Objective To optimize the flash extraction process of Huangyu Shenshu Granules based on Box-Behnken design-response surface methodology. Methods The extraction yields of morroniside and loganin, as well as the yield of dry extract, were used as evaluation indices. The rotation speed, liquid-solid ratio, and extraction time were selected as the investigation factors. Based on preliminary experiments, combined with Box-Behnken design-response surface methodology, the flash extraction process of Huangyu Shenshu Granules was studied and optimized. Results The optimal condition for the flash extraction of Huangyu Shenshu Granules were taking water as the extraction solvent, with a rotation speed of 4, 560 r/min, a liquid-solid ratio of 23 mL/g, and an extraction time of 85 s. Conclusion The flash extraction process established based on Box-Behnken design-response surface methodology is rapid and efficient, and suitable for the subsequent industrialization development of Huangyu Shenshu Granules.

OBJECTIVETo clone and express VP1-VP4 genes encoding the structural proteins of Coxsackie virus A16 and analyze the antigenicity of the expressed recombinant proteins.

METHODSThe VP1-VP4 cDNAs were amplified with RT-PCR from the extracted viral RNA and cloned into pMD19-T vectors. The VP1-VP4 genes were inserted to the multi-cloning sites of the plasmid pQE30a, and the protein expressions in E. coli M15 were induced by IPTG. After purification by washing with 8 mol/L urea under denaturing condition, the recombinant proteins were identified by Western blotting and ELISA for their immunogenicity against rabbit antisera of Coxsackie virus A16 and enterovirus 71, respectively.

RESULTSThe recombinant VP1-VP4 proteins were highly expressed in E. coli M15. The purified proteins could be recognized by rabbit antiserum of Coxsackie virus A16 and showed cross reactivity with the rabbit antiserum of Enterovirus 71.

CONCLUSIONThe recombinant Coxsackie virus A16 VP1-VP4 proteins obtained possess good antigenicity.

Antigens, Viral ; genetics ; immunology ; Capsid Proteins ; classification ; genetics ; immunology ; Cloning, Molecular ; Enterovirus A, Human ; genetics ; Gene Expression ; Genetic Vectors ; Plasmids ; Recombinant Proteins ; genetics ; immunology ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction

Objective To summarize the experience with cadaveric renal transplantation for improving the long-term survival rate of the recipients.Methods The clinical data of 1210 cases(773 men and 437 women;age range,6-75 years) of cadaveric kidney transplantation from 1986 to 2003 were analyzed retrospectively,including the resection of the donor's kidneys,surgical techniques,use of immunosuppressants,and complications.The 1210 patients underwent renal transplantation for most of them(1047 cases) suffered from chronic glomerulonephritis.Lymphocytotoxicity test was performed in 1210 cases with all

Objective To assess the prognostic value of C-reactive protein/albumin (CRP/Alb) ratio in patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC).Methods The study comprised 406 ccRCC patients undergoing nephrectomy between January 2003 and December 2012 in our hospital.There were 253 males and 153 females,aged 24-80 years,with a median age of 58 years.There were 355 cases with TNM Ⅰ stage,38 cases with Ⅱ stage,30 cases with Ⅲ stage,3 cases with Ⅳ stage.There were 376 cases with tumor necrosis and 40 cases without tumor necrosis.There were 395 cases of vascular invasion,21 cases without vessel invasion.The correlations among the pretreatment CRP/Alb ratio,clinicopathological parameters,and overall survival (OS) were evaluated.We compared the prognostic value of the CRP/Alb ratio with GPS and mGPS using the area under the curve (AUC).Results CRP/Alb ratio was associated with age at surgery (P =0.007),TNM stage (P ＜ 0.001),tumor necrosis (P ＜ 0.001) and lymphovascular invasion (P ＜ 0.001),and OS (P ＜ 0.001).The multivariate analysis confirmed that the CRP/Alb ratio independently predicted the OS of patients with ccRCC (P ＜ 0.001),the Glasgow prognostic score (GPS) (P =0.001) and modified GPS (mGPS) (P =0.019) were also independent prognostic factors.For predicting 3-year survival,the AUC values for CRP/Alb (continuous),CRP/Alb (categorical),GPS and mGPS were 0.88,0.84,0.85,0.80.For predicting 5-year survival,the AUC values for CRP/Alb (continuous),CRP/Alb (categorical),GPS and mGPS were 0.80,0.79,0.76,0.72.The CRP/Alb ratio was superior to GPS and mGPS in predicting the 3-or 5-year survival rate of ccRCC patients.Conclusions The CRP/Alb ratio could be an independent prognostic factor in ccRCC patients.The CRP/Alb ratio could take the place of the GPS and mGPS in terms of predicting prognosis in ccRCC.

Objective To observe the influence of functional ankle instability(FAI)on balance and lower limb explosive power. Methods A total of 26 male FAI participants,13 bilateral(bilateral group)and 13 left(left group),who regularly en-gaged in high-intensity exercise,were recruited at Harbin Sport University in May,2024.Meanwhile,13 unin-jured male participants who engaged in high-intensity exercise were recruited as control group.They were mea-sured the moving area of the left foot,right foot and body center of gravity standing on feet with the eyes opened and closed;as well as the sway angle,confidence ellipse diameter(maximum and minimum)to circle area ratio,sway ratio and confidence ellipse standing on single foot,with Gaitview plantar pressure analysis system.They were also tested with Y-balance test(YBT),and were measured flight time and center of gravity height during jumps single leg left/right drift,stiffness and counter movement jump using Opto-jump Optical Measurement of Motor Quality. Results There were significant differences among the groups in swing angle,confidence ellipse diameter(maximum and minimum)to circle area ratio,swing ratio and confidence ellipse as left-leg stance with eyes closed(F>3.300,P<0.05),which was the least in the control group(P<0.05).Swing angle,swing ratio and confidence ellipse were also different among the groups as right-leg stance with eyes closed(F>4.404,P<0.05),and they were less in the control group than in the bilateral group(P<0.05),and less in the left group than in the bilateral group(P<0.05),except swing angle.There was a significant difference in YBT results(F>3.649,P<0.05),which was the least in the bilateral group(P<0.05).There were significant differences in the flight time and center of gravity height during counter movement jump(F>7.458,P<0.01),which was the least in the bilateral group(P<0.05). Conclusion FAI may impair the static balance as single-leg stance with eyes closed,dynamic balance and lower limb ex-plosive power.

Objective To study the value of postmortem imaging on the diagnosis of intestinal perforation.Method Postmortem imaging(PMCT and PMCTA)data of 2 intestinal perforation deaths(and 4 controlled cases)were reviewed retrospectively.Diagnosing capacities of intestinal perforation by postmortem imaging method were further investigated.Results PMCT is sensitive in detecting the free air and liquid induced by intestinal perforation.PMCT can sometimes detect the gravity-dependent purulent secretions in the abdominopelvic cavity.PMCTA can visualize the extravasation of contrast agent from the perforation,which can be used to locate the accurate perforation region.Conclusion Postmortem imaging method(PMCT and PMCTA)is an important tool for the diagnosis of intestinal perforation,which can not only be used as a forensic diagnosis method,but is also useful to locate the perforation site before an forensic autopsy.

Objective:To investigate the intention of medical students to be vaccinated against COVID-19 and to analyze the influencing factors.Methods:A self-filled electronic questionnaire survey was conducted among medical students from a medical school in Shanghai randomly selected from June 21 to 29, 2021. The questionnaire contained items of basic information, intention for COVID-19 vaccination, awareness of COVID-19 prevention measures and awareness of COVID-19 vaccine. Logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors.Results:The average age of the 966 respondents was (20.4±2.9) years, and 63.6% (614/966) of them were female;23.7% (229/966) of them had family members or relatives who had participated in anti-pandemic work or volunteer service;90.6% (875/966) of the respondents expressed they were very willing or willing to be vaccinated against COVID-19. The majority of the respondents thought that “COVID-19 infection is very serious” (94.3%, 911/966), “good protection can effectively prevent COVID-19 infection” (92.4%, 893/966), and “they can fully implement all kinds of protection measures” (73.5%, 710/966). About half of the respondents (51.8%, 501/966) knew about the adverse reactions and contraindications of COVID-19 vaccine. The low protected capability (47.4%, 458/966), short duration of protection (50.6%, 489/966), and many side effects (48.7%, 470/966) were the major concerns about COVID-19 vaccine. Logistic regression analysis showed that people thought that “COVID-19 infection is very serious” ( OR=5.30, 95 %CI:2.60-10.81, P<0.001), thought that “good protection can effectively prevent COVID-19 infection” ( OR=2.46, 95 %CI:1.26-4.81, P=0.009), thought that “they can fully implement all kinds of protection measures” ( OR=2.55, 95 %CI:1.53-4.25, P<0.001) were more willing to receive COVID-19 vaccination. While those concerned about vaccine quality did the opposite ( OR=0.29, 95 %CI:0.13-0.65, P=0.003). Conclusions:Medical students have a high intention of vaccination against COVID-19. The vaccine-related knowledge quality should be emphasized in future publicity to further enhance the intention of COVID-19 vaccination.

Objective:To explore the application value of histogram and texture feature analysis based on CT images in distinguishing long bone osteosarcoma (OS) from Ewing sarcoma (ES).Methods:A retrospective collection of 25 patients with long bone osteosarcoma and 25 patients with Ewing sarcoma confirmed by surgery and pathology in National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University and Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, from March 2018 to May 2023 was conducted. All patients were randomly divided into a training set (21 cases of OS and 19 cases of ES) and a validation set (4 cases of OS and 6 cases of ES) in an 8∶2 ratio. The region of interest (ROI) on CT images to extract texture feature parameters was manually sketched. Random forest and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) algorithm were used for feature screening. Logistic regression (LR), random forest (RF), support vector machine (SVM) and K-nearest neighbor (KNN) classifiers were used to establish models respectively. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC)curve was drawn and area under the curve (AUC) was calculated to evaluate the diagnostic efficiency of the four models.Results:A total of 100 texture parameters were extracted from CT images, and 8 feature parameters (maximum 3D diameter, 10th percentile, kurtosis, maximum pixel intensity value, inverse normalization, grayscale level variance, long range high grayscale emphasis, and low grayscale area emphasis) were obtained through screening. Four classifiers were used to establish models, and the AUC values of the four models (LR, RF, SVM, KNN) in the validation group were 0.92, 0.79, 0.83, and 0.73, respectively. LR and SVM classifier algorithm trains models had high diagnostic efficiency, with an accuracy of 90%, sensitivity of 83%, specificity of 100%, and AUC of 92% for the LR classifier validation set; the accuracy of SVM classifier validation set was 80%, sensitivity was 67%, specificity was 100%, and AUC was 83%.Conclusions:LR and SVM models have high value in distinguishing OS and ES.

Objective: To evaluate the diagnostic efficiency and accuracy of endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) on vascular involvement of pancreatic cancer. Methods: Patients, suspected pancreatic cancer with vascular involvement by CT scan in Huashan Hospital, Fudan University from January 2014 to March 2019, were enrolled prospectively in the study. EUS was performed to evaluate the vascular involvement compared with surgical pathological results. Results: A total of 132 patients with pancreatic cancer were enrolled in the study, and they all underwent EUS observation and radical resection with vessels resection. There were 103 cases of cancer in pancreatic head, 19 cancers in pancreatic neck and 10 cancers in distal pancreas. The diagnostic sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of EUS was 97.4% (113/116), 81.2% (13/16), and 95.5% (126/132), respectively for pancreatic cancers with vein involvement; while was 33.3% (2/6), 90.0% (81/90), and 86.5% (83/96), respectively, for pancreatic cancers with superior mesentery artery involvement. Conclusion EUS may play a key role in diagnosis of vascular involvement of pancreatic cancer, and be helpful for the surgical decision marking.