Objective To investigate the effects of caudal block with lidocaine plus drugs on postoperative analgesia in children. Methods Eighty children aged 1 to 4 years old received caudal block with 1% lidocaine 1 ml/kg and were randomly allocated to 4 groups with 20 cases each. The local anesthetic solution was added fentanyl 2 μg/kg in group Ⅱ , neostigmine 2 μg/kg in group Ⅲ, tramadol 2 mg/kg in group Ⅳ or nothing in group Ⅰ. Postoperative analgesia with fentanyl (nurse controlled analgesia, NCA) was given in all patients. Pain and sedation scores were evaluated at 1, 2, 4, 6 and 24 h after surgery. The duration of caudal analgesia, fentanyl requirements, sicle effects,and discharge time were recorded. Results Duration of caudal analgesia in group Ⅳ was (510. 7±64. 9)rain, which was longer than (174.5±39. 3) rain in roup Ⅰ , (291.7 ± 50. 8) min in group Ⅱ , or (242.0±62. 8) min in group Ⅲ. The incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting was more [requent in group Ⅳ than that in the other groups(P<0. 05). Conclusion Combined 1 % lidocaine 1 ml/kg with tramadol 2 mg/kg for caudal block can provide better and longer postoperative analgesia, but with a higher incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting.

Objective To explore the curative effect of acupuncture and ultrasonic therapy on treatment of the menopausal osteo -porosis patients who suffered from pain in waist and back .Methods 120 cases menopausal osteoporosis patients from outpatients were divided into 2 groups randomly .Acupuncture and ultrasonic therapy were used in the treatment group ,soybean isoflavone was only supplied in the control group .Then pain intension and bone density in lumbar vertebrae were observed .Results Compared with control group ,the pain in treatment group relieved more effective (P< 0 .05) .The bone density in treatment group was higher than that in control group (P< 0 .05) .The efficient of treatment group is higher than control group (P < 0 .05) .Conclusion The method of acupuncture and ultrasonic therapy can improve the bone density and relieve pain .It can treat the menopausal osteoporo-sis effectively .

Measurements were made through underwater weighing on the body compo-sition of 40 ordinary male students (Group 1) and another 50 majoring inphysical education (Group 2). Two simple equations were worked out forestimating the percentage of fat with figures of their skinfolds and circum-ferences. The average percentage of fat and lean body weight were found to be11.76% and 54.3 kg respectively for Group 1, and 9.83% and 59.7 kg forGroup 2. With F standing for the percentage of fat, t for triceps skinfold and s forsuprailiac skinfold, the equation derived from Group 1 was F=2.44523 +0.99009t + 0.46426s, and that derived from Group 2 was F=1.16283t+0.54526s--0.21702 In underwater weighing, the mean percentage of fat was 9.70 ? 2.19 with anormal amount of inhaled air and 9.24 ? 2.46 with a maximal amount. Theinsignificant difference indicates that the normal inhalation method is wor-kable and more acceptable to the subjects.

Objective To evaluate a modified operation for the treatment of urethral hymenal fusion. Methods 45 case underwent the modified meatoplasty.The key points of the operative procedure were excision of the pathological changes at the external meatus and widened the distance between the external meatus and ostium vaginae to 1.2～1.5 cm. Results 43 case (96%) have been followed up for 3～48 months with 37(86%) cured of the disease and 2(5%) patients were improved.The operation failed in 4(9%). Conclusions The modified operation was claimed to be simple and effective for the treatment of urethtal hymenal fusion.

Objective To explore clinical nursing pathway(CNP) teaching method for nursing practice students.Methods Nursing practice students ( n =120 ) were randomly divided into two groups:experimental group and control group.CNP teaching method was applied in experimental group while traditional teaching method was used in control group.The test results of theory,operational skill,comprehensive quality,patient's satisfaction degree and nursing mistake between the two groups were compared.Results The results of theory,operational skill,comprehensive quality,patient's satisfaction degree in experimental group were obviously better than those in control group(P ＜0.05),the result of nursing mistake in experimental group was greatly decreased compared with that in control group(P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion CNP teaching method is superior to traditional teaching method and it greatly improve the teaching quality.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the effects of various surgical procedures on liver carcinoma accompanied by portal hypertension. MethodsOne stage surgical procedure was performed in 28 cases of liver carcinoma accompanied by portal hypertension in our department from January 1992 to June 2000. ResultsThere was no operative mortality. The postoperative complications developed in 39%(11/28). The postoperative survival rates of 1?2 and 3 years were respectively 91%, 61%, and 48%. Postoperative upper digestive tract hemorrhage developed in 9 cases, 13 cases died during follow-up period, of whom 6 cases died of the recurrence of liver carcinoma, 2 cases died of liver failure, 5 cases died of upper digestive tract hemorrhage.Conclusions The survival time can be prolonged and the postoperative complications reduced through prudent selection of surgical procedures in patients suffering from concurrent liver cancer and portal hypertension. Postoperative recurrent bleeding can be prevented by pericardial devascularization. In poor risk cases with huge carcinoma, simple surgical procedure should be applied,and with a discreet application of chemoembolization.

The method of under--water weighing was used to measure the body composition of seventeen rhythmicgymnasts and four ordinary women. The average fat percentage was found to be 19. 0% in the gymoasts and26. 4% in the non--gytnnasts. The fat oercentage in the body composition of an athlete is not directly proportional to her body weight.It is inversely proportional to her training level. Therefore, in evaluating the physical condition of an athlete,her fat percentage must be taken into account. An artistic gymnast who is reducing bodyweight shows a negative energy belance of 50. 5% and insuffi-cient intake of protein and vitamins. Reduction of bodyweight should therefore be carried out under medicalsupervision.

Objective To study the metabolic alteration in the brain of patients with cyanosed congenital heart disease (CCHD) by using 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy ( 1H MRS) and discover the pathophysiology of chronic hypoxic brain, which will help to diagnose and treat this disease completely. Methods Twenty five patients with CCHD and 25 controls were performed PRESS 1H MRS and MRI, The areas under the resonance of metabolites were measured, the ratios of the other metabolites to Cr were calculated and compared. Results In patients with CCHD, the mean value of NAA/ Cr was significantly lower than that in controls ( P 0.05). Conclusion 1H MRS can detect brain metabolic changes in patients with cyanosed congenital heart disease in vivo noninvasively and can detect the metabolism disorder of the energy and amino acid, so the pathophysiology of this disease can be understood.

AIM:To observe the relation between astroglial activation state and ischemic tolerance in the gerbil hippocampus. METHOD: Bilateral occlusion of common carotid arteries and immunofluorescent methods in the gerbil hippocampal tissue. Slices were used. The morphological changes of the neurons were observed by light microscopy.RESULTS:Pretreatment with 2 minute bilateral carotid artery occlusion produced protective effects of CA 1 neurons. Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) staining showed weak positive cells in control group. Most of GFAP positive cells showed weak and middle positive cells after recirculation 1d and 2d following ischemic 3.5 min and preconditioning of the brain with sublethal ischemia respectively.CONCLUSION:Astroglial played an important role in cerebral ischemia. It is possible that state of astroglial activation related to neuronal survival in ischemic tolerance.

Objective To observe the effects of electro-acupuncture on the expression and inhibition of DNA binding protein 2 (Id2) and myelin basic protein (MBP),and to explore the mechanism of remyelinization after compressive spinal cord injury (CSCI) in rats.Methods Fifty-four SD rats were randomly divided into a control group and a treatment group,and each was further subdivided into 3 time point subgroups:3,7 and 14 days.There were 9 rats in each subgroup.The CSCI models were made with a self-designed method.The acupuncture points Jiaji (EX-B2),bilateral Zusanli (ST36) and Taixi (KI3) were selected for treatment.Electro-acupuncture (continuous wave,2 Hz,1.5 V)was applied to the bilateral Zusanli (ST36) and Taixi (KI3) points.The control group received the injury but no treatment.The changes in the ultrastucture of the nerve fibers＇ white matter were de-termined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM).The alterations in the expression of MBP and Id2 were observed by double labeled immunofluorescence and Western blotting on the 3rd,7th and 14th day after the injury.Results TEM showed that the myelin sheaths in the control group had degenerated,swollen,and even broken down after CSCI.Changes to the myelin sheaths in the treatment group were milder than those in the control group.The immunofluorescence results showed the amount of Id2-immunoreactive oligodendrocytes in the control group to be (20 ±2) on the 3rd day after CSCI,becoming (16 ± 1) on the 14th day.The differences among the 3 control subgroups were not statistically significant.The amount of Id2-immunoreactive oligodendrocytes in the treatment group was (13 ± 1) on the 3rd day,reaching a minimum the 14th day.The differences among the 3 treatment groups were statistically significant.The differences compared with the control group at the same time points were also statistically significant.Western blotting showed that the expression of Id2 in the contrast and treatment groups was (1.12 ±0.12) and (0.67 ±0.01) respectively on the 3rd day after CSCI,and both decreased with time.The expression of Id2 in both groups reached their minima ((0.86 ±0.02) and (0.25 ±0.01) respectively) on the 14th day.The difference between the treatment groups and the contrast group was statistically significant at each time point.The expression of MBP in the contrast and treatment groups at day 3 was (0.44 ± 0.02) and (0.67 ± 0.04) respectively,and these increased with time.The expression of MBP in both groups peaked at the 14th day (at (0.95 ± 0.04) and (1.74 ± 0.09) respectively).These differences were again statistically significant.Conclusion Electro-acupuncture can regulate the expression of Id2 and MBP after CSCI.The down-regulation of Id2 which controls MBP negatively and the up-regulation of MBP may contribute to remyelination in the injured spinal cord.