No abstract available.
Intestinal Atresia*

A Comparative study was retrospectively performed with 374 infants in order to find protective effect of breast feeding for infection. This study shows that breast feeding protect infant against gastrointestinal and respiratory infection. Breast feeding offers advantage by reducing gastraintestinal and respiratory infection when they should maintain breast feeding for at least three months. 1) First year morbidity increased with extent of artificial feeding and was nearly two fold for babies not breast-fed. 2) Prescence of older sibling, low birth weight and male sex are associated with increased morbidity. 3) Infant illness from 0~3 months, 4~6 months, 7~10 months, 11~12 moths was analyzed. Compared with the 108 bottle fed babies, the babies who had been partially (40) or fully (136) breast fed had significantly lower rate of gastrointestinal illness at 7~10 month (p<0.05), 11~12 month (p<0.005) and respiratory illness at 7~10 month (p<0.05). 4) Between the early weaning group (90) and the bottle group (108) showed no siggnificant difference. 5) Among the babies observed throughout the first year of life, 35 (9%) and 46 (12) were admitted to hospital with gastrointestinal and respiratory infection. Babies who were breast fed for more than 3 month had significant lower rate for hospital admission due to gastrointestinal and respiratory infection when compared with bottle fed babies. Breast feeding durning more than 3 month of life confers protection against gastrointestinal and respiratory infection.
Breast Feeding* ; Breast* ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Low Birth Weight ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Moths ; Nutritional Support ; Retrospective Studies ; Siblings ; Weaning

The deletion 9p syndrome is a well characterized syndrome with about one hundred cases having been reported. Most patients have dysmorphic facial features, cardiac anomalies, and mental retardation. We report on a female infant with micrognathia, corneal opacity, cleft palace, cardiac anomaly, left polycystic kidney, and deletion 9p. Chromosome analysis and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) showed her to have a derived chromosome 9 inherited from a maternal t(9;16) (p22;p13.2) by adjacent I segregation There are few reports of this particular chromosome rearrangement. We review deletion Sp syndrome.
Chromosomes, Human, Pair 9 ; Corneal Opacity ; Female ; Fluorescence ; Humans ; In Situ Hybridization ; Infant ; Intellectual Disability ; Polycystic Kidney Diseases

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to compare the growth pattern of breast fed and formula fed infants in the first 1 year of life. METHODS: Anthropometric data (weight, length, head circumference) of at birth, 1, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months were collected by chart review and characteristics of subjects were collected by questionnaires. Among 358 infants, breast fed infants were 161 (84 males, 77 females) and formula fed infants were 90 (42 males, 48 females). Neither group was given solid foods before 4 months. The weight for age, length for age and head circumference for age were calculated. Breast fed infants were separated into 2 groups (breast fed for 4-11 months and breast fed for more than 12 months). RESULTS: Characteristics of infants and mothers were similar in both groups except for maternal age. Mean weight of breast fed group was lower than that of formula fed group at 12 months of age (male: P=0.004, female: P=0.004). However, mean weight of 12 months breast fed group was below formula fed groups weight at 9 and 12 months (P< 0.05). Mean length and head circumference were similar between groups. CONCLUSION: The growth indices of breast fed and formula fed infants are similar at birth, but weight curves of two groups differ in the first 1 year.
Breast Feeding ; Breast* ; Female ; Head ; Humans ; Infant* ; Male ; Maternal Age ; Mothers ; Parturition ; Surveys and Questionnaires

Episcleral osseous choristoma is a rare isolated bony nodule occurring in the conjunctival or episcleral connective tissue in eyes which are otherwise normal. They are present at birth. This congenital lesion is usually about the size of a pea and typically located in the superotemporal quadrant, some 5 to 10mm from the limbus. Of the 40 reported cases in the literature, none had associated ocular abnormalities. The diagnosis has seldom been suspected preoperatively. Our patient was 3-month-old healthy male baby. For the cosmetic purpose, we had done excisional biopsy. In the histopathologic study, the mass was a dermoid covered with skin and contained fat, hair follicle and osseous tissue at its center. The mass was confirmed to be a complex choristoma, especially osseous choristoma. We report this case because of the rarity of osseous chroistomas combined with complex choristoma.
Biopsy ; Choristoma* ; Connective Tissue ; Dermoid Cyst ; Diagnosis ; Hair Follicle ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Parturition ; Peas ; Skin

PURPOSE: Rotter's nodes are removed in the course of a radical mastectomy, however they are not routinely removed in a modified radical mastectomy and breast conserving surgery, although they can be. Having been relatively ignored, the prognostic value and correlation of Rotter's nodes with axillary nodal status have rarely been reported or systematically studied. The aims of the present study were to assess the frequency and pattern of Rotter's node metastasis in breast cancer patients, and to compare the incidence of axillary lymph node metastasis and Rotter's node. We also investigated the rate of skip metastasis. METHODS: In order to investigate the predictability of axillary node positivity, we compared the status of axillary lymph nodes and the pathological prognostic markers. In 580 consecutive mastectomies performed for breast carcinomas between 1987 and 1999, axillary and Rotter's nodes were routinely dissected and separately sampled during mastectomy. RESULTS: The mean number of axillary lymph nodes and Rotter's nodes were 19.5 and 0.9. Axillary lymph nodes metastases were found in 47.2% of all patients. The frequency of axillary lymph node metastasis and the involvement of a higher level of axillary lymph node were significantly increased with increasing tumor size. However, metastasis at Rotter's nodes did not follow this pattern. Rotter's nodes were anatomically present in 39.8% of patients and an average of 2.3 lymph nodes was found in the interpectoral region. Rotter's metastases were found in 5% of all patients, and 10.6% of those with axillary lymph node metastases. The number of Rotter's nodes metastases was higher as the metastases were found at a higher level (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: The presence of axillary metastases was related to histologic grade, nuclear grade and lymphovascular invasion, but was not related to the mitotic index or perineural invasion. It is apparent that the potential risks from Rotter's and skip metastases were not great in all patients, although the routine excision of Rotter's nodes should be applied to patients with more locally advanced disease (T2-3, N1-N2).
Breast Neoplasms* ; Breast* ; Humans ; Incidence ; Lymph Nodes ; Mastectomy ; Mastectomy, Modified Radical ; Mastectomy, Radical ; Mastectomy, Segmental ; Mitotic Index ; Neoplasm Metastasis

Periodic alternating nystagmus(PAN) is a form of spontaneous nystagmus with a specific pattern. It may be of congenital origin in many cases, and may be related to vestibulo-cerebellar system disease. It usually causes not only many ophthalmic problems such as decreased vision but also neurologic symptoms such as ataxic gait. So, ophthalmologist must perform both ophthalmic and neurologic examinations. Nystagmus can be treated with muscle relaxant. We report our experience about 30-year-old woman who complained of involuntary ocular movement and ataxic gait, and were diagnosed as PAN associated with Chiari-1 malformation and syringomyelia through electronystagmography and brain MRF.
Adult ; Brain ; Electronystagmography ; Female ; Gait ; Humans ; Neurologic Examination ; Neurologic Manifestations ; Nystagmus, Pathologic* ; Syringomyelia*

PURPOSE: Surgical axillary dissection to determine the status of nodes remains as a part of the standard operation in the management of breast cancer. Rotter's nodes are removed in the course of a radical mastectomy but they are not routinely removed in a modified radical mastectomy and breast conserving surgery, although they can be. Having been relatively ignored, the prognostic value and correlation of Rotter's nodes with axillary nodal status have been rarely reported or systematically studied. The aim of the present study was to access the frequency and pattern of Rotter's node metastasis in breast cancer patients, and compare the incidence of axillary lymph node metastasis and Rotter's node. We also investigated the rate of skip metastasis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: To investigate the predicting axillary node positivity, we compared the status of axillary lymph node and pathological prognostic markers. In 580 consecutive mastectomy performed for breast carcinomas between 1987 to 1999, axillary and Rotter's node were routinely dissected and separately sampled during mastectomy . RESULTS: The mean number of axillary lymph node and Rotter's nodes were 19.5 and 0.9. Axillary lymph nodes metastases were found in 47.2% of all patients. Frequency of axillary lymph node metastasis and involvement of higher level of axillary lymph node were significantly increased by increasing tumor size. But metastasis at Rotter's nodes was not following this pattern. Rotter's nodes were anatomically present in 39.8% of patients and average 2.3 lymph nodes were found in the interpectoral region. Rotter's metastases were found in 5% of all patients, and 10.6% of those with axillary lymph nodes metastases. Number of Rotter's nodes metastases were higher as the metastases were found to higher level(P<0.05). CONCLUSION: The presence of axillary metastases were related to histologic grade, nuclear grade and lymphovascular invasion, but not related to mitotic index and perineural invasion. In summary, number of axillary lymph node and metastatic rate of axillary lymph nodes were similar to western reports. It is apparent that potential risk from Rotter's and skip metastases were not great in all patients, but routine excision of Rotter's nodes should be applied to patients with more locally advanced disease.
Breast Neoplasms* ; Breast* ; Humans ; Incidence ; Lymph Nodes ; Mastectomy ; Mastectomy, Modified Radical ; Mastectomy, Radical ; Mastectomy, Segmental ; Mitotic Index ; Neoplasm Metastasis

No abstract available.
Cesarean Section, Repeat* ; Female ; Fistula*

For evaluating the change of strength of extraocular muscle after strabismus surgery, ten rabbits had been performed resection of lateral rectus muscle in right eye and recession of lateral rectus muscle in left eye, and then performed EMG(electromyography). We performed EMG before surgery, at immediate post-op,after 1 day,1,2,3,4,6,8 weeks. In case of resection of lateral rectus muscle, EMG value increased at immediate post-op then stabilized after 6 weeks. In case of recession of lateral rectus muscle, EMG value decreased at immediate post-op, then stabo; ozed after 6 weeks. Therefore, EMG is the useful method in evaluating the change of strength of EOM. Especially, during 6 weeks after surgery is the important peeriod for follow-up.
Electromyography ; Follow-Up Studies ; Rabbits ; Strabismus