OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for the approval of Chinese medicines’patent application in the United States. METHODS:The requirements of patent eligibility in the United States were interpreted;two important patent cases(“Mayo case”and“Myriad case”)were analyzed in recent years,and the effects of“patent eligibility guideline”on Chinese medicines’patent ap-plication in the United States were also analyzed;the suggestions were put forward according to the situation of Chinese medicines’ patent application. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS:Patent eligibility required that patent protection objects should be included in ob-ject range which could be vested patent right stated in patent law. The analysis of“Mayo case”“Myriad case”and patent eligibility guideline indicated that if related Chinese medicines’patent was to obtain patent approval in the United States,notable difference between the medicine and natural products as well as the order of nature must be clearly stated;technical attributes should be em-phasized,and different patent application ideas were adopted for different types of invention in order to guarantee patent eligibility. At present,small number of Chinese medicine’s patent in the United States come from China,and relevant enterprises should liber-ate themselves from the misperception that Chinese medicines do not hold patent eligibility. Hence,it is suggest that the first claim in the patent should not be too definite in Chinese medicines’patent application,afford more comprehensive application,strength-en patent protection of classic Chinese medicine recipe and stress patent eligibility.

At present, there are many effective ways to achieve high performance in cluster system storage management, including server-end disk, server-end caching, local caching and cooperative caching. The cooperative caching mechanism shares caches among different clients so as to avoid expensive disk access costs and to improve overall throughput of cluster system. In this paper, a Single Copy Cooperative Cache model is proposed together with block lookup algorithm, block replacement algorithm and the consistency algorithm based on the model. Meanwhile, the prototype system of the model is implemented in PVFS file system. Finally, the performance of this system is tested in InfiniBand Framework, the result of which shows that in contrast to the original PVFS system, read performance of PVFS file system is improved by about two times, while write performance is reduced by nearly ten percent.

Objective To investigate the effect of different pressure CO 2 pneumoperitoneum on early postoperative cognitive function in female patients undergoing gynecological laparoscopic sur-gery.Methods Ninety female patients,aged 40-60 years,ASA physical status Ⅰor Ⅱ,scheduled for elective gynecological laparoscopic surgery,were randomly divided into three groups (n = 30). The pressure of CO 2 pneumoperitoneum were set at 6-8,9-1 1 and 12-14 mm Hg in groups L,M and H,respectively.All of the patients were tested by the neuropsychology and questionnaire review to estimate whether the patient got cognitive decline at 24 h before the operation.The venous blood sam-ples 10 minutes before anesthesia (T1 ),at the end of surgery (T2 ),6 hours after surgery (T3 ),24 hours after surgery (T4 )and 72 hours after surgery (T5 )were collected for determination of serum concentrations of NSE and S100βprotein.The pH,PaCO 2 and PaO 2 were recorded before anesthesia (Ta ),before pneumoperitoneum (Tb ),1 hour after pneumoperitoneum (Tc ),2 hours after pneumo-peritoneum (Td )and 1 hour after stopping pneumoperitoneum (Te ).Results Scores of these tests in three groups were not different and there was no patient with cognitive decline after surgery.Com-pared with group H,the concentration of NSE at T2 and T3 was significantly lower in groups L and M (P <0.05).Compared with group H,the concentration of S100βprotein at T2 was significantly lower in groups L and M (P <0.05).Compared with group L,pH at Tc and Td was significantly decreased in groups M and H (P <0.05).Compared with group L,PaCO 2 was significantly increased at Tc-Te in groups M and H (P <0.05).Conclusion Different pressure of CO 2 pneumoperitoneum has no ob-vious effect on the early cognitive function,but low (6-8 mm Hg)CO 2 pneumoperitoneum can reduce the release of NSE and S100βprotein after operation.

Objective To investigate the effect of different pressure CO2 pneumoperitoneum on function of liver and kidney in patients undergoing laparoscopic gastrectomy.Methods A total of sixty pa-tients,aged 40-65 years,scheduled for elective laparoscopic gastrectomy were randomly divided into three groups (n=20).The pressures of CO2 pneumoperitoneum were set at 6-8,9-11 and 12-14 mm Hg in group L,group M and group H respectively.The venous blood samples before pneumoperitoneum (T1 ),1 hour after pneumoperitoneum(T2 ),2 hour after pneumoperitoneum (T3 ),1 hour(T4 )and 24 hours(T5 )after stopping pneumoperitoneum were collected for determination of serum concentrations of NAG,Cys-C, ALT,AST,Cr,BUN and the amount of urine.pH,PaCO2 ,PaO2 were recorded at T1-T4 .Results ALT, AST,Cr and BUN were not different at T1-T5 in the three groups.Compared with group L,the concentra-tion of NAG and Cys-C at T2-T5 were significantly higher in the group M and H (P <0.05).Compared with group L,the amount of urine at T2-T5 was significantly lower in the group M and H (P <0.05 ), PaCO2 was significantly increased in the group H and M at T2-T4 (P <0.05).Conclusion The pressure of 6-8 mm Hg CO2 pneumoperitoneum can alleviate the damage of function of liver and kidney in patients un-dergoing laparoscopic gastrectomy.

Objective To investigate and summarize the MRI characteristics of splenic sclerosing angiomatoid nodular transformation (SANT).Methods A retrospective analysis of 5 SANT cases were analyzed,in terms of their MRI characteristics and pathological findings.Results MRI findings of SANT included:T1WI presents iso-signal or slightly low signal,all displayed lesions were detected as low signal compared with spleen,but higher than muscle signal on T2 WI,and with speck dots or starlike low signal in the central area,without necrosis and cystic change.The signal was significantly differentiated compared with the spleen on DWI.On chemical shift imaging,2 cases were showed slightly higher signal on out phase,the others without signal change.On enhanced scan,4 cases had edge obvious enhancement on arterial phase,inward filling enhancement,and the signal was higher than the spleen,1 case without arterial phase enhancement,but with mild concentric delayed enhancement.All of the speck dots and starlike areas decreased with time delay,with certain degree enhancement on delayed phase.Conclusions There were some MRI features of SANT,preoperative MRI can prompt diagnosis,but final diagnosis depends on pathology.

As a member of the class IIa histone deacetylases (HDACs), HDAC9 catalyzes the deacetylation of histones and transcription factors, commonly leading to the suppression of gene transcription. The activity of HDAC9 is regulated transcriptionally and posttranslationally. HDAC9 is known to play an essential role in regulating myocyte and adipocyte differentiation and cardiac muscle development. Also, recent studies have suggested that HDAC9 is involved in the pathogenesis of chronic diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, osteoporosis, autoimmune disease, cancer, obesity, insulin resistance, and liver fibrosis. HDAC9 modulates the expression of genes related to the pathogenesis of chronic diseases by altering chromatin structure in their promotor region or reducing the transcriptional activity of their respective transcription factors. This review summarizes the current knowledge of the regulation of HDAC9 expression and activity. Also, the roles of HDAC9 in the pathogenesis of chronic diseases are discussed, along with potential underlying mechanisms.

Bisecting N-acetylglucosamine(GlcNAc),a GlcNAc linked to the core β-mannose resi-due via a β1,4 linkage,is a special type of N-glycosylation that has been reported to be involved in various biological processes,such as cell adhesion and fetal development.This N-glycan structure is abundant in human trophoblasts,which is postulated to be resistant to natural killer cell-mediated cytotoxicity,enabling a mother to nourish a fetus without rejection.In this study,we hypothesized that the human amniotic membrane,which serves as the last barrier for the fetus,may also express bisected-type glycans.To test this hypothesis,glycomic analysis of the human amniotic membrane was performed,and bisected N-glycans were detected.Furthermore,our pro-teomic data,which have been previously employed to explore human missing proteins,were ana-lyzed and the presence of bisecting GlcNAc-modified peptides was confirmed.A total of 41 glycoproteins with 43 glycopeptides were found to possess a bisecting GlcNAc,and 25 of these gly-coproteins were reported to exhibit this type of modification for the first time.These results provide insights into the potential roles of bisecting GlcNAc modification in the human amniotic membrane,and can be beneficial to functional studies on glycoproteins with bisecting GlcNAc modifications and functional studies on immune suppression in human placenta.

Objective To investigate the effect of different pressure CO2pneumoperitoneum on postoperative gastroeuteric function in female patients undergoing gynecological laparoscopic surgery. Methods A total of 120 female patients,aged 30-60 years,ASA physical status Ⅰ or Ⅱ,scheduled for elective gynecological laparoscopic surgery were randomly into three groups (n=40 in each).The pressure of CO2pneumoperitoneum were set at 6-8,9-11 and 12-14 mm Hg in group L,group M and group H,respectively.All patients were detected on an empty stomach of serum concentrations of D-lactic acid 6 hours before operation and after opration.In addition,pH,PaCO2and PaO2were recor-ded before anesthesia (T1),before pneumoperitoneum (T2),1 hour after pneumoperitoneum (T3)2 hours after pneumoperitoneum (T4)and 1 hour (T5)after stopping pneumoperitoneum.The time of pneumoperitoneum,the time of first flatus,intake and defecation,length of primary hospital stays after operation were recorded.Results Compared with 6 hours before operation,the serum concen-trations of D-lactic acid were obviously increased at postoperative 6 hours in all groups (P<0.05). Compared with group L,the serum concentrations of D-lactic acid at 6 hours after operation were ob-viously increased in group M and group H (P<0.05).PaO2in three groups was not different at T1-T5.Compared with group L,pH at T3,T4was significantly decreased in group M and group H (P<0.05).Compared with group L,PaCO2was significantly increased at T3-T5in group M and group H (P<0.05 ).Compared with group L,the time of first flatus,intake and defecation,length of primary hospital stays after operation were obviously delayed in group M and group H(P<0.05). Conclusion The low pressure of CO2pneumoperitoneum can reduce the damage of CO2pneumoper-itoneum on postoperative gastroeuteric function and avail the recovery of parents’postoperative gas-troeutericfunction in female patients undergoing gynecological laparoscopic surgery.

Objective To investigate the predictive value of D-dimer for early neurological deteriora- tion (END) in patients with acute ischemic stroke. Methods Patients with acute ischemic stroke admitted to the Department of Neurology, the Second People ' s Hospital of Shenzhen between January 2015 and December 2017 were enrolled retrospectively. END was defined as an increase ≥2 in the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score or an increase ≥1 in the motor function score within 7 days after admission compared with the baseline score. Demographics, baseline clinical data, and primary treatment options during hospitalization were compared between the END group and the non-END groups. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to determine the independent risk factors for END. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to analyze the predictive value of D-dimer for END. Results A total of 625 patients were enrolled in the study, including 40 in the END group (including 3 deaths) and 585 in the non-END group. The mean hospital stay, international normalized ratio, D-dimer, uric acid, NIHSS score and modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score at admission, and the proportion of patients with complete anterior circulation infarction, large atherosclerotic stroke, and pulmonary infection were significantly higher than those in the non-END group (all P < 0. 05). There was no significant difference in the proportion of patients receiving thrombolysis, antiplatelet,anticoagulation, and statins between the two groups. ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the curve of D-dimer predicting END was 0. 810 (95％ confidence interval [CI] 0. 736-0. 884; P < 0. 001); the optimal cut-off value was 2. 35 mg/L, and the sensitivity and specificity were 54. 74％ and 96. 13％ respectively. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that large atherosclerotic stroke (odds ratio [OR] 1. 115, 95％ CI 1. 005-1. 390; P = 0. 003 ), D-dimer ≥2. 35 mg/L (OR 1. 055,95％ CI 1. 012-1. 150; P = 0. 001 ), NIHSS score at admission (OR 1. 191, 95％ CI 1. 006-1. 410; P <0. 001), mRS score > 1 at admission (OR 1. 755, 95％ CI 1. 139-3. 656; P = 0. 037 ), and pulmonary infection (OR 2. 598, 95％ CI 1. 132-3. 081; P = 0. 012) were the independent risk factors for END in patients with acute ischemic stroke. Conclusion D-dimer ≥2. 35 mg/L at admission has higher predictive value for END in patients with acute ischemic stroke.

Objective Comparation of the effects of intravenous lidocaine and dexmedetomidine on coughing during extubation after endoscopic thyroidectomy. Methods 60 patients who underwent endoscopic thyroidectomy were randomly divided into group L, group D and group C, each group included 20 cases. Group L were given a loading lidocaine 1.5 mg/kg over 10 minutes before anesthesia induction, followed by a continuous intravenous lidocaine 1.5 mg/ (kg·h) until 30 min before the end of surgery. Group D were given a loading dexmedetomidine 0.5μg/kg over 10 minutes before anesthesia induction, followed by a continuous intravenous dexmedetomidine 0.4 μg/ (kg · h) until 30 min before the end of surgery. Group C were given intravenous infusion of equal volume normal saline. The incidence and severity of coughing were recorded within 2 minutes after extubation. Hemodynamic variables were measured at T0 (before anaesthesia induction) , T1 (immediately after extubation) , and T2 (5 min after extubation). The volume of drainage was recorded within 24 hours after surgery. Results The incidence and grade of cough were significantly lower in group L and group D than in group C (P < 0.05). Compared with group L and group D, MAP and HR were significantly increased in group C at T1 and T2 (P < 0.05). Compared with group C, the volume of drainage was significantly reduced in group L and group D within 24 hours after surgery (P < 0.05).Conclusion Intravenous lidocaine and dexmedetomidine can effectively inhibit coughing during extubation period after endoscopic thyroidectomy, and there is no significant difference between the two treatments.