Objective: To obtain ultrasound-CT cardiac imaging fusion methods and test indicators by using multi-modal cardiac image fusion technology during animal experiment, and to verify the feasibility of this method with clinical experiment. Methods: For animal experiment, heart CT images and ultrasound heart valve volume images of 6 Beagle dogs were collected. The alignment points and the annulus planes were aligned using Mimics innovationsuite 19.0 and 3-Matic 11.0 software, and ultrasound heart valve images were fused to CT heart chamber, the registration index was measured in the fused image and the cardiac specimen. The index included the maximum diameter of anterior lateral combination (ALC) of mitral valve to apex (D-ALC), the posterior interior combination (PIC) of mitral valve to apex (D-PIC) and the aortic valve closure (AVC) to apex (D-AVC), and the angle between the plane of mitral annulus and aortic annulus (AMA). In clinical trials, 41 patients with atrial fibrillation underwent CT and transesophageal echocardiography. The images were processed in the same way, and the registration indexes were measured based on CT images and CT-ultrasound fusion images. Results: In animal experiment, the ultrasound-CT images were successfully registered. There was no significant difference in D-ALC, D-PIC, D-AVC nor AMA between the fusion image and the cardiac specimen (all P>0.05). In clinical trials, ultrasound-CT cardiac image fusion registration was successfully performed in all 41 patients. There was no significant difference of D-ALC, D-PIC, D-AVC nor AMA between clinical fusion images and clinical CT images (all P>0.05). After image fusion, 92.68% (38/41) of AMA difference was within 5°, and 87.80% (36/41) of D-ALC, D-PIC, D-AVC difference percentages were within 5%. Conclusion: Cardiac CT-ultrasound image fusion is feasible and accurate using the internal feature of the annulus as an anatomical landmark. The AMA and the distance between the annulus plane and the apex can be used as detection indexes for registration accuracy.

Objective To obtain abundant anatomical information using fusion of ultrasonic valve images and CT heart images and provide new methods of image processing for 3D heart printing . Methods Cardiac examinations of three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography ( 3D-TEE) and DICOM images of 41 patients who had atrial fibrillation without structural cardiac diseases were analyzed retrospectively and the data afterward were processed by using Mimics software . For the single-mode image group ,only the heart CT were invoked as the data sources . For the multimodel image group ,CT and ultrasound images were invoked as the data sources . Valve structures of the 3D reconstructions were graded and the circumferences ,areas and other parameters of the two groups were measured . The images of two groups were overlapped ,and the angles between the two valve planes of each heart were evaluated and analysed . Results Score of valves reconstructed by ultrasound 3D construction was higher than those by CT reconstruction . Measurements of correlated parameters between the 3D-TEE group and the CT group showed no significant statistical difference ( P ＞ 0 .05 ) , and the consistency was well . Ultrasound measurements of 3D reconstructed valves were well concordant with CT reconstructed valves by Bland-Altman analysis . Mean value and standard deviation of the angles between mitral valve annulus and aortic valve ring plane of each heart in the two group were ( 3 .15 ± 0 .88)°,( 2 .87 ± 0 .76)°,respectively . Conclusions Ultrasonic valve images can fuse precisely with CT images and it provides a better displayed morphology . This will help improving simulation quality of the 3D printed hearts .

Objective To evaluate the accuracy of simulated operation before the left atrial appendage ( LAA ) occlusion by filed LAA model with soft materials ,which is based on transesophageal three-dimensional echocardiography ( 3D-TEE) . Methods Silica and hydrogel were mixed to imitate cardiac tissue . Silica and hydrogel mixed materials ,silica and Tangoplus were subjected to mechanical detection and ultrasonic shear wave elastography ( SWE) . The preoperative and postoperative 3D-TEE image processing was performed on 21 patients undergoing LAA occlusion . The silica and hydrogel LAA 3D model ,silicone model and Tangoplus model were acquired to evaluate the accuracy of 3D model . LAA closure was simulated using the 3D models and the compression ratio of the device in models was compared with the value measured in operation . Results The silica and hydrogel mixed materials were successfully prepared . The elastic modulus and stress-strain curve were closer to the myocardial tissue . Twenty-one 3D printing models of three materials were obtained in 21 patients based on 3D-TEE images .There was no significant difference in the anchor zone between the 3D model and 3D-TEE ( P > 0 .05) .The 3D model measurements were consistent with the 3D-TEE measurements .The compression ratios of the decive in the 3D models of all three materials were greater than those measured in operation ,and the compression ratio of the device in the 3D model of silica and hydrogel materials had a better correlation with that measured in operation ( r =0 .900 ,P < 0 .01) .Conclusions The 3D model of LAA made of silica and hydrogel material based on 3D-TEE can improve the accuracy of the LAA occlusion simulation ,also can optimize the preparation of LAA occlusion .

Objective:To investigate the clinical value of integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine based on the concept of enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) in the perioperative period of total knee arthroplasty.Methods:Sixty patients who underwent primary unilateral total knee arthroplasty in Tonglu Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from July 2018 to June 2019 were included in this study. They were randomized as odd numbers to the control group ( n = 30) and even numbers to the observation group ( n = 30). The control group was treated with conventional rehabilitation treatment, while the observation group was subjected to integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine based on the concept of ERAS in the perioperative period of total knee arthroplasty. The perioperative pain, related complications, hospitalization expenses and length of hospital stay were recorded in each group. The Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) was used to evaluate the degree of pain and range of motion of the knee joint. The Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) knee score was also measured to evaluate the curative effects. Results:At 3 and 7 days, 2 and 6 weeks after surgery, knee range of motion score was (63.40 ± 2.80) points, (86.20 ± 4.40) points, (90.30 ± 6.48) points, (100.5 ± 3.39) points, respectively, and at 6 weeks after surgery, HSS knee score was (89.40 ± 5.18) points, in the observation group, which were significantly higher those in the control group [(48.50 ± 4.20) points, (55.40 ± 3.58) points, (77.50 ± 4.38) points, (87.60 ± 4.58) points, (70.50 ± 6.44) points, t = 0.029, 0.013, 0.032, 0.039, 0.042, all P < 0.05]. In the observation group, the VAS score in resting state at 6, 12, 24 and 48 hours after surgery were (3.62 ± 0.40) points, (2.41± 0.52) points, (2.05 ± 0.62) points, (1.93 ± 0.28) points respectively, and the VAS score in active state at 24 and 48 hours were (2.15 ± 0.21) points and (1.71 ± 0.39) points, respectively, which were significantly lower than those in the control group [(5.71 ± 0.63) points, (4.60 ± 0.31) points, (3.84 ± 0.22) points, (3.30 ± 0.21) points, (5.50 ± 0.49) points, (4.80 ± 0.21) points, t = 0.040, 0.035, 0.046, 0.042, 0.027, 0.024, all P < 0.05]. The proportions of patients experiencing postoperative urinary retention, mental disorder, or blood transfusion, length of hospital stay, and hospitalization expenses in the observation group were lower or shorter than those in the control group ( χ2 = 0.003, 0.005, 0.017, t = 0.040, 0.048, all P < 0.05). Conclusion:Integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine based on the concept of ERAS can mitigate postoperative pain, reduce perioperative complications, and promote the recovery of knee joint function, and thereby deserves clinical application.

Objective To evaluate the feasibility and accuracy of mitral valve prolapse( M VP) model made by three‐dimensional( 3D) printing based on three‐dimensional transesophageal echocardiography ( 3D‐T EE) data and the application value for mitral valvuloplasty . Methods 3D‐T EE volumetric data of 28 patients with M VP were acquired and postprocessed ,13 patients underwent mitral valve replacement and 15 patients underwent mitral valvuloplasty . A flexible material was used to made the valve 3D model by molding . T he areas of M VP identified by models were compared with surgical findings ,the circumference and the length and thickness of anterior and posterior mitral leaflets obtained from the valve specimens and the models were compared in the mitral valve replacement group . T he diameter between anterior and posterior ,the diameter between anterolaterior and posteromedial ,annulus area ,height of prolapsed leaflet and area of prolapsed leaflet were measured from 3D models and 3D‐T EE images in mitral valvuloplasty group . Surgical simulations were performed on the 3D models of the mitral valvuloplasty group ,and the water injection test was used to evaluate the surgical results and compared with the surgical results . Results 3D‐T EE volumetric data were successfully postprocessed and made as 3D M VP models in all patients . T he consistency of M VP location based on 3D models and surgical findings was 0 .92 . T he differences between the mitral valve replacement group and mitral valvuloplasty group were not significant ( P＞ 0 .05 ) . A simulation valvuloplasty was successfully performed on the 3D model in mitral valvuloplasty group ,2 patients underwent mitral valve replacement after water injection test . T he remaining 3D models successfully simulated the operation . Conclusions The M VP model made by 3D‐T EE and 3D printing technique has high feasibility and accuracy ,w hich may be promising for the mitral valvuloplasty of M VP .

Adenocarcinoma, Clear Cell/pathology* ; Carcinoma in Situ ; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic ; China ; Endometriosis/pathology* ; Female ; Humans