Background: Microsporum canis is a zoonotic disease that can cause dermatophytosis in animals and humans. Objectives: In clinical practice, ketoconazole (KTZ) and other imidazole drugs are commonly used to treat M. canis infection, but its molecular mechanism is not completely understood.The antifungal mechanism of KTZ needs to be studied in detail. Methods: In this study, one strain of fungi was isolated from a canine suffering with clinical dermatosis and confirmed as M. canis by morphological observation and sequencing analysis.The clinically isolated M. canis was treated with KTZ and transcriptome sequencing was performed to identify differentially expressed genes in M. canis exposed to KTZ compared with those unexposed thereto. Results: At half-inhibitory concentration (½MIC), compared with the control group, 453 genes were significantly up-regulated and 326 genes were significantly down-regulated (p < 0.05). Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis verified the transcriptome results of RNA sequencing. Gene ontology enrichment analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analysis revealed that the 3 pathways of RNA polymerase, steroid biosynthesis, and ribosome biogenesis in eukaryotes are closely related to the antifungal mechanism of KTZ. Conclusions The results indicated that KTZ may change cell membrane permeability, destroy the cell wall, and inhibit mitosis and transcriptional regulation through CYP51, SQL, ERG6, ATM, ABCB1, SC, KER33, RPA1, and RNP genes in the 3 pathways. This study provides a new theoretical basis for the effective control of M. canis infection and the effect of KTZ on fungi.

Objective:To investigate the correlations between subacromial impingement syndrome (SIS) and acromial morphology and subacromial intervals after surgery of proximal humerus fracture.Methods:A retrospective study was conducted of the 62 patients with proximal humerus fracture who had been treated by internal fixation with a locking titanium plate from December 2014 to December 2019 at Department of Orthopedics, People's Hospital of Gaoming District. They were 40 men and 22 women, with an average age of 53.5 years (from 35 to 71 years). By the Neer classification, there were 38 three-part and 24 four-part fractures. The incidence of SIS was determined by Nikolaus's diagnostic criteria. The patients were divided into a SIS group and a non-SIS group. The acromial morphology was observed and the subacromial intervals [acromio-greater tuberosity of humerus interval (AGI) and acromio-plate interval (API)] were measured on postoperative X-ray films. The correlations were analyzed between them and SIS.Results:All patients completed treatments and follow-ups from 3 to 15 months (average, 10 months). There was no incision infection or internal fixation failure. There were 18 cases in the SIS group and 44 ones in the non-SIS group. In the SIS group, 3 cases had type Ⅰ acromion while 15 ones type Ⅱ or type Ⅲ acromion; in the non-SIS group, 20 cases had type Ⅰ acromion while 24 ones type Ⅱ or type Ⅲ acromion. The proportion of patients with type Ⅱ or type Ⅲ acromion in the SIS group was significantly higher than that in the non-SIS group ( P<0.05). AGI and API in the SIS group were (11.6±2.1) mm and (14.2±2.4) mm, significantly shorter than those in the non-SIS group [(15.7±2.8) mm and (18.5±3.2) mm] ( P<0.05). Conclusions:SIS is a common complication after surgery of proximal humerus fracture. Abnormal acromial morphology (type Ⅱ or type Ⅲ acromion), poor fracture reduction (reduced AGI), and high placement of a titanium plate (reduced API) may be all important factors leading to SIS.

Background Indoor air pollution is an important risk factor affecting health of the respiratory system. Studies on indoor air pollution in China are mostly limited to the central and eastern regions, and there are few studies in the rural areas of northwest China. Objective To explore the influencing factors of lung ventilation function and its relationship with indoor air pollution in rural areas of Gansu Province based on a cross-sectional investigation. Methods A total of 399 subjects were selected from four villages in Baiyin and Yuzhong of Gansu Province. Questionnaires were used to collect demographic information, lifestyle, disease history, fuel use, and other information, and physical and functional tests were ordered such as height, weight, and lung function. The Indoor Air Pollution (IAP) exposure index was calculated based on smoking, fuel type, and weekly ventilation. IAP > 5 was defined as a high level of indoor air pollution. Lung function indexes included forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1), FEV1/FVC, forced vital capacity as a percentage of predicted value (FVC%), and forced expiratory volume in the first second as a percentage of predicted value (FEV1%), which were used to determine pulmonary ventilation dysfunction. Logistic regression model was used to evaluate the relationship between indoor air pollution and pulmonary ventilation function, and subgroup analysis was further conducted according to home address and BMI , in order to identify the high-risk population of pulmonary ventilation dysfunction. Results The mean age of the subjects was (56.75±7.31) years old; 155 subjects (38.85%) had normal pulmonary ventilation function, and the other 244 subjects (61.14%) had impaired pulmonary ventilation function; about 89.97% of the subjects were exposed to high level of indoor air pollution (IAP > 5). We found that IAP > 5 (OR=2.327, 95%CI: 1.089-4.974) and use of bituminous coal as the main heating fuel in winter (OR=3.467, 95%CI: 1.197-10.037) increased the risk of pulmonary ventilation dysfunction after adjusting for age, BMI, residence, gender, smoking, drinking, and cardiovascular disease. The subgroup analysis results showed that no ventilation in the living room/bedroom (OR=3.460, 95%CI: 1.116-10.268) increased the risk of pulmonary ventilation dysfunction in Baiyin. Heating with coal stoves and Chinese Kang in the bedroom (OR=2.092, 95%CI: 1.030-4.247) and cooking in the bedroom in winter ( OR =2.954, 95% CI : 1.046-8.344) also increased the risk of pulmonary ventilation dysfunction in the residents with BMI≤24 kg·m⁻². IAP > 5 (OR=3.739, 95%CI: 1.147-12.182) was associated with a significantly increased risk of pulmonary ventilation dysfunction in the BMI > 24 kg·m⁻² subgroup. Conclusion The pulmonary ventilation function of rural residents in Gansu is poor, which is negatively correlated with indoor air pollution. Coal use, overweight, cooking in bedroom, and use of coal stoves and Chinese Kang for heating may increase the risk of pulmonary ventilation dysfunction, while room ventilation is a beneficial factor.