Globally, individuals with chronic diseases now consume over 80% of all healthcare resources. Set against this depressing projection is decades of epidemiologic work demonstrating that 80%-90% of cardiovascular disease can be prevented via lifestyle and dietary interventions. How can we reconcile such contrasting views toward the future of cardiovascular health in human populations? Herein, we review available sources of evidence that can be used to answer these challenging questions of how and why. In particular, we submit that analytical framework incorporating the 6P (prediction, precision, personalization, prevention, population, and policy)-3G (good food, good environment, and good behavior)-4I (interpretation, integration, implementation, and innovation) will allow us to focus resource towards the development of multi-level approaches for the betterment of population

OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of early use of rapamycin in renal transplant recipients.METHODS:A total of 58 patients undergoing renal transplantation(with kidneys came from corpses)were assigned to receive cyclosporine A(CsA)plus rapamycin(RPM)and prednisone(trial group,n=28)or CsA plus mycophenolate(MMF)and prednisone(control group,n=30).The clinical efficacy at 6 months after renal transplantation,the complications and the adverse drug reactions of the two groups were observed,meanwhile,biochemical indicators including serum blood lipid level and hepatic and renal functions were monitored to analyze the effects of two immunosuppressive schemes on acute rejection of the transplanted kidneys and the survival rates of patients/kidneys.RESULTS:The transplanted kidneys in both group all survived with function.There was no significant difference between the two groups in the incidence of acute rejection(4/28(14.3%)for trial group vs.5/30(16.7%)for control group).The abnormal serum lipid level,infection of incisional wound,diarrhea and hypoleukemia were noted in 11 cases(39.3%),4 cases(14.3%),3 cases(10.7%)and 1 case(3.6%)for the trial group vs.3 cases(10.0%),2 cases(6.7%),8 cases(26.7%)and 5 cases(16.7%)for the control group.CONCLUSION:The early use of triple immunosuppressive therapy(CsA + RPM+ Pred)showed more potent immunosuppressive efficacy but fewer acute rejections as compared the control group(CsA + MMF + Pred).The main side effects of the trial group(CsA +RPM+ Pred)manifested as increased serum lipid level and infection of incisional wound,however,the incidences of diarrhea and hypoleukemia were significantly lower than in the control group.

Objective In order to understand the students' experience and satisfaction in community nursing practice and the factors that influence them,to provide a basis for improving the quality of teaching in community practice.Methods The students were invited to compete the questionnaire that consisted of preceptors,the length of clinical practice time in hospital,practice items and satisfaction,opinions and harvest to community practice after completing 3-week practice in a designated community placement.Results 327 nursing undergraduates participated in the survey,and the average practice items were (9.7±2.0).The satisfaction of students was (3.89±0.58) points.There were significant differences of practice items and the scores among different preceptors,duration of students practice in hospital ahead,and the length of community conducting the practice teaching.There was a positive correlation between practice items and the satisfaction of students.Conclusions It is time to improve the quality of preceptors,strengthening the practice management in late stage,and promote students self-improvement.

Objective To reconstruct the perfusion parameters of murine hindlimbs peripheral tissue by using fluorescence reflectance imaging technique. Methods BALB/c mice were injected with intravenous bolus injection of indocyanine green (ICG) (10μg) into the tail vein. Time-series fluorescence intensity images were obtained for 200 s immediately after the injection. After the serial imaging, silhouette images of the mice were taken under white light to obtain the region of interest (ROI) of the murine hindlimbs. Bi-exponential model was applied to analyze the dynamic fluorescence parameters and the peripheral tissue perfusion parameter images were reconstructed. Results The fitted perfusion curves obtained from bi-exponential model were in good agreement with the measured ones. The parametric images which reflected the vascular sufficiency of murine hindlimbs were reconstructed. Conclusions A novel method for parametric images of murine hindlimbs peripheral tissue blood perfusion is proposed in this paper, which is noninvasive with higher resolution and little damage to biological tissues.

BACKGROUND: Allergic airway inflammation (AAI) is the pathological basis of pathogenesis of asthma. Manghua decoction, from Zhang Zhongjing's "On cold damage", is the basic recipe for treating asthma, its addminus recipe is widely used in clinic now.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of mahuang decoction on allergic airway inflammation in asthmatic mouse.DESIGN: Randomized controlled observation SETTING: Staff Room of Internal Medicine, Department of Clinical Medicine, Guangdong University of Pharmacy.MATERIALS: The experiment was performed in the Animal Laboratory of Guangdong College of Pharmacy and Laboratory of Pathology, Guangdong University of Pharmacy from March 2003 to February 2004. Totally 36 mice were recruited.METHODS: Mice were randomly divided into normal control group, asthma group and treatment group, with 12 in each one. The mice in the control group were given intraperitoneal injection of 0.2 mL of normal saline on day 1,7,14 and 21 separately. From 28th day, the mice were given intragastric administration of normal saline of 0.5 mL for 60 minutes followed by water spray(only normal saline ) for 30 minutes , for consecutive 7 days.The mice in the asthma group were given intraperitoneal injection of normal saline of 0.2 mL containing egg albumin (10 μg) and aluminium hydroxide (20 mg) on day 1, 7, 14 and 21 separately. From 28th day, the mice were given intragastric administration of normal saline of 0.5 mL for 60 minutes followed by water spray (normal saline containing egg albumin of 50 g/L) for 30 minutes, for consecutive 7 days. Sensitization and stimulati on of the mice in the treatment group were the same as that in the asthma group. Intragastric administration of mahuang decoction of 0.5 mL was performed 60 minutes before spray. The procedure was conducted for consecutive 7 days. The pathologic change and the lung tissues expression of interleukin-4 (IL-4) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) of the mice in each group were analyzed with hamatoxylin-eosin staining and immunohistochemical staining.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Comparison of airway infiltration cells and lung tissue IFN-γand IL-4 of the mice in each group RESULTS: Totally 36 mice entered the stage of result analysis with no loss in the midway. ① Inflammation of the mice relieved obviously in the treatment group than in the asthma group, and the number of the inflammatory cells in or around bronchi of the mice was significantly less in the treatment group than in the asthma group . ② The number of IL-4 and IFN-γ was significantly increased in the asthma group than in the normal control group, among which , the number of IL-4 was more significant, and the ratio of IFN-γ / IL-4 was decreased. However, the number of IL-4 on the treatment group was significantly decreased, and that of IFN-γ was remarkably increased , and the ratio of IFN-γ / IL-4 was significantly increased as compared with that in the asthma group.CONCLUSION: Asthmatic mice might exist the disequilibrium of Th1/Th2 subgroup. Mahuang decoction can improve the inflammation of bronchus,regulate the ratio of Th1/Th2, which might be one of the mechanism for treatment of asthma.

After the feasibility of hackerspace in medical library and its characteristics with teachers, medical staff and researchers as its main service objects, knowledge communication and sharing as its main service contents were analyzed, its implementation strategies in medical library were put forward, including definite positioning, rational planning, spreading and popularizing, and fund raising.

BACKGROUND: Many methods can reduce panel reactive antibody (PRA) levels in highly sensitized adult patients waiting for renal transplantation. Desensitisation with plasmapheresis or immunoabsorption is commonly used. Howevel the adverse effects limit their applications. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of pretreatment of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) on PRA levels in highly sensitized adult patients waiting for renal transplantation. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: Case analysis, self-contrast of 57 patients waiting for renal transplantation from Ren Transplantation Center. First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University between January 2003 and Novembem 2006. PARTICIPANTS: Fifty-seven adult patients, who were highly sensitized to the human leucocyte antigen (HLA), agcd 21 to 65 years. were selected. The average baselines of PRA levels of patients were(46.7±29.5)%. METHODS: All patients received IVIG pretreatments at a dose of 5 g/d for 2 weeks. as one course of treatment. A weel later. some of them received additional 2 weeks iniection of IVIG. The PRA levels of patients were measured before and just after the IVIG treatments. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: PRA levels. RESULTS: It was significantly decreased below the non-sensitive level(＜10%)in 48 candidates(84.2%),and partially decreased in 6 ones(10.6%),however, was not changed in 3 ones(5.2%).The total effective rate was 94.8%.Thereafter.each candidate received a cadaveric renal graft. The preoperative complement-dependent cytotoxicity of each candidate was blow 10%. Furthermore. no hyperacute rejection was observed in all 57 recipients. Only two recipients experienced acute reiection, however, that was successfully conversed by methylprednisolone and FK506 treatments. CONCLUSION: Pretreatment of IVIG is a promising and effective option for lower allosensitization and can improve transplantation in highly sensitized candidates with end-stage renal diseases.

The advantages of academic journals in application of WeChat were analyzed in aspects of increasing its spreading efficacy and improving the influencing power of academic journals,the implementation of WeChat public platform for academic journals was studied,and the problems in implementation of WeChat public platform for academic journals were pointed out with measures proposed for their solution.

BACKGROUND:Studies have funded that reduced Wnt/β-catenin signaling is involved in the onset and/or progression of bone erosion in rheumatoid arthritis. It can lead to potential new treatment approaches of bone erosion by enhancing Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. R-spondin 1 may act as a Wnt agonist, but there is no study in human osteoblasts. OBJECTIVE:To verify the effect of R-spondin 1 on promoting differentiation and maturation of human osteoblasts by inhibiting DKK1. METHODS:S40-transfected human osteoblast lines, hFOB1.19, were treated with R-spondin 1, Wnt-3a and DKK1 to detecting the proliferation, alkaline phoshpatase activity and osteoprotegerin concentration. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:R-spondin 1 had no effects on hFOB1.19 cel s. Wnt-3a upregulated the activity of alkaline phoshpatase, which could be enhanced by addition of R-spondin 1. R-spondin 1 could reduce the DKK1-mediated inhibition of alkaline phoshpatase activity in hFOB1.19 cel s. R-spondin 1 increased the concentration of osteoprotegerin, and moreover, the promotion of osteoprotegerin by R-spondin 1 alone was stronger than the inhibition by DKK1. These findings suggest that R-spondin 1 can inhibit DKK1 by Wnt/β-catenin signal pathway to promote the differential and maturation of human osteoblasts to excrete osteoprotegerin.

Objective To investigate the effect of STAT3 knockdown on the sensitivity of breast cancer cells with drug-resistant to adriamycin (MCF-7/ADR). Methods Levels of STAT3 and p-STAT3 in MCF-7/ADR and MCF-7 cells were detected by Western Blot. The MCF-7/ADR cells were infected with lentivirus expressing STAT3-shRNA and the negative control vectors in the STAT3-RNAi group and NC group, respectively, wihle the cells in the blank group received no treatment. The transfection efficiency was observed with fluorescence microscope, the mRNA level of STAT3, protein levels of STAT3 and p-STAT3 were detected by qRT-PCR and Western Blot, respectively. MCF-7/ADR cells were treated with different concentrations of adriamycin for 48 hours, cell proliferation was detected by MTT assay and cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry. Results Levels of STAT3 and p-STAT3 in MCF-7/ADR cells were significantly higher than those in the MCF-7 cells (P < 0.05). The levels of STAT3 mRNA, STAT3 and p-STAT3 in the STAT3-RNAi group were significantly lower than those in the Con group and the NC group (P<0.05, respectively). The Adriamycin IC50 in the Con group, NC group and STAT3-RNAi group was (56.1 ± 3.00)ug/mL,(54.9 ± 11.9)ug/mL and (7.6 ± 0.2)ug/mL, respectively. The flow cytometry results showed that the cell apoptosis in the Con group, the NC group and the STAT3-RNAi group was (10.5+0.7)%, (11.7+0.7)%and (34+3.1)%, respectively. Conclusion LV-shRNA-STAT3 can significantly inhibit STAT3 expression and enhance the sensitivity of breast cancer cells to adriamycin, and the underlying mechanism may be related to cell apoptosis.