No abstract available.
Health Policy*

The mechanism of serotonin(5-HT) induced contraction and Ca++ mobilization was investigated in right cut from rat aorta. Since it is known that 5-HT can interact with alpha-adrenoceptors in addition to a specific action on 5-HT receptors, the effects alpha-adrenoceptors antagonists on these contractile responses to 5-HT were investigated. The results are as follows : 1) 5-HT produced a strong transient contraction and a concentration dependent contraction. 2) The contractile tension to 5-HT increased with extracellular Ca++ concentration (0.1-5mM). 3) The response produced by rings exposed to Ca++-free PSS was significantly weaker than that produced by rings exposed to calcium containing PSS. When rings of aorta that had been stimulated with 5-HT once for 30 min in Ca++-free TBT were washed 4 times for at least; 20 min in zero Ca++PSS to remove 5-HT, than reexposed to 5-HT in Ca++-free TBT, a phasic contraction was not seen during the second stimulation with 5-HT. 4) The contractile response of 5-HT was inhibited by alpha-adrenergic receptor blocker, phenoxybenzamine and phentolamine. Phentolamine(10(-8)M) antagonized response to high concentrations of 5-HT but responses to low concentrations of 5-HT were not antagonized. 5) The contraction induced by 5-HT in Ca++-free PSS was investigated with phentolamin, methysergide. It was blocked by methysergide but not blocked by phentolamine. 6) These results suggest that 5-HT -induced contraction is the effect of both transmembrane Ca++ influx and the mobilization of intracellular Ca++. Low concentration of 5-HT act on specific 5-HT receptors but high concentration of 5-HT also act on alpha-adreno-receptors.
Animals ; Aorta* ; Calcium ; Methysergide ; Phenoxybenzamine ; Phentolamine ; Rats* ; Receptors, Adrenergic ; Receptors, Serotonin ; Serotonin

No abstract available.

No abstract available.
Fruit* ; Gardenia* ; Sputum* ; Yeasts*

The Acromioclavicular joint is classified as a diarthrodial joint. Its stability is maintained by articular capsule, acromioclavicular ligament, articular disc, coraco clavicularligament(trapezoid and conoid ligament) and attached muscles. 17 cases of acromioclavicular dislocation which had been seen at Seoul Red Cross Hospital during the period of January 1975 through December 1977 were studied. The following observations were made. 1. This injury is more prevalent in male (82%) with the peak incidence in the 3rd and 4 th decades (53%). 2. Conservative treatment was given in 11 cases by adhersive strapping around the elbow and lateral one third of the clavicle reinforced by Velpeau dressing for 3 weeks, then followed by active exercise. 3. Operative treatment consist of modified Phemister technique in 3 cases, Mumford technique in 2 cases, and Dewar and Barington's technique in 1 case. 4. Results were evaluated in 4 groups as excellent, good, fair, and poor according to Gerald weitzman's classification(1975). 5. Overall results of more than good (satisfactory) was obtained in 72.7% of the 11 cases with conservative treatment and in 50% of the 6 cases with operative treatment.
Acromioclavicular Joint ; Bandages ; Clavicle ; Clinical Study ; Dislocations ; Elbow ; Humans ; Incidence ; Joint Capsule ; Joints ; Ligaments, Articular ; Male ; Muscles ; Red Cross ; Seoul

A clinical observation was made on 122 cases of excretory urographies during the period from January to December. 1978 and the following results were obtained. 1) Among 1572 total patients, 122 cases of excretory urographies were performed during, giving a rate of 12.9%. 2) The most common age group was in 21-30 years (32.8%) and the next was in 31-40 years (23. 8%) 89 cases were male and 33 cases were female with a ratio of 2.7 : 1. 3) The clinical symptoms and signs were flank pain in 84 cases, bladder irritation symptom in S4 cases and gross hematuria in 37 cases. 4) Of 122 cases of excretory urogaphies, abnormal findings were shown on 73 cases (59.8%) and normal findings shown on 49 cases (40.2%). 5) Of 73 cases of abnormal findings, urolithiasis were found in 39 cases (53.4%), G-U tuberculosis in 15 cases (20. 5%) and infectious diseases in 11 cases (15. 1%). 6) The side reaction to contrast media was observed in 7 cases (5.7%).
Communicable Diseases ; Contrast Media ; Female ; Flank Pain ; Hematuria ; Humans ; Male ; Tuberculosis ; Urinary Bladder ; Urography* ; Urolithiasis

PURPOSE: Since the introduction of short vein bypass (SVB), many have reported its feasibility when long vein bypass (LVB) cannot be performed due to limited vein conduit. However, the presence of inflow-vessel disease may affect graft patency and thus require endovascular treatment prior to surgery. Our study aims to analyze the results between SVB and LVB. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From 2009 to 2013, 27 bypass procedures were reviewed retrospectively. Outcomes such as patency rate, postoperative ankle brachial index (ABI) and limb salvage rate between SVB and LVB were compared. Wound healing time and primary patency rate were analyzed and the former was also analyzed according to the respective angiosome and revascularization type. RESULTS: There were 11 males and 16 females and the mean age was 66.6+/-12.3 years. Twenty four patients had TransAtlantic Inter-Society Consensus (TASC) D and 3 patients had TASC C lesions below knee. The 1-year cumulative patency rate between SVB and LVB were 63% and 66%, P=0.627. The limb salvage rate (100% vs. 73%; P=0.280) and postoperative ABI (0.592 vs. 0.508; P=0.620) were higher in the SVB group than in the LVB group, although the differences were not significant. There was no difference in wound healing time by angiosomal revascularization type. In situ vein graft showed higher patency rate than reversed greater saphenous vein (75% vs. 61%; P=0.00) CONCLUSION: The results of SVB were similar to those of LVB. SVB is feasible in the setting of limited conduit availability, in combination with endovascular treatment in the presence of proximal lesions.
Ankle Brachial Index ; Consensus ; Extremities* ; Female ; Humans ; Ischemia* ; Knee ; Limb Salvage ; Male ; Retrospective Studies ; Saphenous Vein ; Transplants* ; Veins* ; Wound Healing

No abstract available.
Anti-Bacterial Agents* ; Prevalence* ; Shigella*

Prolapse of bladder through vesico-vaginal fistula is quite a rare urological problem. A 38-year-old woman was admitted to the Woo Sok University Hospital with a baby head sized round mass attached to the vagina. Patient had a prolapse of uterus after having her second child birth about 10 years ago and cauterization with corrosives for the treatment of prolapse of uterus was undergone for two times. About one year prior to the admission, the prolapse of uterus recurred and cauterization with corrosives was tried again, resulting vesico-vaginal fistula through which the bladder was everted and prolapsed. Under the general anesthesia, the everted and prolapsed bladder was reduced manually in normal position and vesico-vaginal fistulectomy was performed with good result.
Adult ; Anesthesia, General ; Caustics ; Cautery ; Child ; Female ; Fistula* ; Head ; Humans ; Parturition ; Prolapse* ; Urinary Bladder* ; Uterus ; Vagina ; Vesicovaginal Fistula

To assess the adequacy of medical manpower and medical fee for the newborn nursery care, the author visited 20 out of 24 hospitals with the pediatric training program in Youngnam area between July 29 and August 14, 1991. Total number of newborn, both normal and sick, admission and discharge in 1--30 June 1991 was obtained from the logbook of nursery. Head nurse and staff pediatrician of the nursery were interviewed to get the current staffing for the nursery and their subjective opinion on the adequacy of nursery manpower and the difficulties in recruiting manpower. Average medical fee charged for the maternity and normal newborn nursery care was obtained from the division of self-audit of medical insurance claim of each hospital. Average minimum requirement of nursing care time for one normal newborn per day was 179.5 (+/-58.6) minutes; 2023(+/-50.7) minutes for the university hospitals and 164.2(+/-60.5) minutes for the general hospitals. The ratio of minimum requirement of nursing care time and available nursing time was 1.42 on the average. Taking the additional requirement of nursing care for the sick newborns into consideration, the ratio was 2.06. The numbers of R. N. and A. N. in the nurserys of study hospitals were 31%, and 17%, respectively, of the nursing manpower for the nursery recommended by the American Academy of Pediatrics. These findings indicate that the nursing manpower in newborn nursery is in severe shortage. Ninety percent of the head nurses and 85% of the staff pediatrician stated that the newborn nursery is short of R.N. and 75% of them said that the nurse's aide is also short. Major reason for not recruiting R.N. was the financial constraint of hospital. For the recruitment of nurse's aide, short supply was the second most important reason next to the financial constraint. However, limit of quarter in T.O. was the major reason for the national university hospitals. Average total medical fee for the maternity and newborn nursery cares of a normal vaginal delivery who stayed two nights and three days at hospital was 219,430Won. Out of the total medical fee, 20,323Won(9.3%) was for the newborn nursery care. In case of C-section delivery six nights and seven days, who stayed otal medical fee was 732,578Won and out of the total fee 76,937Won (12.0%) was for the newborn care. Cost for a newborn care per day by cost accounting was 16,141Won for the tertiary care hospitals and 14,576Won for the all other hopitals. The ratio of cost and the fee schedule of the medical insurance for a newborn care per day was 5.0 for the tertiary care hospitals and 4.9 for the all other hospitals. Considering the current wage level of the medical personnel, capital investment for the hospital facilities and equipments, and the cost for hospital maintenance, it is hard to expect adequate quality care in the newborn nursery under the current medical insurance fee schedule.
Education ; Fee Schedules ; Fees and Charges ; Fees, Medical* ; Hospitals, General ; Hospitals, University ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn* ; Insurance ; Investments ; Maintenance and Engineering, Hospital ; Nurseries* ; Nursing ; Nursing Care ; Nursing, Supervisory ; Pediatrics ; Salaries and Fringe Benefits ; Tertiary Healthcare