BACKGROUND: Stress is found to have influence on physical and mental disorders, and also to daily life styles related to physical health and mental stress. There are many studies that concern the stress and coping response and the relation ships physical, mental disorders and stress. But relationship between stress and life styles have seldom been investigated. Therefore, we investigated the relationship between stress and life styles. METHODS: From June 2, 1997 to June 30, 1997, we selected 463 businessmen we who had undergone regular health screening SUN hospital as subjects of the investigation in the survey on life styles included diet habit, salt ingestion, meat ingestion, alcohol drinking, smoking habit, physical exercise, sleep disturbance, and stress perception was measured by Psychosocial Well-being Index(PWI). RESULTS: 'There was significant difference in diet habit according to ages, marital status education level, monthly income(P<0.01), and job tenure(P<0.01), salt ingestion according to monthly income and body mass index(P<0.05), alcohol drinking according to religion or none, smoking according to age, marital status, monthly income, body mass index(P<0.05), and religion(P<0.01), exercise according to age, education level(P<0.01), monthly income(P<0.01), job department, and job tenure(P<0.05), and sleep disturbance according to age, education level, body mass index(P<0.05), and monthly income(P<0.01). There was no difference in the average scores of PWI according to general characteristics. The average scores of PWI concerning about life styles showed significant difference in diet habit, arcohol drinking, smoking habit, exercise, and sleep disturbance. CONCLUSIONS: The correlation of health habit and motility rate has already proved. This investigation has showed that there is a correlation between life styles and stress. So, we concluded that it is the best way to keep the good health habit by stress control for health promotion and disease prevention.
Alcohol Drinking ; Commerce* ; Drinking ; Eating ; Education ; Exercise ; Food Habits ; Health Promotion ; Life Style* ; Marital Status ; Mass Screening ; Meat ; Mental Disorders ; Ships ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Solar System

Total anomalous pulmonary venous confluence(TAPC), a rare cyanotic congenital anomaly of the heart especially in adult, is now diagnosed by echocardiography instead of cardiac catheterization with high sensitivity and specificity. The key points are identification of pulmonary veins, pulmonary venous confluence draining anomalously to the heart. RVDVO on M-mode, abnormal echo free space posterior to left atrium on 2D-echo are basic characteristics of TAPVC. Peak velocity and flow profile measurement on the doppler provide additional informations : obstruction and anomalous vessels. A case of 23 year old male with supracardiac type TAPVC diagnosed by echocardiography was corrected successfully by surgery.
Adult* ; Cardiac Catheterization ; Cardiac Catheters ; Echocardiography* ; Heart ; Heart Atria ; Humans ; Male ; Pulmonary Veins ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Young Adult

Clinical observarions were done on 616 cases of cerebrovasculae accidents treated as inpatients at the Sung-Sim hospital, Chung-Ang university over a period of 8 years, from January, 1981 to Agust, 1988. The results were as follows; 1) Of 616 cases of cerebrovascular accidents, cerebral hemorrhage was presented in 56.82%, cerebral thrombosis in 28.57%, subarachnoid hemorrhage in 12.66%, cerebral embolism in 1.95%. 2) The ratio of male to female was 1.01:1. 3) The cerebrovascular accidents were most common in the sixth decade and followed by the fifth and fourth in turn. 4) The seasonal incidence was in order of frequency of Spring, Winter, Autumn and Summer. 5) Among disease preceding the onset of cerebrovascular accidents, hypertension was noted at 75% in cases of cerebral hemorrhge, 61% in cerebral thrombosis and 73% in subarachnoid hemorrhge. 6) The mean duration of underlying hypertension was 13.7 years in cerebral emorrhge, 15.3 years in cerebral thrombosis, 12.2 years in subarachnoid hemorrhage and 14.8 years in cerebral embolism. 7) Major precipitating factor in cerebral hemorrhage and subarachnoid hemorrhage was thought to be physical activity, whereas cerebral thrombosis and cerebral embolism frequently occured during sleeping or resting state. 8) The mean cholesterol level were 204.1mg% in cerebral hemorrhage, 214.9mg% in cerebral thrombosis, 211.7mg% in subaraachnoid hemorrhage and 217.0mg% in cerebral embolism. 9) The mortality rate was 12.2% in total, 16.6% in cerebral hemorrhage 2.3% in cerebral thrombosis, 15.45 in subarachnoid hemorrhage and 25% in cerebral embolism.
Cerebral Hemorrhage ; Cholesterol ; Female ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Incidence ; Inpatients ; Intracranial Embolism ; Intracranial Thrombosis ; Male ; Mortality ; Motor Activity ; Precipitating Factors ; Seasons ; Stroke* ; Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

BACKGROUND: The improvement in social economic standard of living and aging bring high attention to osteoporosis in women. Many studies have been released so far about how effectively Hormone Replacement Therapy(HRT) in postmenopausal women works for the increase in Bone Mineral Density(BMD) in hip and vertebrae with the different rate of bone formation. In addition, it has been believed that HRT could increase BMD of hip and lumbar vertebrae reduce fractures caused by osteoporosis. In this study, we will find the effect of HRT on the increase in BMD of lumbar vertebrae and hip in postmenopausal women, by measuring and comparing BMD of lumbar vertebrae with high rate of trabecular bone to that of hip with high rate of cortical bone one year after HRT in postmenopausal women. METHODS: Subjects were 48 out of 325 postmenopausal women patients who visited osteoporosis clinic, Sun Hospital, Taejeon, from January, 1995 to December, 1995 and had the osteoporosis test and the vertebrae osteoporosis test one year after. We compared and analyzed the change of BMD in each part by retesting BMD of lumbar vertebrae and hip one year after the continuous HRT in women. SPSS/PC was used for statistical procedure. RESULTS: Subjects have mean age of 54.8+/-4.5 years, mean menopausal age of 48.4+/-3.5 years, mean postmenopause period of 6.5 +/- 5.9 years, mean body mass index 23.4+/-3.1kg/m2, mean weight of 56.7 +/- 7.8kg and mean height of 154715.4cm. No correlation was observed of their age, menopausal age, the number of years since menopause and body mass index to the changing rate of BMD in lumbar vertebrae and femur one year after HRT in women. The BMD prior to treatment was, respectively, as follows , L2-L4(0.8983710.llg/cm2), Hip(neck, 0.7597+/-0.10g/cm2 ; trochanter, 0.6259+/-0.08g/cm2 ; Ward's triangle,0.5186+/-0.90g/cm2), and that one year after treatment ; L2-L4(0.9277+/-0.llg/cm2), Hip(neck,0.7592710.llg/cm2 ; trochanter, 0.63227:0.08g/cm" ; Ward's triangle,0.5340+/-0.09g/cm2). There was significant increase in BMD of lumbar vertebrae and femur Ward's triangle(P<0.01) among BMD of each part one year after HRT, but BMD of femur neck and that of trochanter region has no significant incense. CONCLUSIONS: It was found that one year treatment with HRT in postmenopausal women resulted in significant increase in BMD of not only lumbar vertebrae with lots of trabecular bone but also Ward's triangle regions of femur, regardless of age and postmenopausal period of postmenopausal women at the beginning of treatment. It is considered that HRT may be effective in preventing osteoporotic fractures of lumbar vertebrae and hip on postmenopausal women, and that postmenopausal period would not be an important factor in the beginning of HRT treatment.
Aging ; Body Mass Index ; Bone Density* ; Daejeon ; Female ; Femur ; Femur Neck ; Hip* ; Hormone Replacement Therapy* ; Humans ; Lumbar Vertebrae ; Menopause ; Osteogenesis ; Osteoporosis ; Osteoporotic Fractures ; Postmenopause ; Socioeconomic Factors ; Solar System ; Spine*

PURPOSE: To identify the necessity of more reasonable diagnostic criteria and the possibility of early prediction of coronary involvement in the higher risk group, we investigated and compared clinical and laboratory findings in the acute phase and coronary involvements in those younger (n=17) and older(n=53) than one year of age in Kawasaki disease(KD). METHODS: Retrospective chart reviews were performed on 70 patients with KD who were admitted to the Chung-Ang University Hospital from April 1997 to May 2001. RESULTS: Male were significantly higher in the younger age group(M : F ratio 3.3 : 1 vs. 1.0 : 1, P=0.004). Fever durations before intravenous immunoglobulin(IVIG) and echocardiography were significantly shorter in the younger group(4.6+/-1.3 vs. 6.2+/-2.5, P=0.004 vs. 0.01, respectively). Cases meeting typical diagnostic criteria were significantly less in the younger group(P=0.006). In the laboratory findings, serum albumin, BUN and K+ levels in the acute febrile phase were significantly higher in the younger group(P=0.002, 0.006, <0.001, respectively) and incidences of coronary artery dilatation in the acute phase were significantly higher in the younger group(P=0.01). CONCLUSION: Although less met the typical diagnostic criteria of KD, infants younger than one year of age are more susceptible to coronary artery change in the acute febrile phase. Therefore, KD should be entertained as a diagnostic possibility in young infants with prolonged fever without distinct fever focus, and echocardiography should be considered as part of the evaluation of these patients, and then early diagnosis and prompt IVIG should be conducted.
Coronary Vessels ; Dilatation ; Early Diagnosis ; Echocardiography ; Fever ; Humans ; Immunoglobulins, Intravenous ; Incidence ; Infant ; Male ; Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome* ; Retrospective Studies ; Serum Albumin

OBJECTIVE: Low birth weight (LBW) infants are known to be at the risk of increased morbidity and mortality, and also of developing adult or metabolic diseases later in their life. Recently, the number of LBW infants has increased in Korea. Therefore, we examined the changing patterns of LBW infants and associated risk factors. METHODS: Data from the Korean National Statistical Office during 13 years (1995-2007) were used. We analyzed the changing mean gestational age, mean birth weight, mean maternal age, and the changing incidence of premature infant, LBW infant, multiple births, the proportion of first baby, and sex of the baby. Also, we analyzed the incidence of unmarried mother, old aged mother (>35 years), young aged mother (<20 years), high school graduated mother. In addition, we analyzed the relationship between LBW infants and risk factors. RESULTS: The incidence of LBW infants was 2.99% in 1995, and 4.66% in 2007. The proportion of premature infant, multiple birth, first baby, unmarried mother, old aged mother, female baby increased. The increase in premature infant, multiple birth, old aged mother, unmarried mother, and female infant were found to be the important factors regarding increase in LBW infants in Korea. CONCLUSION: In Korea, an increase in the prevalence of LBW infants and prematurity from 1995 to 2007 was observed. The increase in premature infants, multiple birth, old aged mother, unmarried mother, and female infant are associated with the increase in LBW infants.
Adult ; Aged ; Birth Weight ; Female ; Gestational Age ; Humans ; Illegitimacy ; Incidence ; Infant ; Infant, Low Birth Weight ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature ; Korea ; Maternal Age ; Metabolic Diseases ; Mothers ; Multiple Birth Offspring ; Prevalence ; Risk Factors

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a critical source of infections in neonatal intensive care units. Early diagnosis and treatment are important due to the significant morbidity of MRSA infection. MRSA sepsis can be disseminated despite antibiotics, therefore the extent of the infection should be evaluated. Common complications of MRSA sepsis include infective endocarditis, pneumonia, osteomyelitis, meningitis, septic shock.Urgent evaluation of other possible suppurative complications in neoate are necessary. Therefore echocardiogram, chest X-ray, ophthalmic examination, brain sonography and spinal tapping are needed. In this study, we present a case of MRSA sepsis in a preterm infant, accompanied by endophthalmitis and endocarditis in spite of the early diagnosis and treatment.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Brain ; Early Diagnosis ; Endocarditis* ; Endophthalmitis* ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature* ; Intensive Care Units, Neonatal ; Meningitis ; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus* ; Osteomyelitis ; Pneumonia ; Sepsis* ; Spinal Puncture ; Thorax

BACKGROUND: The signal pathways and their precise roles for acute respiratory distress syndrome caused by endotoxin (ETX) has not been established. Since there has been several in vitro experiments suggesting that activation of protein kinase C (PKC) pathway may be responsible for endotoxin-induced inflammatory reaction, we performed in vivo experiments in the rats with the hypothesis that PKC-inhibition can effectively prevent endotoxin-induced acute lung injury. METHODS: We studied the role of PKC in ETX-induced ALl using PKC inhibitor (staurosporine, 5Th) in the rat. Specific pathogen free male Sprague-Dawley weighted from 165 to 270g were used for the study. Animals were divided into the normal control (NC)-, vehicle control (VC)-, ETX-, PMA (phorbolmyristateacetate)-, STP+PMA-, and STP+ETX-group. PMA (50mg/kg) or ETX (7mg/kg) was instilled through polyethylen catheter after aseptic tracheostomy with and without STP (0.2mg/kg) pretreatment. STP was injected via tail vein 30mm before intratracheal injection (IT) of PMA or ETX. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was done 3- or 6-hrs after IT of PMA or FTX respectively, to measure protein concentration, total and differential cell counts. RESULTS The results were as follows. The protein concentrations in BALF in the PMA- and ETX-group were very higher than that of VC-group (p<0.001). When animals were pretreated with STP, the %reduction of the protein concentration in BALF was 64.8 8.5 and 30.4 2.5% in the STP+PMA- and STP+ETX-group, respectively (p=0.028). There was no difference in the total cell counts between the PMA-and VC-group (p = 0.26). However the ETX-group showed markedly increased total cell counts as compared to the VC- (p=0.003) and PMA group (p=0.0027), respectively. The total cell counts in BALF were not changed after pretreatment with STP compared to the PMA- (p=0.22) and ETX-group (p=0.46). The percentage of PMN, but not alveolar macrophage, was significantly elevated in the PMA-, and ETX-group. Especially in the ETX-group, the percentage of PMN was 17 times higher than that of PMA (p<0.001). The differential cell counts was not different between the PMA and STP+PMA. On the contrary the STP+ETX-group showed decreased percentage of PMN (p = 0.016). There was no significant relationship between the protein concentration and the total or differential cell counts in each group. CONCLUSION: Pretreatment with PKC-inhibitor (staurosporine) partially but significantly inhibited ETX-in-duced ALI.
Acute Lung Injury* ; Animals ; Bronchoalveolar Lavage ; Catheters ; Cell Count ; Humans ; Macrophages, Alveolar ; Male ; Protein Kinase C* ; Protein Kinases* ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Adult ; Signal Transduction ; Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms ; Staurosporine ; Tracheostomy ; Veins

Teratoma originate from one or more germ cell layer and commonly arise from sacrococcygeal area in neonate. Teratoma arising from the oropharyngeal cavity is called "epignathus tumor" and is extremely rare in neonate. Clinical manifestation of epignathus tumor vary from asymptomatic to severe respiratory distress symptom. It is reported that most of the tumor are benign in nature. Large teratoma can be diagnosed by prenatal ultrasonography, but most cases were diagnosed with computed tomography or magnetic resonance image after birth. Prognosis is determined by the need for neonatal resuscitation for respiratory distress at the time of birth and the extent of tumor, involving large vessles, skull base or communication with the brain. We experienced a case of epignathus tumor in a neonate with severe respiratory distress immediately after birth, so that reported with review of the literature.
Brain ; Germ Cells ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Parturition ; Prognosis ; Resuscitation ; Skull Base ; Teratoma ; Ultrasonography, Prenatal

BACKGROUND: Reoperation for recurrent bile duct cancer is almost impossible. We report here on a successfully managed case of recurrent Klatskin tumor. METHODS: A 45-year-old male was referred to our hospital with a relapsed Klatskin tumor 7 months after performing resection of his extrahepatic bile duct for Bismuth type I Klatskin tumor. The CT scan showed type IV Klatskin tumor with peritoneal dissemination. However, the PETCT scan didn't find any evidence of tumor. We decided to perform exploratory laparotomy to check the operability and confirm the diagnosis. RESULTS: No peritoneal dissemination was found during the first operation. After massive adhesiolysis, the jejunum was detached from the hepaticojejunostomy (HJ) site, and frozen biopsy confirmed adenocarcinoma at the strictured HJ site. The preoperatively measured left lateral sector was too small. Therefore, right trisectionectomy and caudate lobectomy were performed with keeping intact the right and left side inflow and outflow. HJ was performed in the normal B2 and B3 segments. Portal vein embolization (PVE) was done one week after the first operation. The volume of the left lateral sector increased three weeks after PVE. We safely and completely removed the right trisector and caudate lobe one month after the first operation. He recovered well and was discharged 4 weeks after the operation. No evidence of recurrence was found 14 months after the last operation. CONCLUSIONS: Although there is a possibility of severe adhesion and tumor spreading due to two-staged operation, this procedure may be one of the alternative methods to prevent liver failure that is due to an inadequate liver volume in the case of performing unexpected, extended liver resection. The authors also confirmed that curative resection was feasible to perform in selected cases of recurrent bile duct cancer.
Adenocarcinoma ; Bile Duct Neoplasms ; Bile Ducts, Extrahepatic ; Biopsy ; Bismuth ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Jejunum ; Klatskin's Tumor* ; Laparotomy ; Liver ; Liver Failure ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Portal Vein ; Recurrence ; Reoperation ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed