventeen rhythmicgymnasts and four ordinary women. The average fat percentage was found to be 19. 0% in the gymoasts and26. 4% in the non--gytnnasts. The fat oercentage in the body composition of an athlete is not directly proportional to her body weight.It is inversely proportional to her training level. Therefore, in evaluating the physical condition of an athlete,her fat percentage must be taken into account. An artistic gymnast who is reducing bodyweight shows a negative energy belance of 50. 5% and insuffi-cient intake of protein and vitamins. Reduction of bodyweight should therefore be carried out under medicalsupervision.

Objective To study the metabolic alteration in the brain of patients with cyanosed congenital heart disease (CCHD) by using 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy ( 1H MRS) and discover the pathophysiology of chronic hypoxic brain, which will help to diagnose and treat this disease completely. Methods Twenty five patients with CCHD and 25 controls were performed PRESS 1H MRS and MRI, The areas under the resonance of metabolites were measured, the ratios of the other metabolites to Cr were calculated and compared. Results In patients with CCHD, the mean value of NAA/ Cr was significantly lower than that in controls ( P 0.05). Conclusion 1H MRS can detect brain metabolic changes in patients with cyanosed congenital heart disease in vivo noninvasively and can detect the metabolism disorder of the energy and amino acid, so the pathophysiology of this disease can be understood.

Objective To investigate the expression of microRNA-34a (miR-34a) and silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1) in human lens epithelial cells under H2O2-induced oxidative stress.Methods Different concentrations of H2O2 (0 μmol · L-1,100 μ mol· L-1,200 μmol · L-1,300 μmol · L-1,and 400 μmol · L-1) were used to stimulate SRA01/04 cells for 24 hours.Cell viability was measured using cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay.Cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry.Expression levels of miR-34a/SIRT1 were measured by RT-PCR.Results CCK-8 assay showed that a certain concentration range of H2O2 had a proliferation inhibition on SRA01/04 cells.There was a dose response relationship between 100 μmol · L-1 and 400 μmol · L-1.Compared with 0 μmol · L-1 H2O2 group,the difference was statistically significant (all P ＜ 0.01).According to flow cytometry results,apoptotic rate of SRA01/04 cells in control group and H2O2(100-300 μmol · L-1) groups were (6.1 ± 1.2)％,(26.3 ± 1.8)％,(32.5 ± 2.2) ％,and (64.7 ± 5.3) ％.Compared with 0 μmol · L-1 H2 O2 group,the differences were statistically significant (all P ＜ 0.01).RT-PCR test results showed that the expression of miR-34a increased significantly in a dose-dependent manner after the SRA01/04 cells treated with different concentrations of H2O2,while SIRT1 expression level was decreased,there were significant differences compared with control group (all P ＜ 0.001).Conclusion There is a significantly increase of miR-34a and decrease of SIRT1 in human lens epithelial cells under the oxidative stress of a certain concentration of H2O2.Down-regulated expression of miR-34a can increase the survival rate of human lens epithelial cells under H2O2-induced oxidative stress.