Objective To investigate the efficacy of foramen magnum decompression alone and foramen magnum decompression + Syrinx-shunt in the treatment of Chiari anomalies with syringomyelia.Methods Forty-nine Chiari anomalies with syringomyelia patients were selected,28 patients performed foramen magnum decompression alone (surgical method Ⅰ group),21 patients performed foramen magnum decompression + Syrinx-shunt (surgical method Ⅱ group).The treatment efficacy was evaluated by postoperative clinical effect and MRI review.Results In surgical method Ⅰ group,effective in 18 cases,invalid in 10 cases,the effective rate was 64.3％ (18/28).In surgical method Ⅱ group,effective in 19 cases,invalid in 2 cases,the effective rate was 90.5％(19/21).There was statistical difference (x2 =4.45,P =0.034).Conclusion Foramen magnum decompression + Syrinx-shunt is effective in the treatment of Chiari anomalies with syringomyelia,which is applicable for these patients and has a more precise consequence than foramen magnum decompression alone.

Objective To analyze the complications ofventriculoperitoneal shunt in the treatment of pediatric hydrocephalus,and improve operative method,in order to reduce postoperative complications and improve the clinical curative effect.Methods A total of 39 infants with hydrocephalus who underwent adjustable shunt were retrospectively analyzed,including surgical methods,results,and complications,and put forward counter measures.Results Thirty cases of postoperative clinical symptoms obviously improved compared with preoperative,head CT review were clearly seen with ventricle retraction.Nine cases suffered with complications after operation.Obstruction of shunt tube was found in 4 cases,shunt exposed in 3 cases,and postoperative infection in 2 cases.Conclusions Ventriculoperitoneal shunt complications related to surgery itself.Improved surgical techniques,and taking appropriate treatment measures can effectively reduce the incidence of complications.

Objective:To explore the effect of cholesterol on the expression of genes for matrix synthesis and degradation of human meniscal fibrochondrocytes and its mechanism.Methods:Meniscal tissue was taken from patients undergoing arthroscopic surgery to extract fibrochondrocytes. The cells were divided into a control group in which the normal cells were not processed, a positive control group in which interleukin-1 β was used to create a degeneration model, and 2 treatment groups which were subjected to treatment with 15 and 30 μg/mL cholesterol respectively. Safranin O staining, β-galactosidase staining and enzymic kits were used to detect the morphology and total cholesterol (TCH) content of meniscal fibrochondrocytes in the 4 groups. Immunofluorescence and western blot were used to detect the protein expression of type Ⅰcollagen precursor α1 (COL1A1) and type Ⅱ collagen precursor α1 (COL2A1). RT-qPCR was used to detect the mRNA expression of COL1A1, COL2A1, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 3, MMP9, MMP13, and genes related to cholesterol efflux pathways [like liver X receptor α (LXR α), ATP binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) and ABCG1]. Results:There was no significant difference between the control and the positive control groups in the TCH content in human meniscal fibrochondrocytes ( P>0.05). The treatments with 15 and 30 μg/mL cholesterol resulted in significantly increased TCH contents in human meniscal fibrochondrocytes in the treatment groups ( P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the mRNA expression of LXR α, ABCA1 and ABCG1 was significantly decreased in the treatment groups ( P<0.05), and the meniscal fibrochondrocytes in the positive group and the treatment groups presented with a lower density, chaotic distribution and obvious signs of degradation. Compared with the control groups, the mRNA expression of matrix synthesis genes (COL1A1 and COL2A1) in the meniscal fibrochondrocytes was significantly inhibited while the mRNA expression of matrix degradation metalloenzymes (MMP3, MMP9 and MMP13) was significantly promoted ( P<0.05). Conclusion:Cholesterol may inhibit the cholesterol efflux pathways of meniscal fibrochondrocytes, and thus cause accumulation of cholesterol in the meniscal fibrochondrocytes, eventually leading to degeneration of meniscus.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the clinical efficacy of modified Zhujing Pills in the treatment of dry age-related macular degeneration(AMD)of liver and kidney insufficiency type.METHODS 64 patients with dry AMD of liver and kidney insufficiency type were randomly divided into an experimental group and a control group,32 patients each.The control group was given oral treat-ment with Laishiding capsules,and the experimental group was given oral treatment with modified Zhujing Pills granules.The treatment course for both groups was 3 months.Before and after treatment,the patients in the two groups were observed for TCM syndrome scores,visual acuity,fundus autofluorescence(AF),changes in drusen area within 5 mm of the fovea,and plasma superoxide dis-mutase(SOD),glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px)activity and malondialdehyde(MDA)levels.RESULTS After treatment,the scores of TCM syndromes in the experimental group were significantly reduced(P＜0.05,P＜0.01),and the efficacy of TCM syn-dromes was better than that of the control group(P＜0.01);the visual acuity of the patients in the experimental group was significantly improved,AF was significantly weakened and the area of drusen was reduced(P＜0.05,P＜0.01),which were better than those in the control group(P＜0.05);the plasma SOD and GSH-Px activities of the experimental group were increased,and the MDA level was significantly lowered(P＜0.05,P＜0.01),which were better than the control group(P＜0.05).CONCLUSION Modified Zhujing Pills can reduce fundus AF intensity,decrease macular drusen area,improve visual acuity,and reduce TCM syndrome scores in pa-tients with dry AMD.The therapeutic mechanism may be related to its antioxidant effect.

BACKGROUND:Apoptosis of islet cel s is closely related to the long-term hyperglycemia-and hyperlipemia-induced injuries. OBJECTIVE:To observe the effect of Shizidaiping formula on the apoptosis and insulin secretion in MIN6 cel s under the high glucose and lipid environment, and to explore the protective effect of Shizidaiping formula and the related apoptosis mechanism. METHODS:MIN6 cel s were divided into normal, model, melbine, low-, medium-and high-dose Shizidaiping formula groups. The cel activity was examined by cel counting kit-8, the insulin secretion was measured by ELISA, the rate of apoptosis was measured by Annexin V-FITC&PI and the expression levels of MEK1/2, ERK1/2 and p-ERK1/2 were examined by western blot assay. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Shizidaiping formula significantly improved MIN6 cel activity under high glucose and lipid condition (P<0.05), decreased early cel apoptosis, increased the level of insulin stimulated by low glucose in cel supernatant (P<0.05), and improved the expression levels of MEK1/2, ERK1/2 and p-ERK1/2 (P<0.05). These results suggest that Shizidaiping formula can protect islet cel s from hyperglycemia and hyperlipemia damage by improving the activity of MIN6 cel s, reducing the insulin secretion and inhibiting the apoptosis of pancreaticβcel s in MIN6 cel s.

Objective: To explore the present perceptions of patient-empowering nurse behaviours, self-efficacy and patient activation among patients with chronic diseases, and analyze the influencing mechanism among these three variables. Methods: Using convenient sampling method, a total of 485 inpatients with chronic diseases were sampled from two tertiary comprehensive hospitals in Guangzhou on the day of discharge between March and October 2017. They were surveyed with the demographic questionnaire, Patient Perceptions of Patient-Empowering Nurse Behaviours Scale , Chronic Disease Self-Efficacy Scale and Patient Activation Measure. Results: Empowerment could positively predict self-efficacy (β=0.402, P<0.01) and patient activation (β=0.169, P<0.01). Self-efficacy could also positively predict patient activation (β=0.887, P<0.01). And self-efficacy, of which the effect accounted for 67.87% of the total effect, played a partial intermediary role between empowerment and patient activation. Conclusions To improve patient activation, empowerment and self-efficacy should be both emphasized and applied by the nurses, so that patients can move smoothly from a care receiver before discharge to one of self-management.

Chronic endometritis (CE) is one of the common diseases in women of reproductive age, belonging to pelvic inflammatory disease, and characterized by a persistent localized inflammatory state of the endometrium. Clinically, CE often presents as asymptomatic or with atypical symptoms, leading to frequent neglect by obstetricians and gynecologists. In recent years, the incidence of CE has been increasing annually and has become a significant cause of unexplained infertility, recurrent implantation failure, and miscarriage in women. It also plays a crucial role in influencing the outcomes of assisted reproductive technologies. Therefore, safe, effective, and non-invasive diagnostic and therapeutic methods have garnered increasing attention. This article comprehensively elaborated on the etiology, latest diagnostic methods, and multidimensional treatment modalities of CE, providing novel insights into its diagnosis and treatment.

Dermatomyofibroma is a benign and rare proliferation of myofibroblasts and fibroblasts of the skin.Dermatomyofibroma commonly locates at the shoulder and neck of young adults and adolescents.Other frequently affected anatomic sites are upper arms,thigh,chest wall,back,axillary region and abdomen.Herein,we reported a case of dermatomyofibroma occurred in the nasion.The asymptomatic firm nodule and histopathological features were consistent with dermatomyofibroma.Immunohistochemically,the tumor cells expressed vimentin,HHF35 and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA).The patient was followed up for 2 years after excision of the tumors and recurrences were not observed.

Tumor cells and tumor microenvironment (TME) are closely related. It is known that many factors will change the TME, then affect tumor development, however the change of TME is also inseparable from tumor cells. More and more studies have confirmed that the regulation of TME is the key to anti-tumor therapy. Therefore, it is critical to understand the effect of tumor cells on TME.

OBJECTIVE To analyze the evolution of the transition from unicellular organisms to multicellular organisms from a phylogenetic stratigraphy perspective, combining the "cancer atavism hypothesis". To investigate the evolutionary chronology of cancer-related genes to guide research on cancer mechanisms and the development of treatment strategies. METHODS Phylostratr was used to identify the systematic evolutionary strata of all human protein-coding genes, housekeeping genes, cancer driver genes, tumor suppressor genes, oncogenes, neutral genes, and differentiation genes. Differential distribution of genes from different functional categories and human protein-coding genes was analyzed using log-odds ratios and hypergeometric distributions. TCGA was utilized to investigate transcriptional expression datas in cancer tumor samples and normal samples, and calculations and analysis were performed using transcriptome age index. RESULTS A total of 20291 protein-coding genes were classified into 27 different strata based on the farthest homologous species in the sequence alignment results. Within the phylogenetic stratigraphic structure, the datasets of 4159 housekeeping genes, 527 cancer driver genes, 87 tumor suppressor genes, 134 oncogenes, 10755 neutral genes, and 4274 differentiation genes exhibit distinct distribution patterns. The overall distribution of these genes significantly differs from that of all human protein-coding genes. Cancer-related genes exhibited a more ancient phylogenetic stratigraphic distribution. Transcriptome age index results for bile duct cancer, colon cancer, lung cancer, liver cancer, head and neck cancer, and kidney chromophobe samples showed strong expression of highly conserved and ancient genes within the tumors. CONCLUSION Cancer-related genes exhibit older evolutionary origins within the phylogenetic context suggesting a more conserved function during species evolution. And the phenomenon of enhanced expression of highly conserved ancient genes in tumor tissues can be used to explore tumor gene expression patterns, and provide new ideas for the discovery of new anti-tumor drug targets and drug research.