Childhood malignant solid tumors exhibit a wide variety of vagueness signs and symptoms in the early stage,which are usually nonspecific,therefore the diagnosis of childhood malignant solid tumor can be challenging when the disease is in the early stage.As a result,the delay of diagnosis causes mistreatment,and which makes childhood malignant solid tumors become a leading cause of death in children.Physicians should recognize the early warning signs of childhood cancer,and a good clinical history and careful physical examination can help physicians determine whether the children have cancer and make referrals in time.Some children with possible cancers require immediate initial treatment before referral to be stabilized in order to make the referrals possible and increase the chance of receiving appropriate treatment in time and the possibility of being cured,saving more children with malignant solid tumors to the maximum extent.

Objective To study preparation of micronized Shuanghuangpo hydrogel patch and its characteristics of transdermal penetration in vitro. Methods Micronized Shuanghuangpo hydrogel patch was prepared with some macromolecular water-soluble materials as gel base.The content of berberine was determined by HPLC method.Its transdermal penetration in vitro was determined according to the method of Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2010 edition. The rat skin penetration test in vitro was performed by modified Franz diffusion cell method. Results The hydrogel patch had constant content of berberine. Its release property in vitro conformed to Higuchi equation. The penetration of berberine in the hydrogel patch through the rat skin followed zero-order dynamics in 12 h.Its release rate was 7.934μg??(cm2)-1??h1/2 and percutaneous rate was 0.571μg??(cm2)-1??h-1. Conclusion The micronized Shuanghuangpo hydrogel patch is a new transdermal agent with sustained release property.

OBJECTIVETo observe the neurological protection effects of "paraplegia-triple-needling method" on rats with incomplete spinal cord injury (SCI), so as to make a preliminary exploration on its mechanism.

METHODSA total of 45 SD rats were randomly divided into a paraplegia-triple-needling method group (group A), a regular acupuncture group (group B) and a model group (group C), 15 rats in each one. The rats model of incomplete spinal cord injury was established by modified Allen's method. The acupoints of governor vessel and back-shu points next to the vertebras of upper end and lower end of injured segment as well as motor points in key muscle of lower extremities were treated with acupuncture in the group A; the acupoints of governor vessel and back-shu points next to the vertebras of upper end and lower end of injured segment as well as "Huantiao" (GB 30), "Housanli" (ST 36), "Yanglingquan" (GB 34) and "Genduan"(Extra) were treated with acupuncture in the group B; rats in the group C received no treatment after model establishment but grabbing and immobilization. The needles were retained for 15 min in the group A and group B, once a day for 14 times. 1 d, 7 d and 14 d after model establishment, Basso Beattie Bresnahan (BBB) scores were observed in each group; the morphologic change of injured spinal cord and expression of positive cells of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) were observed. Results (1) One day after SCI, there was no significant difference of BBB scores among three groups (P> 0. 05); 7 days and 14 days after SCI, BBB scores in the group A and group B were significantly superior to those in the group C (all P<0. 05), and the BBB scores in the group A were superior to those in the group B ( both P<0. 05). (2) There was expression of CGRP positive cells in all three groups, and that in the group A and group B was significantly higher than that in group C (both P<0. 05); 14 days after treatment, the expression in the group A was higher than that in the group B (P<0. 05).

CONCLUSIONThe "paraplegia-triple-needling method" could obviously! improve the motor function of rats with SCI, especially the expression of neuroprotective factor CGRP, which is likely to be one of the mechanisms of neurological protection effect.

Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; instrumentation ; methods ; Animals ; Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide ; genetics ; metabolism ; Disease Models, Animal ; Humans ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Spinal Cord Injuries ; genetics ; metabolism ; therapy

Objective:To investigate the value of conventional MRI and high resolution diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) for preoperative discrimination between nasopharyngeal-skull base osteomyelitis (NP-SBO) and locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (LA-NPC).Methods:From January 2017 to October 2021, 27 patients of NP-SBO and 32 patients of LA-NPC were retrospectively analyzed at the Eye & ENT Hospital of Fudan University. The clinical characteristics and conventional MRI features were collected, and the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values of polygonal (ADC polygonal) and small circle were measured from readout segmentation of long variable echo-trains (RESOLVE) DWI. MRI features included laterality, margin, signal intensity of T 1WI and T 2WI, enhancement degree, component, abscess, deep mucosal white line, bone invasion, lymph nodes involvement and other accompany symphtoms. The independent sample t test, χ 2 test or Fisher exact test were used to compare the features and ADC values of the NP-SBO and LA-NPC groups. The logistic regression was applied to select independent predictors in the distinguishing LA-NPC from NP-SBO. Then, the conventional MRI model, ADC model and conventional MRI in combination with ADC model were built. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of models were compared using DeLong test. Results:The age, diabetic status, cranial nerve deficits, inner component, abscess, deep mucosal white line, lymph nodes involvement and ADC polygonal were significantly different between NP-SBO and LA-NPC groups ( P<0.05). The logistic regression analysis showed that ADC polygonal (OR=0.972, 95%CI 0.951-0.993, P=0.011) and abscess (OR=0.101, 95%CI 0.013-0.774, P=0.027) were the independent predictors in the discrimination of NP-SBO and LA-NPC. The AUC (95%CI) of conventional MRI model (abscess), ADC model (ADC polygonal) and combination model were 0.634 (0.499-0.756), 0.870 (0.757-0.943), and 0.925(0.829-0.979), respectively. The AUC of combination model was higher than that of conventional MRI model ( Z=4.77, P<0.001), while there was no difference between combination model and ADC model ( Z=1.87, P=0.062). The AUC of conventional MRI model was lower than that of ADC model ( Z=2.84, P=0.005). Conclusion:Conventional MRI in combination with RESOLVE DWI shows good performance in differentiating between NP-SBO and LA-NPC, especially for abscess in combination with ADC polygonal value.

Objective To explore the significance of the initial clinical symptoms and clinical manifestations of neuroblastoma(NB)to achive early identification of NB. Methods A retrospective study was performed on patients diagnosed with NB,who attended the Hematology Oncology Center,Beijing Childrenˊs Hospital from March 31st ,2007 to March 31st,2015. The clinical characteristics were compared between the children 〈1_year_old and≥1_year_old. The result was analyzed to compare the difference in clinical symptoms and tumor biologic characteristics of patients with different initial clinical symptoms between 2 groups. Results A total of 330 patients were included in the study,43 of them were younger than 1 year old,and their most common symptoms were cough and fever( each 17 cases,and accounted for 39. 5%,respectively);while the most common symptoms in patients≥1_year_old(287 cases)was fe_ver(177 cases,61. 7%),followed by lymphadenopathy(107 cases,37. 3%),bone pain(97 cases,33. 8%)and anemia (48 cases,16. 7%). The frequency of symptoms differed significantly between 2 groups(all P〈0. 05),such as fever (39. 5% vs. 61. 7%,χ2 ﹦6. 68),anemia(4. 7% vs. 16. 7%,χ2 ﹦6. 00),bone pain(0 vs. 33. 8%,χ2 ﹦18. 99),abdo_minal pain(0 vs. 25. 3%,χ2 ﹦10. 19),diarrhea(16. 3% vs. 3. 0%,χ2 ﹦12. 73),lymphadenopathy(7. 0% vs. 37. 3%, χ2 ﹦14. 12)and anorexia(9. 3% vs. 33. 4%,χ2 ﹦9. 21). Datients had fever,anemia,lymphadenopathy,cutaneous hemorrhagic spot or periorbital ecchymosis,bone pain,abdominal pain,exophthalmos,and anorexia early in the initial course of the disease,whose serum lactate dehydrogenase values were significantly increased(P〈0. 05). Datients suf_fered from fever,anemia,lymphadenopathy,bone pain,limbs dysfunctions,abdominal pain at the beginning of the disease,whose urine vanillymandelic acid values were higher than normal(P〈0. 05). Conclusions The study of sympto_mology suggests the most common symptoms in patients with NB 〈1_year_old are cough and fever,while those ≥1_year_old are fever,lymphadenopathy,bone pain,and anemia. Por patients with symptoms mentioned,carrying out the necessary NB_diagnose_related laboratory and imaging studies was statistically relevant to patientsˊ ages(〈1_year_old and≥1_year_old),which may contribute to earlier identification and diagnosis of NB.

OBJECTIVETo assess the value of voiding urosonography (VUS) with SonoVue in evaluation of vesicoureteral reflux.

METHODSThirty-six pediatric patients (72 pyeloureter units [PUUs]) suspected of vesicoureteral reflux underwent both VUS and fluoroscopic voiding cystourethrography (VCUG). The sensitivity of VUS and VCUG and their consistency in detecting vesicoureteral reflux as well as in grading vesicoureteral reflux were compared.

RESULTSVesicoureteral reflux was detected in 26 of the 72 PUUs (36.1%) by VUS while in 21 PUUs (29.2%) by VCUG (P=0.347). The two modalities yielded the same results for 65 PUUs (κ=0.843), showing a very good consistency between them. VUS also detected post-urethral valve in 2 patients via transperineal scans.

CONCLUSIONVUS with Sonovue has at least comparable, if not better, sensitivity in detecting vesicoureteral reflux with VCUG, and therefore should serve as the primary screening and follow-up modality for vesicoureteral reflux. In addition, transperineal VUS can be helpful in evaluation of post-urethral lesions.

Child ; Child, Preschool ; Contrast Media ; Female ; Fluoroscopy ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Kidney Pelvis ; diagnostic imaging ; Male ; Phospholipids ; Sulfur Hexafluoride ; Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color ; Ureter ; diagnostic imaging ; Vesico-Ureteral Reflux ; diagnosis ; diagnostic imaging

Objective To observe the imaging findings of embryonal tumor with multilayered rosettes(ETMR).Methods MRI(n=8)and CT(n=6)data of 8 children with pathologically confirmed ETMR were retrospectively reviewed,and the imaging findings were analyzed.Results ETMR present as masses with the maximum diameter of 32-96 mm and clear edges in all 8 cases,located supratentorially in 5 and infratentorially in 3 cases.The supratentorial ETMR were giant cystic solid masses,while the infratentorial ETMR had relatively small volumes.No peritumoral edema was noticed.Cystic solid masses were observed in 6 cases,and the cystic portion presented as low T1WI and high T2WI signals at the edge of the masses.After administration of contrast agents,mild focal uneven enhancement in the solid portion was found in 5 cases,while 1 case was not found enhancement.Among the above 6 cases,the intratumoral bleeding and empty blood vessel shadows within the masses were observed each in 5 cases,while adjacent dura mater invasion was noticed in 3 cases.Two ETMR present as solid masses with focal nodular uneven enhancement,and the enhanced area corresponded to the low signal area on apparent diffusion coefficient(ADC)image,among them,increased choline(Cho)/creatine(Cr)and decreased N-acetyl aspartate(NAA)was found in 1 case.Limited diffusion on diffusion weighted imaging(DWI)were detected in all 8 cases.Among 6 cases who underwent CT scanning,patchy or punctate calcification,corresponding to the low signal area on MRI were detected in 4 cases.Conclusion ETMR mostly present as supratentorial large solid cystic masses with clear edges,and the cystic portion often located at the edge of masses,with characteristic vascular flow voids often accompanied by intratumoral bleeding and some with calcifications but without peritumoral edema,which showed significantly limited diffusion on DWI and weakly inhomogeneous enhancement of the solid part.

ObjectiveTo analyze the hotspots and development of researches on animal-assisted intervention in the past ten years. MethodsThe researches on animal-assisted intervention from 2011 to 2021 were retrieved from the Web of Science core database, and analyzed the countries/regions, institutions, authors, cited journals, cited literature and keywords using CiteSpace. ResultsA total of 607 researches were included. The researches increased with years, while United States (230), Italy (65) and the United Kingdom (45) were the top three in the number of publications; Purdue University published the most researches (20); and Santaniello A, etc. were the high-producing authors. The key nodes of literature were mainly systematic reviews and randomized controlled trials. Animal-assisted therapy and dogs were high-frequency keywords, with 20 keywords of high centrality and 16 keywords of strongest bursting. Hotspots focused on Alzheimer's disease, depression, children, autism. Disorder and occupational therapy might be the new topics in the future. ConclusionThe animal-assisted intervention has been mainly used as a healthcare in psychology, and may be an approach of occupational therapy.

Objective To explore the effects of different acupoints,different target organs,and different interventions on acupoint efficacy based on ACU&MOX-DATA platform;To illustrate and visualize whether the above factors have the characteristics of"specific effect"or"common effect"of acupoint efficacy.Methods The multi-source heterogeneous data were integrated from the original omics data and public omics data.After standardization,differential gene analysis,disease pathology network analysis,and enrichment analysis were performed using Batch Search and Stimulation Mode modules in ACU&MOX-DATA platform under the conditions of different acupoints,different target organs,and different interventions.Results Under the same disease state and the same intervention,there were differences in effects among different acupoints;under the same disease state,the same acupoint and intervention,the responses produced by different target organs were not completely consistent;under the same disease state and acupoint,there were differences in effects among different intervention measures.Conclusion Based on the analysis of ACU&MOX-DATA platform,it is preliminary clear that acupoints,target organs,and interventions are the key factors affecting acupoint efficacy.Meanwhile,the above results have indicated that there are specific or common regulatory characteristics of acupoint efficacy.Applying ACU&MOX-DATA platform to analyze and visualize the critical scientific problems in the field of acupuncture and moxibustion can provide references for deepening acupoint cognition,guiding clinical acupoint selection,and improving clinical efficacy.