Objective To investigate the effects of Schisandrae Sphenantherae Fructus and processed with vinegar on lipid metabolism of rats with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods The rat model of T2DM was induced by high fat diet plus STZ. The rats were randomly divided into blank group, model group, Schisandrae Sphenantherae Fructus high-dose group and low-dose group, and vinegar Schisandrae Sphenantherae Fructus high-dose group and low- dose group. The rats in each group were fed with the corresponding medicine for gavage for 30 d. FINS, FFA, TC, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C, and MDH, total protein content of liver tissue were detected. HE staining was used to observe the histomorphological changes of liver and pancreas in rats. Results Compared with the model group, Schisandrae Sphenantherae Fructus groups and vinegar Schisandrae Sphenantherae Fructus groups did not show obvious effects on improving FBG and FINS, but it could raise varying degrees of HDL-C and MDH, and reduce FFA, LDL-C, TC, and TG, among which vinegar Schisandrae Sphenantherae Fructus could significantly regulate metabolism in T2DM rats. Conclusion Vinegar Schisandrae Sphenantherae Fructus can enhance the lipid metabolism regulatory function of T2DM rats.

Purpose: We aimed to investigate whether obtaining a higher level of education was causally associated with lower breast cancer risk and to identify the causal mechanism linking them. Methods: The main data analysis used publicly available summary-level data from 2 large genome-wide association study consortia. Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis used 65 genetic variants derived from the Social Science Genetic Association Consortium as instrumental variables for years of schooling. The outcomes from the Breast Cancer Association Consortium (BCAC) were the overall breast cancer risk (122,977 cases/105,974 controls in women) and the two subtypes: estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer and ER-negative breast cancer. Fixed and random effects inverse variance weighted methods were used to estimate the causal effects, along with other additional MR methods for sensitivity analyses. Results: Results showed that each additional standard deviation of 4.2 years of education was causally associated with a 27% lower risk of ER-negative breast cancer (odds ratio, 0.73; 95% confidence interval, 0.64–0.84; p-value < 0.001). This finding was consistent with the results of the sensitivity analyses. Physical activities can help improve the protective effect of education against breast cancer, with relatively large mediation proportions. Education increases the risk of ER-positive breast cancer due to alterations in high-density lipoprotein level, triglyceride level, height, waist-to-hip ratio, body mass index, and smoking status, with relative medium mediation proportions. Other mediators including low-density lipoprotein, hip circumference, number of cigarettes smoked per day, time spent performing light physical activity, and performing vigorous physical activity for > 10 minutes explain a small part of the causal effect of education on the risk of developing breast cancer, and their mediation proportion is approximately 1%. Conclusion A low level of education is a causal risk factor in the development of breast cancer as it is associated with poor lipid profile, obesity, smoking, and types of physical activity.

Objective To construct a pelvic floor muscle training program for patients undergoing radical prostatectomy,and to provide a reference for clinical practice.Methods The evidence related to pelvic floor muscle training in patients undergoing radical prostatectomy was systematically searched and the quality was evaluated.The draft of pelvic floor muscle training program for patients undergoing radical prostatectomy was constructed based on the KAP theory and it was demonstrated and revised by expert meetings.From February to March 2023,Delphi method was used to determine the final scheme.37 patients were selected as the control group and 38 patients as the experimental group to implement the scheme and evaluate the application effect.Results 2 rounds of Delphi consultations were conducted among 17 experts,and the recovery rate of the questionnaire was 100％.The expert authority coefficient was 0.89.The Kendall harmony coefficients of the importance and feasibility of the second round of consultation were 0.270 and 0.209(P＜0.001).The coefficient of variation of importance and feasibility of items were 0～0.18 and 0～0.20.The final program included 3 first-level items,8 second-level items and 29 third-level items.1 month after surgery,there was no significant difference in urinary incontinence score(P=0.242)and there was significant difference in pelvic floor muscle training compliance(P=0.011)between 2 groups.Conclusion The program was applied preliminary in clinical practice and it was confirmed with scientific and practical meaning,so it can provide a reference for clinical nursing.

Objective:To study the variation in activity in patient′s body with differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) treated with 131I and external dose level, analyze the relationship between the both, and estimate the correction factor for the dose equivalent rate for the patients with residual activity of 400 MBq. Methods:A total of 43 DTC patients who received 131I therapy for the first time after total thyroidectomy were studied. The dose was 1 850-3 700 MBq and average dose was (2 405±777) MBq. The measurements of residual activity in patient′s body and of dose equivalent rate at 0.3, 1 and 3 m in front of the patients were performed at 2, 6, 20, 22, 24, 27, 30, 44, 46, 48, 54, 68 and 72 h after administration of 131I. Results:The residual activity in patient′s body after 131I therapy varied with time as a function of A= A0 (1.033 16e -0.062 4t+ 0.017 17). It can be estimated that the effective half-life of DTC patients treated with thyroid remnant 131I ablation therapy is 12.19 h. It needs only 26.4-38.9 h to reduce the internal activity to the 400 MBq. The functions of variation with time of normalized dose equivalent rate at 0.3, 1, and 3 m away from patients were: H· 0.3=127.220 7e -0.054 8t+ 3.765 71; H· 1=30.225 8e -0.064 4t+ 0.824 67; and H· 3=4.161 9e -0.061 5t+ 0.167 97, respectively. There was a positive correlation between residual activity and dose equivalent rate at 1 m ( r=0.982, P<0.05), and the function is H· 1=0.025 A+ 1.245. When residual activities in DTC patient′s body were 1 000, 700 and 400 MBq, the corresponding dose equivalent rates at 1 m from patients were 26.2, 18.7 and 11.2 μSv/h, respectively. The correction factors for dose equivalent rate at 0.3, 1 and 3 m from patients with 400 MBq were 0.25, 0.49 and 0.70, respectively. Conclusions:DTC patients with administration of 131I activity below 3 700 MBq need only to be hospitalized for two days to reach the discharge standards. When the residual activity in DTC patient′s body drops to 400 MBq, the dose equivalent rate at 1 m is far less than 25 μSv/h. Simply using the point source formula to estimate the dose equivalent rate around the patient will result in overestimation. Therefore, the correction factor used in the estimation of radiation doses to patients by using the formula needs to be further studied so as to make the model-based estimated result more consistent with the actual situation.

Objective To investigate the effect of antibiotics on postoperative inflammatory complications after surgical extraction of the impacted mandibular third molar.Methods Ninety-Six patients had their bilateral third molars removed through a split-mouth,double-blind,controlled,clinical trial in two visits.On one side amoxicillin (or clindamycin) was used (antibiotics group) from 1 h pre-operation to 3 d post-operation.On the other side,placebo was used (placebo group) the same time.Postoperative inflammatory complications including alveolar osteitis (AO),surgical site infection (SSI),pre-buccal site infection and anterior isthmus faucium space infection were monitored and recorded 2 d and 10 d after the surgery.The pain,swelling,and trismus were also recorded.Results All 96 patients completed the study.Two AO (2.1％),one SSI (1.0％) and seven other infections were observed in the treatment group.Also three AO (3.1％),one SSI (1.0％) and eleven other infections were observed in the placebo group.However,no statistically significant differences were found in the incidence of various postoperative inflammatory complications and reactions between the groups(P＞0.05).There was no significant difference on the postoperative reaction,except pain on 10 d.Patients who had inflammatory infection recovered well with symptomatic anti-infection treatment.Conclusions The use of amoxicillin (or clindamycin) cannot effectively prevent and reduce the postoperative inflammatory complications after surgical extraction of the impacted mandibular third molar.