Pial arteriovenous fistulas (pAVF) are rare vascular lesions consisting of one or more arterial connections to a single venous channel without any intervening nidus of vessels or capillaries. Case 1: A 65-year-old woman with a complaint of headache and left hand paresthesia was referred to us. Magnetic resonance imaging showed a large saccular lesion with signal void in the posterior part of the right sylvian fissure and catheter angiography showed a giant venous aneurysm fed by one branch of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) and draining into the vein of Trolard. Case 2: A 12-year-old boy was transferred to our hospital with a history of sudden loss of consciousness and hemiplegia. Brain computed tomography revealed a massive hemorrhagic mass in the right hemisphere and cerebral angiography showed a pAVF with a large aneurysmal varix, which was fed by multiple branches of the right MCA and draining into the superior sagittal sinus. Both patients underwent craniotomy and after ligation of vascular connections, aneurysmal varices were removed completely. Surgical resection can be a safe method for treatment of pAVFs, particularly in those with large varices.
Aged ; Aneurysm ; Angiography ; Arteriovenous Fistula* ; Brain ; Capillaries ; Catheters ; Cerebral Angiography ; Child ; Craniotomy ; Female ; Hand ; Headache ; Hemiplegia ; Humans ; Ligation ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Microsurgery ; Middle Cerebral Artery ; Paresthesia ; Superior Sagittal Sinus ; Unconsciousness ; Varicose Veins* ; Veins

STUDY DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. PURPOSE: In this study, we investigated the frequency of vertebral endplate Modic changes (MCs) and their effects on surgical outcomes in patients with unstable lumbar spines. OVERVIEW OF LITERATURE: Signal changes in endplates have been classified into three types by Modic. The prognostic role of MCs has been investigated in various spinal disorders. METHODS: A series of 70 patients with clinical and radiographic unstable lumbar spine were included in the study. Endplate signal intensity was determined according to Modic classification. All patients underwent instrumented posterolateral fusion. Functional evaluation was made using the visual analog scale (VAS) and Oswestry disability index (ODI). RESULTS: Eighteen patients (26%) had normal endplate intensity, 31 patients (44%) had MC type I, 20 patients (28%) had MC type II, and one patient (1.4%) had MC type III. Pain level VAS and ODI decreased significantly from the preoperative evaluation to the six-month and one-year postoperative evaluations. The surgical outcome (VAS and ODI) was not significantly different between the various types of MC. CONCLUSIONS: Posterolateral fusion is an effective treatment in patients with unstable lumbar spines. MC do not have a significant effect on the surgical outcome of these patients.
Classification ; Cohort Studies ; Humans ; Intervertebral Disc Degeneration ; Prospective Studies ; Spinal Fusion ; Spine* ; Visual Analog Scale