Liver transplantation (LT) is effective for suitable patients with HCC and may be the only curative treatment for those with unresectable HCC.The outcomes of LT for HCC are closely related with the assessment of transplantation candidates,management of patients on the waiting list and postoperative surveillance for HCC recurrence.PET imaging plays a significant role in LT process.The applications of PET imaging in LT for HCC are reviewed in this article.

Prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA) overexpresses in most prostate cancer (PCa) lesions and plays an important role in the early diagnosis and preoperative staging,clinical decision making,recurrence and metastasis detection as well as targeted therapy.Radionuclide (especially 68Ga and 177Lu) labeled multiple small molecule inhibitors of PSMA have been wildly used in SPECT,PET imaging on PCa,and play an important role in the treatment of metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC).This review summarizes the development in these fields.

Objective:To compare the performance of 68Ga-prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA) PET/CT and MRI in preoperative diagnosis and staging of primary prostate cancer. Methods:Twenty-four patients with prostate cancer, who underwent preoperative 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT and prostate MRI in Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology between April 2018 and December 2019, were retrospectively enrolled. The pathological and follow-up results were considered as the gold standard, and diagnostic efficiencies of the 2 imaging methods were compared per patient and per type of lesions (seminal vesicle invasion, bladder neck invasion, lymph node metastasis and bone metastasis). The χ2 test was used for data analysis. Results:Prostate cancer was confirmed by pathology in 24 patients, including 6 cases with both seminal vesicle and bladder neck invasion, 5 cases with seminal vesicle invasion and 3 cases with invasion of bladder neck. Gleason scores in patients were as follow: 7 in 9 patients, 8-9 in 15 patients. The detection rates of 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT and MRI for primary prostate cancer were both 100%(24/24). The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT and MRI for detecting seminal vesicle invasion were 10/11, 13/13, 95.8%(23/24) and 9/11, 11/13, 83.3%(20/24), respectively. The specificity and accuracy were significantly different ( χ2 values: 6.231, 13.470, both P<0.05). The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT and MRI for detecting bladder invasion, which were 7/9, 13/15, 83.3%(20/24) and 3/9, 14/15, 70.8%(17/24), respectively, were not significantly different( χ2 values: 1.285, 0.164, 2.880, all P>0.05). Furthermore, the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT for detecting pelvic lymph node metastasis were 11/11, 13/13 and 100%(24/24), respectively, and those of MRI for evaluating pelvic lymph node metastasis were 6/11, 11/13 and 70.8%(17/24), and the specificity of the 2 methods were significantly different ( χ2=6.231, P<0.05). All the 5 patients with pelvic bone metastasis were positive on 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT imaging, but only 2 of them were positive on MRI. Information from 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT changed pelvic TNM stage in 41.7%(10/24) patients who underwent MRI for initial staging. Conclusions:68Ga-PSMA PET/CT imaging and MRI can both accurately detect intermediate- to high-risk primary prostate cancer and seminal vesicle invasion. 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT imaging is superior to MRI for evaluating lymph nodes and bone metastasis. 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT provides high accuracy for preoperative diagnosing and staging intermediate- to high-risk prostate cancer.