The mechanism of serotonin(5-HT) induced contraction and Ca++ mobilization was investigated in right cut from rat aorta. Since it is known that 5-HT can interact with alpha-adrenoceptors in addition to a specific action on 5-HT receptors, the effects alpha-adrenoceptors antagonists on these contractile responses to 5-HT were investigated. The results are as follows : 1) 5-HT produced a strong transient contraction and a concentration dependent contraction. 2) The contractile tension to 5-HT increased with extracellular Ca++ concentration (0.1-5mM). 3) The response produced by rings exposed to Ca++-free PSS was significantly weaker than that produced by rings exposed to calcium containing PSS. When rings of aorta that had been stimulated with 5-HT once for 30 min in Ca++-free TBT were washed 4 times for at least; 20 min in zero Ca++PSS to remove 5-HT, than reexposed to 5-HT in Ca++-free TBT, a phasic contraction was not seen during the second stimulation with 5-HT. 4) The contractile response of 5-HT was inhibited by alpha-adrenergic receptor blocker, phenoxybenzamine and phentolamine. Phentolamine(10(-8)M) antagonized response to high concentrations of 5-HT but responses to low concentrations of 5-HT were not antagonized. 5) The contraction induced by 5-HT in Ca++-free PSS was investigated with phentolamin, methysergide. It was blocked by methysergide but not blocked by phentolamine. 6) These results suggest that 5-HT -induced contraction is the effect of both transmembrane Ca++ influx and the mobilization of intracellular Ca++. Low concentration of 5-HT act on specific 5-HT receptors but high concentration of 5-HT also act on alpha-adreno-receptors.
Animals ; Aorta* ; Calcium ; Methysergide ; Phenoxybenzamine ; Phentolamine ; Rats* ; Receptors, Adrenergic ; Receptors, Serotonin ; Serotonin

A retrospective review was performed in 33 knees of 30 patients who had undergone arthroscopic debridement for degenerative osteoarthritis of the knee. The mean age of the patients at operation was 55 years and the mean follow-up after operation was 15 months. We divided the knec:s into 2 groups; meniscectomy group (23 knees) and non-meniscectomy group (10 knees). The preoperative radiographic findings were divided into 3 groups according to the classification systern by Lotke et al. The postoperative results were evaluated using the nine-point scale by Baumgaertner et al. Our study was conducted to: 1) assess the overall efficacy of arthroscopic debridement, 2) compare the results between the. Meniscectomy group and nonmeniscectomy group, and 3) identify the relationship between the preoperative radiographic findings and out- come at the final follow-up time. Overall excellent or good results were ac.hieved in 22 knees (67%) and the preoperative radiographic findings correlated with the outcome at the final follow-up time. But the results in the meniscectomy and non-meniscectomy poups showed no significant differences statistically. We believe that arthroscopic debridement is an effective option of treatments for mild I:o moderate degenerative arthritis of the knee after failure of conservative measures.
Classification ; Debridement* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Knee* ; Osteoarthritis* ; Retrospective Studies

The presence of epicanthal folds in Asian eyelids is one of their unique features, in combination with the lack of supratarsal folds. Western culture has influenced many people to prefer to eliminate the prominent epicanthal fold. A number of surgical techniques have been suggested for their correction. However, difficulty with design, excessive and prominent scarring of medial canthal and nasal area, recurrence, and rigidity of application are potential problems associated with many procedures. This paper describes a epicanthoplasty with three-dimensional Z-plasty. Through epicanthal fold incision, the medial canthal tecdon is medially advanced and sutured to the periosteum of nasal bone. After the transposition of the flaps, trimming of the flap is usually required. Three-dimensional Z-plasty crates the attactive eyes. From March, 1995 to March, 1997, the technique was applied to 37 patients with epicanthal fold and was performed with or without double-fold operation. There were 34 females and 3 males with ages ranging from 17 to 30 years. Through 2 years follow-up, this techniques has delivered esthetically good results with minimal postoperative scar and could made the reduction of ICD from 40 +/- 2.13mm to 34 +/- 1.98mm. The advantages of epicanthoplasty procedure using three-dimensional Z-plasty(Yoon's method) are as follows; 1) simple in design 2) minimal postoperative scar in the medial canthal area 3) versatile in its application 4) no recurrence 5) no hypertrophic scar 6) preserving ethnic identity.
Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Cicatrix ; Cicatrix, Hypertrophic ; Eyelids ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Nasal Bone ; Periosteum ; Recurrence

No abstract available.
Intestinal Atresia*

Isoimmune hemolytic disease of the newborn due to anti-E is a disease characterized by the progressive neonatal hyperbilimbinemia and anemia which is caused by the IgG antibody transmitted from the mother to the ferns. Authors have experienced two cases of isoimmune hemolytic disease due to anti-E, who presented with jaundice on the first and the second day of life, respectively. The ABO and Rh blood types of their mother and father were B, CcDee and O, ccDEE, respectively. Both babies showed positive direct Coombs test and the mother showed strong positive indirect Coombs test. Antibody identification tests were made only in the first case and the mother, both of which revealed anti-E antibody. The first case was treated with phototherapy for 3 days and two blood transfusions. The second case was treated with phototherapy for 6 days and two exchange transfusions.
Anemia ; Blood Transfusion ; Coombs Test ; Fathers ; Ferns ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin G ; Infant, Newborn ; Jaundice ; Mothers ; Phototherapy ; Siblings*

PURPOSE: Excessive amounts of glutamate are released into the extracelluar space during hypoxia/ischemia and contribute to neuronal injury through overactivation of the NMDA receptors. It will be expected that the changes of the NMDA receptors to decrease the injury are developed as a kind of defense mechanism. The NMDA receptors are composed of NR1 and NR2, and there are four NR2 subunits; NR2A, NR2B, NR2C, and NR2D. The NR1 is essential for the function of the NMDA receptors and multiple NR2 subunits potentiate and differentiate the function of the NMDA receptors. The NR2 subunits alone show no ability to respond to several agonists, however when coexpressed with the NR1, the NR2 subunits markedly potentiated the NR1 activity and produced functional variability of the NMDA receptors. Compared with the NR2C and the NR2D, the NR2A and the NR2B show prominent expression in the hippocampus. In an in vitro model of rat hippocampal slices after hypoxia, we investigated the changes of the NR2A and the NR2B amounts through immunoblot with anti-NR2A and anti-NR2B antisera. METHODS: Hippocampi from adult rats(Sprague Dawley) were isolated and sliced into a 500 m section in a glucose containing artificial CSF medium on ice. In order to induce a hypoxia, sample slices were treated with 95% N2/5% CO2 for 10 min, 20 min, 30 min, and 60 min, respectively and control slices were treated with 95% O2/5% CO2 to supply sufficient oxygen as the same way. And then the control and the sample slices were homogenated and 40 g of each homogenates were electrophoresed in a 6% SDS-gel, transfered to nitrocellulose, and immunostained with anti-NR2A and anti-NR2B antisera. RESULTS: 1) Anti-NR2A antisera were produced by recombinant DNA technology. 2) The NR2A and the NR2B were enriched in the order of PSD, synaptosome and brain homogenate. 3) There was no difference of the NR2A and the NR2B expression in both control and experimental group. CONCLUSIONS: At least up to one hour after hypoxic damage, it is likely that there is no prominent changes of the NR2A and the NR2B amounts. Considering that the changes could occur locally or microscopically in this experimental protocol, the relative amounts of the NR2A and the NR2B in the hippocampal homogenates are too small to be detected by immunoblot analyses. And we can not exclude the possibility of no changes in one hour after hypoxia, if these changes evolve with a extremely slow progression.
Adult ; Animals ; Anoxia ; Brain ; Collodion ; DNA, Recombinant ; Glucose ; Glutamic Acid ; Hippocampus ; Humans ; Ice ; Immune Sera ; Infant, Newborn ; N-Methylaspartate* ; Neurons ; Oxygen ; Rats* ; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate ; Synaptosomes

PURPOSE: Excessive amounts of glutamate are released into the extracelluar space during hypoxia/ischemia and contribute to neuronal injury through overactivation of the NMDA receptors. It will be expected that the changes of the NMDA receptors to decrease the injury are developed as a kind of defense mechanism. The NMDA receptors are composed of NR1 and NR2, and there are four NR2 subunits; NR2A, NR2B, NR2C, and NR2D. The NR1 is essential for the function of the NMDA receptors and multiple NR2 subunits potentiate and differentiate the function of the NMDA receptors. The NR2 subunits alone show no ability to respond to several agonists, however when coexpressed with the NR1, the NR2 subunits markedly potentiated the NR1 activity and produced functional variability of the NMDA receptors. Compared with the NR2C and the NR2D, the NR2A and the NR2B show prominent expression in the hippocampus. In an in vitro model of rat hippocampal slices after hypoxia, we investigated the changes of the NR2A and the NR2B amounts through immunoblot with anti-NR2A and anti-NR2B antisera. METHODS: Hippocampi from adult rats(Sprague Dawley) were isolated and sliced into a 500 m section in a glucose containing artificial CSF medium on ice. In order to induce a hypoxia, sample slices were treated with 95% N2/5% CO2 for 10 min, 20 min, 30 min, and 60 min, respectively and control slices were treated with 95% O2/5% CO2 to supply sufficient oxygen as the same way. And then the control and the sample slices were homogenated and 40 g of each homogenates were electrophoresed in a 6% SDS-gel, transfered to nitrocellulose, and immunostained with anti-NR2A and anti-NR2B antisera. RESULTS: 1) Anti-NR2A antisera were produced by recombinant DNA technology. 2) The NR2A and the NR2B were enriched in the order of PSD, synaptosome and brain homogenate. 3) There was no difference of the NR2A and the NR2B expression in both control and experimental group. CONCLUSIONS: At least up to one hour after hypoxic damage, it is likely that there is no prominent changes of the NR2A and the NR2B amounts. Considering that the changes could occur locally or microscopically in this experimental protocol, the relative amounts of the NR2A and the NR2B in the hippocampal homogenates are too small to be detected by immunoblot analyses. And we can not exclude the possibility of no changes in one hour after hypoxia, if these changes evolve with a extremely slow progression.
Adult ; Animals ; Anoxia ; Brain ; Collodion ; DNA, Recombinant ; Glucose ; Glutamic Acid ; Hippocampus ; Humans ; Ice ; Immune Sera ; Infant, Newborn ; N-Methylaspartate* ; Neurons ; Oxygen ; Rats* ; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate ; Synaptosomes

Proximal femoral nail anti-rotation (PFNA) with a lag screw that is shaped like a spiral blade shape is an orthopedic implant to fix trochanteric fractures of the proximal femur. In addition the reason of the biomechanical advantages, PFNA widely been used recently. We report an 83-year-old man with excessive sliding of the helical blade and a femoral neck fracture after AO/OTA type A2 intertrochanteric fracture, which was fixed with a PFNA.
Femoral Neck Fractures ; Femur ; Femur Neck ; Hip Fractures ; Nails ; Orthopedics

Seidel nail is one of locked humeral nail and Seidel himself reported excellent result in his preliminary report using his nail. But our early experience showed disappointing result with high rate of complications, So we reviewed our 16 cases of humeral shaft fracture with polytrauma treated with Seidel nail and studied anatomical fitness of the nail within the distal medullary space using CT scan. The most frequent complication was intraoperative fracture of the proximal humerus < 4 cases> and this seemed to be due to lateral placement of pilot hole. There were 3 cases of nonunion and these cases showed insufficient distal anchorage, either primarily or postoperatively. Anatomical fitness study showed insufficient spreading of nail flanges in 5 cases of distal canal width below 9mm and nonunion cases were in this group. Other problems of Seidel nail were technical difficulties due to occasionally incorrect proximal targeting device and frequent breakage of adaptor screw. Study of more cases may be needed to confirm the design problem of Seidel nail.
Humerus ; Multiple Trauma ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

No abstract available.
Education ; Humans