‘Two-way’ training of teaching basic skill and medical education method was conducted for young and middle-aged teachers according to characteristics of clinical teachers in teaching hospitals.After two years of training,clinical teachers' teaching ability and teaching enthusiasm and the quality of classroom teaching have obviously improved based on the analysis of related data.Clinical teacher training strengthen the teaching faculty quantitatively.This thesis discussed the importance of clinical teachers' training and further explored the improvement of clinical teacher education mode.

Objective To explore the tridimensional personality characteristics of heroin addicts and the relationship with their mental state.Methods The personality character of 113 general adult and 100 heroin addicts were tested with tridimensional personality questionnaire(TPQ),and the mental state for the heroin addicts were tested with symptom of check- list(SCL-90) and to contrast the consequence with the norm of Chinese.Results NS and HA scores in heroin addicts( ( 18.07 ±4.13),( 16.06 ± 5.13) ) were higher than those in normal control group( ( 16.22 ± 4.88),( 13.98 ± 6.11 ) ) (P ＜ 0.05 ),and RD scores ( 17.22 t 3.18 ) was lower than that of the control group (18.27 ± 3.73 ),the difference was statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05 ).The total score of SCL-90 and 9 factors score of heroin addicts were higher than the national norm,the difference was statistically significant (P ＜ 0.01 ),in which somatization,obsession,depression and psychosis were more prominent ; HA scores in heroin addicts were positively associated with the factors including obsession,interpersonal relation sensitivity,depression and positive project number.The Pearson correlation coefficient were respectively 0.226,0.243,0.201,0.215,the difference was statistically significant (P＜ 0.05).Conclusion The personality characteristics of heroin addicts is special and is correlated with their mental health state.

Objective To investigate the influence of circadian rhythm,gender and stain on the tail suspension test in mice.Methods The immobility time of male and female Kunming,BALB/C and C57BL/6 mice in daytime or night were analyzed.Results ① The immobility time of Kunming mice during the day ( ( 114.24 ±11.18)s) was significantly more than that at night ( (65.39 ± 19.17)s).② The immobility time of male BALB/C mice( (68.57 ± 11.27 ) s) was significantly less than that of female BALB/C mice( ( 113.33 ± 3.87 ) s).③ The immobility time of C57BL/6 mice was significant more than that of Kunming and BALB/C mice under the same condition.Conclusions Circadian rhythm,gender and strain could significantly affect the immobility time of mice in tail suspension test.To increase the sensitivity and reliability of the tail suspension test,male Kunming and female BALB/C mice should be tested during the daytime.Compared to Kunming and BALB/C mice,the results of C57BL/6 mice were more stable.

Objective: To understand the attitudes and perceptions of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) practitioners in Beijing TCM hospitals regarding the use of Ephedra sinica Stapf (E. sinica, Ma Huang). Methods: A two-stage cross-sectional study was conducted using a questionnaire survey of TCM practitioners in Beijing TCM hospitals between April 2023 and March 2024. The questionnaire included demographic information, the clinical background of TCM practitioners, and the clinical application of E. sinica. Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the relevant influencing factors when using E. sinica. Results: Of the 465 questionnaires collected, 441 were valid. Among these, 84.81% (374/441) reported having used E. sinica in clinical practice at least once. The commonly used doses of E. sinica—excluding the pediatric department—were 10 g for high doses, 6 g for medium, and 3 g for low. The three most frequently used formulas for E. sinica included Maxing Shigan decoction, Mahuang decoction, and Xiao Qing Long decoction. The most common TCM patterns treated with a high dose of E. sinica were wind-cold exterior pattern, wind-cold invading the lung, and wind and water combat with meridians congealed by cold. The top three Western medical diagnoses when using E. sinica for treatment were common cold, pneumonia, and upper respiratory tract infections. Nearly half of the respondents reported experiencing adverse reactions from the oral administration of E. sinica, with the most common being palpitations, insomnia, and restlessness. Starting with a low dose and gradually increasing it as appropriate was identified as an effective approach. Conclusion This study investigated the attitudes and perceptions of TCM practitioners in Beijing TCM hospitals regarding the dose–efficacy–adverse reaction relationship of E. sinica, providing a reference for the safe and effective clinical use of E. sinica.

Non-image forming functions of eyes include the regulation of biological circadian rhythm and biological magnetoreception.Biological magnetoreception means that various organisms including human obtain the direction and position information through the geomagnetic field.Creatures with retina realize magnetoreception regarding retinal cryptochrome as magnetoreceptor.Hypotheses of magnetoreception contain the radical-pair theory and the biological compass theory.The two theories both reckon retinal elements as possible receptor protein of magnetoreception, and eyes as receptor organ.The radical-pair theory suggests that change of radical spin influences the structure of retinal cryptochrome, leading to different downstream chemical reaction products, which makes the variable magnetic field information perceivable.And the biological compass theory proposes a rod-like complex composed of polymerized cryptochromes and magnetoreceptor proteins, which can point to different directions due to light and magnetic signals.These changes in retina transmit geomagnetic field signal to the brain, and then sense of direction is formed.Researching biological magnetoreception promotes a novel perspective in the diagnosis and treatment of eye and brain diseases, and brings innovation in magnetic material field.In this article, non-image forming functions of eyes, hypotheses of magnetoreception and possible mechanism of non-image forming functions of eyes in magnetoreception were reviewed.

Objective To evaluate the efficiency and safety of micropulse laser trabeculoplasty (MLT) for open angle glaucoma ( OAG) patients and ocular hypertension ( OHT) patients. Methods A prospective self-controlled study was designed. Fifty-six eyes of 56 OAG and OHT patients in Peking University Third Hospital were recruited from June 2016 to June 2017,including 32 males and 24 females with the age of (50. 4±19. 0) years old. The diagnosis included 48 eyes of primary open angle glaucoma (POAG),3 eyes of normal tension glaucoma and 5 eyes of OHT. The best corrected vision acuity ( BCVA) was 0. 7 ±0. 3 before treatment. The intraocular pressure (IOP) before MLT was (20.4±5.8) mmHg,the average types of antiglaucoma medications was 1.7,including systemic medication and local drug use. The general information, BCVA, IOP and antiglaucoma medication were recorded. Only one eye of each patient was treated by MLT. The IOP at different follow-up time points (2 hours, 1 day,1 week, 1 month, 3 months post-treatment) and the number of antiglaucoma medication before and after treatment were compared. This study protocol was approved by Ethic Committee of Peking University Third Hospital (No. 2014166). Written informed consent was obtained from each subject prior to any medical examination. Results The IOP after MLT was (20. 2±6. 7),(17. 6±4. 4),(18. 1±4. 5),(17. 4±3. 4) and (17. 0±2. 1)mmHg at 2 hours, 1 day,1 week,1 month and 3 months,respectively,with significant difference among the different time points ( F=7. 320,P<0. 001). Compared with the IOP before treatment,the IOP at 1 day,1 week,1 month and 3 months after treatment were significantly decerased,with significant differences between them (all at P<0. 05). Three months after treatment,the average number of glaucoma medications used was 1. 5, and only local administration was used. Infection,hyphema,cornea injury,burns and other complications were not seen in all the patients. Conclusions MLT is effective and safety for OAG and OHT patients,and reduce the use of glaucoma drugs.

De novo variants (DNVs) are one of the most significant contributors to severe earlyonset genetic disorders such as autism spectrum disorder, intellectual disability, and other developmental and neuropsychiatric (DNP) disorders. Presently, a plethora of DNVs have been identified using next-generation sequencing, and many efforts have been made to understand their impact at the gene level. However, there has been little exploration of the effects at the isoform level. The brain contains a high level of alternative splicing and regulation, and exhibits a more divergent splicing program than other tissues. Therefore, it is crucial to explore variants at the transcriptional regulation level to better interpret the mechanisms underlying DNP disorders. To facilitate a better usage and improve the isoform-level interpretation of variants, we developed NeuroPsychiatric Mutation Knowledge Base (PsyMuKB). It contains a comprehensive, carefully curated list of DNVs with transcriptional and translational annotations to enable identification of isoformspecific mutations. PsyMuKB allows a flexible search of genes or variants and provides both table-based descriptions and associated visualizations, such as expression, transcript genomic structures, protein interactions, and the mutation sites mapped on the protein structures. It also provides an easy-to-use web interface, allowing users to rapidly visualize the locations and characteristics of mutations and the expression patterns of the impacted genes and isoforms. PsyMuKB thus constitutes a valuable resource for identifying tissue-specific DNVs for further functional studies of related disorders. PsyMuKB is freely accessible at http://psymukb.net.

BACKGROUND:Disseminated intravascular coagulation(DIC)is associated with increased mortality in sepsis patients.In this study,we aimed to assess the clinical ability of sepsis-induced coagulopathy(SIC)and sepsis-associated coagulopathy(SAC)criteria in identifying overt-DIC and pre-DIC status in sepsis patients. METHODS:Data from 419 sepsis patients were retrospectively collected from July 2018 to December 2022.The performances of the SIC and SAC were assessed to identify overt-DIC on days 1,3,7,or 14.The SIC status or SIC score on day 1,the SAC status or SAC score on day 1,and the sum of the SIC or SAC scores on days 1 and 3 were compared in terms of their ability to identify pre-DIC.The SIC or SAC status on day 1 was evaluated as a pre-DIC indicator for anticoagulant initiation. RESULTS:On day 1,the incidences of coagulopathy according to overt-DIC,SIC and SAC criteria were 11.7％,22.0％and 31.5％,respectively.The specificity of SIC for identifying overt-DIC was significantly higher than that of the SAC criteria from day 1 to day 14(P＜0.05).On day 1,the SIC score with a cut-off value＞3 had a significantly higher sensitivity(72.00％)and area under the curve(AUC)(0.69)in identifying pre-DIC than did the SIC or SAC status(sensitivity:SIC status 44.00％,SAC status 52.00％;AUC:SIC status 0.62,SAC status 0.61).The sum of the SIC scores on days 1 and 3 had a higher AUC value for identifying the pre-DIC state than that of SAC(0.79 vs.0.69,P＜0.001).Favorable effects of anticoagulant therapy were observed in SIC(adjusted hazard ratio[HR]=0.216,95％confidence interval[95％CI]:0.060-0.783,P=0.018)and SAC(adjusted HR=0.146,95％CI:0.041-0.513,P=0.003). CONCLUSION:The SIC and SAC seem to be valuable for predicting overt-DIC.The sum of SIC scores on days 1 and 3 has the potential to help identify pre-DIC.

Objective:To compare the effect of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation(ECMO)on pulmonary transplantation(LTx)in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis(IPF)complicated with pulmonary hypertension(PH).Methods:From January 2017 to December 2020, clinical data were retrospectively reviewed for 112 IPF patients complicated with PH undergoing LTx assisted by venous ECMO(VV-ECMO group, n=68)or venous arterial ECMO(VA-ECMO group, n=44). Gender, age, mechanical ventilation time, oxygenation index, cold ischemic time, preoperative gender, age, smoking history, PO 2, PCO 2, PH degree, NYHA cardiac function grade, right cardiac function, ejection fraction(EF)and complications(hypertension & diabetes)of two groups were compared. Intraoperative approach, operative duration, ECMO transfer time, blood loss, blood transfusion, urine volume, postoperative blood transfusion, mechanical ventilation time, ICU stay time, re-thoracotomy, pulmonary infection, primary graft dysfunction(PGD)and renal insufficiency were recorded. And the effects of two different diversion modes on early postoperative complications and short-term outcomes of LTx were further analyzed by multiple factors. Cox proportional risk model was employed for comparing VV-ECMO and VA-ECMO flow patterns with factors related to recipient survival after transplantation. Results:The preoperative PO 2 of 58.3(51.3, 72.0)mmHg was significantly lower in VV-ECMO bypass group than that of 73.2(63.3, 96.8)mmHg in VA-ECMO group and the difference was statistically significant( P<0.006). Compared with VV-ECMO group, 24(54.5%), 15(34.1%)and 22(50.0%)had NYHA class Ⅲ, severe PH and preoperative right heart enlargement in VA-ECMO group respectively and the differences were statistically significant compared with 17(25.0%), 6(8.8%)and 16(23.5%)in VV-ECMO group( P<0.05 for all). No significant inter-group differences existed in postoperative PGD, postoperative mechanical ventilation time(≥3 d), pulmonary infection, postoperative thoracotomy ratio, postoperative renal insufficiency, ICU stay, hospital stay and other aspects( P>0.05). And 6-month postoperative survival rates of VV-ECMO and VA-ECMO groups were 80.9% and 61.4%, respectively and no significant inter-group difference existed in short-term survival rate(6 months)after adjustment by multivariate Cox regression model( P>0.05). Multivariate statistics indicated that the risk of delayed postoperative withdrawal was 14.452-fold higher in VV-ECMO group than in VA-ECMO group and the inter-group difference was statistically significant(95% CI: 2.448-85.323, P=0.03). Conclusions:No differences exist in postoperative complications or short-term survival rate between IPF recipients with mild PH on VV-ECMO mode and IPF recipients with severe PH on VA-ECMO mode. VV-ECMO flow reversal can delay the transplant back-off time.

In 2017, there were 451 million people (ages 18 to 99) with diabetes worldwide, and this number is expected to grow to 592 million by 2035. A series of complications in diabetic patients often leads to oral vascular and bone lesions. Therefore, dental implant doctors urgently need to understand the clinical characteristics of diabetes mellitus patients to provide the best treatment. For dental implant doctors, the following problems still exist in the treatment of diabetic patients with poor blood sugar control: ① alveolar fossa healing in diabetic patients is slow after extraction, and bone regeneration is often needed, which prolongs the treatment cycle and increases the pain of patients; ② the rate of new bone formation in diabetic patients after alveolar bone grafting is slow; ③ it takes a long time for the body to achieve effective bone bonding after dental implantation in diabetic patients, and the outcomes are poor; ④ the health of the tissue around dental implants is affected by blood sugar level, which is difficult to maintain in diabetic patients. Current studies suggest that the long-term success rate of implants is predictable in diabetic patients when blood sugar levels are well controlled (HbA1c < 6%). This article will review the current research status of dental implantation therapy for diabetic patients to provide a reference for clinical practice.