Objective To master the prevalence of drinking-water-borne endemic fluorosis of children in the disease affected areas of Liaoning Province and to understand the effect of water improvement measures in prevention and control of fluorosis.Methods The data of 18 water improvement projects in drinking-water-borne endemic fluorosis areas of Liaoning Province from 2011 to 2016 were collected by retrospective method,and the data of dental fluorosis in children aged 8 to 12 years old were analyzed.The prevalence and detection rate of dental flaorosis in children aged 8 to 12 years old were analyzed.To compare the incidence of dental fluorosis among children from villages with qualified water fluoride and those from villages with unqualified water fluoride.Results From 2011 to 2016,in the annual survey of 18 water engineering projects in 18 monitored villages,normal operating rate was between 94.44％ (17/18)-100.00％ (18/18),water fluoride qualified rate was between 88.89％ (16/18)-100.00％ (18/18).In the monitored village,4 941 children aged 8 to 12 were examined,and the detection rate of dental fluorosis was 9.8％ (484/4 941).The dental fluorosis index was 0.19.The detection rate (14.0％,10.7％,10.7％,8.7％,6.6％,8.1％) of dental fluorosis was decreasing year by year (x2trend =24.3,P ＜ 0.05).The total detection rate of children's dental fluorosis in monitored villages (8.1％,356/4 422) with normal operation of water improvement projects and qualified water fluoride was lower than that in monitored villages with excessive water fluoride (24.7％,128/519,x2 =145.1,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion After water improvement measures are implemented in drinking water fluorosis areas of Liaoning Province,the dental fluorosis of children in the affected areas is effectively controlled,but the problem of excessive fluoride in water improvement projects still exists,and the management of water improvement projects should be strengthened in the future.

OBJECTIVE To build a standardized simulation teaching system for resident pharmacists and evaluate its effects， and to provide reference for improving the competency of resident pharmacists. METHODS The established simulation teaching system for pharmacy residents’ standardized training in the study included revising the simulation teaching syllabus， setting up simulation teaching courses， implementing the teaching method through “six types of simulations”， applying objective structured clinical examination （OSCE） for assessment， building a simulation teaching team and strengthening the simulation teaching management. The effect evaluation was perfermed with mixed research method， and qualitative and quantitative research methods were used to collect and analyze data and information. RESULTS ＆＆CONCLUSIONS Compared with the traditional teaching system， the passing rate of graduation examination （71.4% vs. 100%） and the score of after-department examination （[ 76.2±7.8） vs. （90.4±4.9）] under the simulation teaching mode were higher； through questionnaire surveys and qualitative interviews， we found that resident pharmacists who went through simulation teaching gave positive feedback on the role and impact of this system. The simulation teaching system can be used with good generalizability for the standardized training of resident pharmacists， and can provide strong basis and support for the high-quality development of hospital pharmacy.

OBJECTIVE：To provid e reference for pharmaceutical workers to better understand Novel Coronavirus Infection ： Expert Consensus on Guidance and Prevention Strategies for Hospital Pharmacists and the Pharmacy Workforce （hereinafter referred to as “expert consensus ”），and to apply and practice in specific work ，so as to give full play to the role of pharmacists to help fight the epidemic.METHODS ：The background of the formulation and revision of the expert consensus were introduced ，and its main contents and viewpoints were interpreted. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS ：The text of expert consensus is divided into 8 parts，mainly including disease diagnosis and treatment [SARS-CoV- 2 infection related background ，clinical manifestations and diagnosis， treatment]，hospital pharmacy （prevention and control strategy ，work guidance ），drug and facility support management（key drug/facility/equipment support ，management and use of the drug in special circumstances ），information sources and related resources ，etc.，which comprehensively and detailedly provide information ，guidance and strategies for coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 infection prevention and control to play the role of pharmacists in hospital pharmacy well ，do well in the protection of staff in different pharmaceutical posts ，drug security work in response to epidemic situation ，and develop pharmaceutical care. So far，the understanding of SARS-CoV- 2 in the pharmaceutical industry is relatively limited. Based on the accumulated experience and progress in epidemic prevention and control ，the expert consensus will be updated and improved continuously ，so as to provide guidance and help for hospital pharmaceutical personnel.