This paper explains most important points in the 2013 Guideline, including updated required RDI for total calorie, lfuid and macronutrients such as protein, fat and carbohydrate in neonates, especially premature infants. It also covers the ways of delivering the nutrition (enteral vs parenteral), different dairy category and the handling of possible side effect in PN. The uniifed nutrition management is important.

Catheter-related blood stream infection is the common nosocomial infection in NICU,which has high morbidity and mortality,then affects the prognosis of those hospitalized neonates.The incidence of neonatal catheter-related blood stream infection can be significantly decreased through the synthetical management and multiple-preventive intervention.

Objective To expolore the changes of coagulation index in newborns of different age and its clinical significance. Methods We studied 129 newborn infants without complication admitted to the neonatal department in an all-around hospital in Gnangzhou from January to December in 2005. These neonates were divided into two groups, including 63 cases of full-term infants and 66 cases of premature infants. Prothrombin time (PT), activated partial prothrombin time (APTT), Fibrinogen (Fg), thrombin time (TT), D-dimer (D-D) of these newborn infants were assayed on the first day, the third day and the tenth day. Results In the postnatal three periods of time, there was no difference in PT and D-dimer between two groups(P >0.05), but APTT and TT in premature infants were higher than that in full-term infants( P < 0.05), and Fg in premature infants were lower than that of full-term irfants(P<0.05). PT,APTT, TT,Ddimer were in decrease tendency and Fg increased as age increased( P < 0.05 ). Conclusion Geststional age and age had effect on coagulation index in newborn infants, and both can provide clinical references to clinical diagnosis and therapy.

Objective To evaluate the feasibility and utility of three different assays on early diagnosis and monitoring of neonatal congenital cytomegalovirus infection. Methods Ninety-eight neonates whose mother was CMV-IgM positive during pregnancy were examined on the 14th days after birth for CMV antigen in blood and PCR-CMV-DNA in the saliva. Three different methods were applied including CMV antigenemia assay, PCR for CMV-DNA and ELISA for serum CMV-IgM. Neonates were followed up for six months. Results (1) Forty-eight of the 98 neonates were diagnosed as congenital CMV infection including 7 symptomatic infection and 41 asymptomatic. None of the 98 subjects was CMV-IgM positive. Among the 7 symptomatic cases, the positive rates of CMV antigen and PCR-CMV-DNA were 100%(7), 71.4%(5), and 70.7%(29/41), 46.3%(19/41) in the asymptomatic group, respectively. The sensitivity of CMV antigenemia assay and PCR was 75.0% and 54.2%, respectively. The CMV antigenemia index of the symptomatic cases was significantly higher than that of asymptomatic ones [(16-52)/50 000 vs (3-31)/50 000 white blood cells, P

Objective:To evaluate levels of intelligence in children with ADHD. Methods:A total of 129 children with ADHD and 87 normal children were evaluated with C-WISC. Results:Full-scale IQs of most children with ADHD varied between the normal and borderline range, showing incompatible scores on VIQ and PIQ. The overall levels of intelligence of children with ADHD were found be lower than normal controls. Conclusion:There was significant difference in intellectual abilities between ADHD children and normal children.

Objective: To study the relationship between inteiligence and ADHD (attention deficiency and hyperactivity disorder) . Method: 129 children with ADHD and 87 normal control were evaluated with C- WISC. Results: The IQ of some children with ADHD was in borderline range, their performance of balance between VIQ and PIQ was poor. While the controls had normal IQ. Conclusion: The IQ of children with ADHD is lower than that of normal children, especially the balance between VIQ and PIQ.

Objective To assess the incidence of extrauterine growth retardation (EUGR) in very low birth weight (VLBW) preterm infants and to evaluate the effects of nutritional support and morbidities on EUGR.Methods Data of VLBW preterm infants ＜ 34 weeks of gestation admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) of the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University between January 1,2005 and December 31,2010 were reviewed.Those VLBW preterm infants were divided into the EUGR group (n=67) and the non-EUGR group (n=40).Perinatal data,growth data,nutritional information and morbidities were compared between the two groups.The incidence of EUGR in VLBW preterm infants was assessed and the associated risk factors were analyzed.Independent samples t,Chi-square and rank sum tests and Logistic regression analysis were used for statistical analyses.Results A total of 107 VLBW infants survived to discharge.The average gestational age in the EUGR group was much lower than that in the non-EUGR group [(30.0±2.1) weeks vs (30.9 ± 1.1) weeks,t=2.904,P=0.002].However,the incidences of small for gestational age (SGA) and maternal hypertension in the EUGR group was higher than that in the non-EUGR group [SGA:53.7％ (36/67) vs 15.0％ (6/40),x2=15.575,P ＜ 0.01; maternal hypertension:40.3％ (27/67) vs 20.0％ (8/40),x2=4.689,P=0.030].Standard deviation score (SDS) of birth weight and weight at discharge in the EUGR group was lower than that in the non-EUGR group [SDS of birth weight:(--1.9±0.8) vs (--1.1±0.7),t=5.418; weight at discharge:-2.6 (-3.0--2.0) vs-0.5 (-0.9--0.1),U=30.271; both P ＜ 0.01].The velocity of weight gain in the EUGR group was lower than that in the non-EUGR group [(12.0±4.4) g/(kg · d) vs (16.1±4.0) g/(kg · d),t=1.879,P=0.036],while the maximum percentage of weight loss and the age at maximum weight loss in the EUGR group was higher than that in the non-EUGR group [percentage of weight loss:(13.2± 1.7)％ vs (9.0± 1.6)％,t=12.832,P ＜ 0.01; age:(13.4±3.5) vs (10.9±4.3) d,t=3.113,P=0.001].The time to achieve full enteral feeds,3 g/(kg · d) protein and 120 kcal/(kg · d) calories intake were longer in than the EUGR group [(39.7 ± 8.2) vs (30.8±6.1) d,t=6.293,P=0.007; (21.4±5.8) vs (17.5±1.3) d,t=4.286,P=0.002; (28.4±6.0) vs (20.3±5.4) d,t=7.198,P=0.015; 1 kcal=4.184 k J].The cumulative caloric deficit and cumulative protein deficit in the first two weeks of life in the EUGR group were significantly higher than those in the non-EUGR group [(600.9±49.3) vs (536.4 ± 55.2) kcal/kg,t=6.082,P ＜ 0.01; (17.4 ± 0.8) vs (12.4 ± 0.8) g/kg,t=31.279,P=0.003,respectively].The incidences of late-onset infection and bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in the EUGR group was significantly higher than that in the non-EUGR group [77.6％ (52/67) vs 40.0％ (16/40),x2=15.300,P ＜ 0.01;38.8％ (26/67) vs 17.5％ (7/40),x2=5.330,P=0.040,respectively].The length of oxygen therapy and mechanical ventilation in the EUGR group were significantly longer than that in the non-EUGR group [(44.5 ±4.5) vs (32.5± 1.5) d,t=20.042,P=0.030; 9.5(6.5-44.0) d vs 6.2(5.0-35.5) d,U=19.195,P=0.004,respectively].Logistic regression analysis showed that SGA,gestational age,BPD,late-onset infection,time to achieve full enteral feeds and 3 g/(kg · d) protein intake and the cumulative caloric deficit in the first two weeks after birth were the independent risk factors for EUGR (all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions EUGR remains a serious issue in VLBW preterm infants,especially SGA,in the NICU.An early aggressive nutritional strategy,prevention of BPD and infection,and improvement of perinatal care may facilitate a reduction in the occurrence of EUGR.

Objective:To investigate the clinical application of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and the reasons of the choosing CBT.Method:Totally 14 psychotherapists accepted a semi-structured interview,including their backgrounds of CBT training,the application of CBT in psychotherapy,their attitude toward consultative relations,their opinion on comparing other schools with CBT,and their reasons for choosing CBT.Results:The main reasons for choosing CBT included the influence of important others,the characters of CBT and personal factors.In clinical practice,the most commonly used behavioral techniques included exposure therapy,roll play,relaxation Waining and so on.The most commonly used cognitive techniques included Socratic questioning,cognitive restructuring and challenge unreasonable cognition.Conclusion:Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is suitable for those who are sensible and preferring structural therapy.Nevertheless,the trend in therapy is the integration of different psychotherapy schools.

Objective To assess the growth of monochorionic diamniotic (MCDA) twins discordant for birth weight during their first 24 months of life.Methods Clinical data and growth parameters from birth to 24 months of age of 31 pairs(62 cases) of birth weight-discordant MCDA twins (≥ 25％ difference in birth weight) who were born alive in the First Affiliated Hospital,Sun Yat-sen University between January 1,2010 and June 30,2016 were retrospectively analyzed.Each pair of twins was divided into the large birth weight group (31 cases) and the small birth weight group (31 cases).All datas were statistically analyzed with Chisquare test,paired t test,analysis of variance or LSD-t test.Results (1) The incidence of birth defects and hypoproteinemia in the small birth weight group were higher than that in the large birth weight group [29.0％ (9/31) vs 0.0％ (0/31),54.8％ (17/31) vs 25.8％ (8/31);x2=8.319 and 5.429;both P ＜ 0.05].(2) The standard deviation scores (SDS) of weight,length and head circumference at birth and 1,6,12,18 and 24 months of age of the small birth weight group were lower than those of the large birth weight group [birth:(-2.00 ± 0.66) vs (-0.04±0.60),(-1.83±1.13) vs (-0.37±0.83),(-1.42±1.03) vs (0.17±0.84),t=17.214,8.390 and 7.759;1 month:(-1.77±0.81) vs (-0.60±0.65),(-2.36±1.20) vs (-0.94±0.74),(-1.71±1.26) vs (-0.44± 1.09),t=9.424,9.059 and 7.197;6 months (-1.00±0.84) vs (-0.09±0.56),(-1.31 ± 1.22) vs (-0.04±0.80),(0.30±1.51) vs (1.11 ± 1.20),t=-7.578,7.988 and 6.091;12 months:(-0.34±1.06) vs (0.47±0.79),(-1.00±0.92) vs (-0.14±0.73),(-0.16±0.76) vs (0.49±0.58),t=5.747,7.155 and 5.664;18 months:(-0.06±0.95) vs (0.74±0.66),(-0.92± 1.07) vs (-0.24±0.92),(-0.32±0.72) vs (0.29±0.66),t=6.153,4.496 and 3.877;24 months:(0.20±0.79) vs (0.88±0.62),(-0.66±0.59) vs (0.01 ±0.67),(-0.37±0.60) vs (0.34±0.68),t=5.317,4.800 and 4.905;all P ＜ 0.001].However,the changes in SDS (△ SDS) of weight,length and head circumference from birth to 24 months of age and the incidence of △ SDS ＞ 0.67 were significantly higher in the small birth weight group than those in the large birth weight group [△SDS:(2.20± 1.10) vs (0.92±0.91),(1.17± 1.21) vs (0.37± 1.14),(1.05± 1.07) vs (0.16±0.89),t=8.422,3.918 and 3.547,all P ＜ 0.001;△SDS ＞ 0.67:93.5％ (29/31) vs 61.3％ (19/31),61.3％ (19/31) vs 35.5％ (11/31),61.3％ (19/31) vs 29.0％ (9/31),x2=9.226,4.133 and 6.53 1,all P ＜ 0.05].(3) The difference in SDS for weight,length and head circumference between the large and small birth weight twins at 24 months of age were significantly lower than those at birth [(0.68 ± 0.71) vs (1.95 ± 0.63),(0.67 ± 0.77) vs (1.46± 0.97),(0.71 ± 0.80) vs (1.60±1.15);all P ＜ 0.05].Conclusions Growth differences are found between birth weight-discordant MCDA twins all the way to 24 months of age from birth at a reduced trend.

Objectives To analyze the changes of serum complement C1q level in patients with metabolic syndrome (MS) and investigate whether it is associated with lipid metabolism and glycometabolism. Methods In a cross-sectional study, the subjects were selected as the patients and healthy people who went to the second xiangya hospital of central south university from July 2017 to June 2018. A total of 152 MS patients were enrolled and another 90 healthy subjects were enrolled as control group. Anthropometry parameters such as body mass index (BMI), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were measured. Serum concentrations of C1q and other biochemical indexes including blood glucose (GLU), triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were measured in all groups. The correlations between C1q and these parameters were analyzed by spearman's rho test and the clinical value of C1q in predicting MS was further evaluated by stepwise multiple linear regression analysis. Results MS group had higher serum C1q levels (244.34±62.66) mg/L compared with the control group (202.37±35.92) mg/L (t=-6.250, P=0.000). C1q levels (244.34±62.66) mg/L were positively associated with TG levels [2.34(1.89, 3.62)] mmol/L (r=0.245, P=0.001), TC levels (4.91±1.26) mmol/L (r=0.398, P=0.000), LDL-C levels (3.23±1.03) mmol/L (r=0.325, P=0.000) in MS group, While C1q levels (258.92±69.59)mg/L were positively associated with SBP (144.76 ± 22.94) mmHg (r=0.388, P=0.018), TG levels [2.65(1.87, 3.82)] mmol / L (r=0.482, P=0.003), TC levels (5.18±1.31) mmol/L (r=0.529,P=0.001) in MS patients with obesity. The stepwise multiple regression analysis showed that TG levels were independently correlated with serum C1q levels both in MS patients (β=0.302, P=0.000) and in MS patients with obesity (β=0.653, P=0.000) after adjusting for age, gender and other biochemical markers. Conclusions MS patients had higher C1q levels than healthy subjects and serum C1q levels were closely positive related to harmful lipid profiles. Serum TG level was an independent influencing factor of serum C1q in MS patients.