To detect and phylogeneticaly analyze arenavirus carried by wild rodents in Ningbo ,China ,two pairs of degener‐ate‐primers were designed to amplify the S and L gene of arenavirus ,and then RT‐PCR was applied to detect arenavirus carried by rodents which captured from Ningbo port area .All 73 rodents samples were detected ,of which 12 Rattus norvegicus were positive ,an arenavirus virus strain named DX1401 were separated .The S gene amplified products of DX1401 was about 413 bp ,and the L gene was 1 204 bp .The phylogenetic analysis of S segments showed that DX1401 strain was in one branch of phylogenetic tree with Mobala virus strain ACAR3080 .The genetic distance to Mobala virus strain ACAR3080 was the closest , with the value of 0 .467 ;the phylogenetic analysis of L segments showed that DX1401 strain were in one group of phylogenetic tree with Lassa virus strain Josiah ,NL ,Z148 ,Bamba‐R114 ,Soromba‐R ,Nig08‐A37 ,Nig08‐A47 ,Mobala virus strain ACAR3080 ,Morogoro virus strain 13017/2004 ,Mopeia virus strain Mozambique ,and AN 21366‐BNI .The genetic distance to Mobala virus strain ACAR3080 was the closest ,with the value of 6 .953 .In conclusion ,the study confirmed the existence of arenavirus popular in wild rodents in Ningbo ,China .

BACKGROUND: Ischemic postconditioning protects the myocardium from ischemia/recursion injury via maintaining 3-minute acidosis initially. But its effect on the skeletal muscle remains unclear. OBJECTIVE: To dynamically measure the pH values in rat skeletal muscle after ischemia, and then to simulate acidic perfusate infusion to investigate the effect of ischemic postconditioning on ischemia/reperfusion injury. METHODS: Based on the ischemia/reperfusion injury model and ischemic postconditioning protocol in previous study, dynamic measurement of pH values in rat skeletal muscle was conducted using pH instrument at the global ischemia, ischemic postconditioning (30/30 seconds) and reperfusion period, and then the acidic perfusate equivalent to pH in ischemic postconditioning period was prepared with lactic acid and normal saline. Twenty-five healthy adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into sham, ischemia/reperfusion, ischemic postconditioning, lactic acid, and normal saline groups (n=5 per group). Blood samples were collected to detect lactate dehydrogenase level. The samples from gastrocnemius were harvested to calculate the wet/dry ratio, level of myeloperoxidase, and infarct size through triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining. The samples from the right tibialis anterior muscle were taken to detect the expression level of Erk1/2 in the MAPK signaling pathway by western blot assay. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: A prolonged acidic platform was detected in the early reperfusion during ischemic postconditioning, on which the pH value was 6.81±0.133, and the duration was 2 minutes and 40 seconds. The levels of lactate dehydrogenase and myeloperoxidase as well as the wet/dry ratio in the ischemic postconditioning and lactic acid groups were significantly lower than those in the ischemia/reperfusion group (P < 0.05). Western blot assay results showed that the expression level of p-Erk in the ischemic postconditioning, lactic acid and normal saline groups was significantly higher than that in the ischemia/reperfusion group (P < 0.05). Triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining results showed that compared with the ischemia/reperfusion group, the infarct area was significantly reduced in the postconditioning and lactic acid groups (P < 0.05). These findings suggest the existence of a short acidosis during ischemic postconditioning in the early reperfusion, and acidic perfusate can simulate the ischemic postconditioning and effectively attenuate ischemia/reperfusion injury in the rat skeletal muscle via activating Erk1/2 in RISK signaling pathway.

Objective To investigate the feasibility and safety of surgical device closure of doubly committed sub-arterial ventricular septal defect via left sub-axillary.Methods A total of 45 patients diagnosed as doubly committed sub-arterial ventricular septal defect (dcVSD) with transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) and transesophageal echocardiography(TEE) were enrolled from June 2014 to August 2016 in Henan Children Heart Center,Henan Provincial People's Hospital.There were 39 males and 6 females,with the mean age of (2.2 ±2.1) years old(0.5-8.0 years),the body weight (13.8 ± 7.1) kg(7.0-34.1 kg),the defect size (4.5 ± 1.0) mm (3.0-8.0 mm).After general anesthesia,the patients were in supine and evaluated by TEE which indicated whether they were fit to closure.Then,they were turned to the right lateral position while this technique was determined.A vertical incision of 2-3 cm was made between the third and the fifth intercostal space and invasion in thoracic space via fourth intercostal space.Puncture was done at the anterior surface of right ventricular outlet tract to build a delivery tract.The occluder was released and the VSD was occluded under transesophageal echocardiography guidance.Results Forty-one patients had a successful surgical dcVSD closure with asymmetric occluders sized (6.0 ± 1.5) mm(4-10 mm).Among 4 failure cases,2 cases (4.4％) were switched to open-heart surgical repair,1 case (2.2％) due to device related aortic regurgitation,the rest 1 case (2.2％) experienced a dislocation of occluder into pulmonary artery and was converted to surgical repair after retrieve of occluder.Trivial residual shunt was detected in 2 cases (4.4％) postoperatively,a spontaneous closure was observed by 1 month follow-up and 3 months follow-ups,respectively.All the patients were discharged 5 to 8 days after the operation.With a follow-up of (10.4 ±5.0) months [3-24 months],there were no complications such as pericardial effusion,displacement of device,atrioventricular block or new valvular dysfunction.Conclusions Minimally invasive device closure of doubly committed sub-arterial ventricular septal defect via left sub-axillary is a feasible and safe treatment for closure of dcVSD.This technique has advantages of minor wound,less exudation,covert incision,however,long term follow-up is necessary.

The application of artificial retina was introduced. The principal characteristics of artificial retina material were reviewed in particular. Moreover, the recent research development and application prospect were discussed.
Animals ; Bioartificial Organs ; trends ; Humans ; Prosthesis Design ; Retina ; Tissue Engineering ; methods

Subretinal prosthesis is one kind of retinal prosthesis, which means that a microimplant based on MEMS technology is inserted in the subretinal space to stimulate the optic nerve and elicit an electrical-evoked response on the cortical region. The subretinal implant is made up of extraocular part and intraocular part. As an important part, the latter consists of accessorial setting and stimulation chip that contains microphotodiode array (MPDA) and microelectrodes. The paper main body is made up of four parts. Firstly significance of the retinal prosthesis is given out; secondly fundamentals on both in retina physiology and retinal prosthesis theory are introduced simply. Then the key segment about the subretinal microimplant is presented in detail. In the third segment, first of all is its design concept, the second is fabrication of MPDA which consists of several parts. First is microscopic configuration, electric prototype schematic and chip image CMOS. The second is detailed fabrication flow with several special materials. Then is situation of its dimension. The fourth segment presents challenge and outlook.
Artificial Organs ; Electric Stimulation Therapy ; instrumentation ; Electrodes, Implanted ; Evoked Potentials, Visual ; physiology ; Humans ; Microelectrodes ; Prosthesis Implantation ; methods ; Retina ; physiology ; surgery ; Visual Perception ; physiology

The energy supply for the stimulation arrays is the key component in retinal implants. Usually, the thin film solar cell is used to supply energy, but it can not supply enough stimulation power. One of the general idea of incident energy supply is radio frequency (RF) circuit. Another method is to convert near infrared (NIR) radiation and enable retina cell stimulation. In this paper, firstly, we aim at listing these two energy supply methods, and introduce the characteristics of RF circuit and NIR conversion method. Especially, we present the design procedure in detail. The next part is a discussion on the advantage and disadvantage of adopting these two methods. At last, we explicate the new research and application of the energy supply for the use as retinal implants, and we envisage the future.
Animals ; Blindness ; rehabilitation ; Electric Power Supplies ; Electric Stimulation ; instrumentation ; methods ; Electrodes, Implanted ; Evoked Potentials, Visual ; physiology ; Humans ; Prosthesis Design ; Prosthesis Implantation ; methods ; Retina ; physiology

Objective To summarize the experiences of aneurysmorrhaphy for arteriovenous fistula aneurysms with acute thrombosis in hemodialysis patients.Methods There were 7 cases of arteriovenous fistula with acute thrombosis from Nov 2015 to Feb 2017 at our department of vascular surgery,Longhua Hospital.Results In all cases thrombosis was secondary to proximal stenosis or occlusion.The stenosis and occlusion were corrected with embolectomy and aneurysmorrhaphy.The proximal part of the cephalic vein was translocated to the basilic vein in 1 case,axillary vein in 2 cases;autologous vein graft in 1 case;resection of the occlusion,end-to-end anastomosis in 1 case;autogenous patch in 1 case.No perioperative complications occurred.The operation site was cannulated within one month after operation in all cases.Patients were followed up for 7 months to 23 months,all cases were patent.Conclusions Aneurysmorrhaphy is effective,reliable and safe for arteriovenous fistula aneurysms with acute thrombosis in hemodialysis patients.

Objective To investigate the epidemic features of pediatric allergic rhinitis (AR) in Chongqing City .Methods The children aged 2 to 12 years old from 11 kindergartens and primary schools in Chongqing City were randomly extracted as the study subjects .The AR questionnaire was designed and conducted the epidemiologic survey and statistical analysis .Results The self-reported AR prevalence rate among children in Chongqing City was 28 .5% (334/1170) .The clinical diagnosis rate was 18 .1%(212/1170) and definite diagnosis rate was 17 .3% (202/1170);intermittent AR accounted for 36 .6% (74/202) and persistent AR accounted for 63 .4% (128/202) .Among the nasal symptoms in AR children patients ,nasal itch occupied the highest proportion (70 .7% ) ,followed by nasal discharge(59 .3% ) ,nasal obstruction(56 .3% ) and continuous sneezing (45 .5% );complicating ocular symptoms accounted for 34 .1% ,those with cough symptom accounted for 56 .9% .Eczema was the most common concomitant dis-ease for children with AR(37 .7% ) ,followed by allergic conjunctivitis (27 .5% ) ,nasosinusitis(26 .9% ) ,epistaxis(25 .1% ) ,asthma (19 .2% ) and secretory otitis media (6 .6% ) .Conclusion The self-reported morbidity rate of children AR in Chongqing City is higher and persistent AR is more common than intermittent AR .

Objective To evaluate the clinical outcomes of hemodialysis patients after superficial femoral artery - superficial femoral vein arteriovenous graft (AVG). Methods Hemodialysis patients with mid - thigh superficial femoral artery - superficial femoral vein AVG from August 2015 to March 2018 in department of vascular surgery, Longhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine were enrolled. Their clinical outcomes and complications after operation were analyzed retrospectively. Patency rates were measured by Kaplan - Meier survival curve. Results A total of 18 cases were enrolled. The success rate of the operation was 100％without complication. Follow - up time was (22.00 ± 11.77) months with 100％ follow - up rate. The 6 months -, 12 months -, 24 months - primary patency rates were 83.3％±8.8％, 48.5％±12.1％, 24.2％± 13.5％, respectively; secondly patency rates were 100.0％, 100.0％, 87.5％±11.7％. There were 1 case of seroma, 1 case of puncture site infection, 11 cases of stenosis and 5 cases thrombosis during follow-up, while no heart failure, ischemia or pseudoaneurysm. Conclusion Mid - thigh AVG has low infection rate and high patency rate, so it can be as the first choice for the lower extremity AVG in hemodialysis patients.

Objective:To explore the clinical value of the geriatric potentially inappropriate medication(PIM)evaluation system in elderly inpatients.Methods:As a prospective cohort study, 203 elderly inpatients with polypharmacy were randomly divided into the control group and experimental group.Geriatric PIM evaluation system(based on the criteria for judging potential inappropriate drug use in Chinese elderly 2017 edition)on wechat platform was applied to patients of experimental group.During the 6 months, the number of elderly syndromes, types of drugs, the days in hospitalization, readmission rates and all-cause mortality were compared between two groups.Results:The age of 203 elderly inpatients ranged from 60 to 94(77.30±10.34)years, including 121 males and 82 females.The morbidity proportion of top five diseases were 69.95%(142/203)in cerebral infarction(non-acute phase), 62.07%(126/203)in hypertension, 24.14%(49/203)in coronary heart disease, 9.85%(20/203)in atrial fibrillation, and 6.40%(13/203)in cardiac insufficiency.The 97.53%(198/203)of elderly hospitalized patients had at least one senile syndrome, the average was 4.3±2.0.Insomnia, fall and frailty accounted for 32.87%(15/198), 28.45%(56/198)and 13.66%(27/198)respectively.Compared with the control group, the average length of stay in hospital in the experimental group significantly decreased[(16.38±4.29) vs.(21.32±6.10)d, t=2.438、 P=0.025], the number of senile syndrome, the score of fall, weakness and the re-admission rate were also decreased significantly(3.11±2.14 vs.4.32±1.50, t=0.854、 P=0.032; 6.19±1.35 vs.8.61±3.22, t=4.078、 P=0.044; 3.94±1.92 vs.5.65±1.34, t=2.843、 P=0.038; 9.81%(10/102) vs.1.98%(2/101), χ2=4.772、 P=0.029), and the frequency of PIM was significantly different between two groups(417.36±49.21 vs.210.25±38.23, t=2.136、 P=0.034). Conclusions:After making the drug adjustment on the elderly inpatients with multiple drugs, PIM evaluation system for the elderly are able to reduce the incidence of geriatric syndrome, shorten the length of stay in hospital, improve the rational use of drugs, and enhance the quality of life of the elderly patients.