Objective:To explore the risk factors of ischemic stroke after coronary artery bypass grafting(CABG) in elderly(≥75 years old)patients, establish a risk prediction model and evaluate it.Methods:From January 2015 to September 2021, a total of 1 553 elderly patients with coronary artery disease who were admitted to Beijing Anzhen Hospital for coronary artery bypass grafting were included retrospectively. Among which 1 121(72%) cases were males, with a median age of 77( IQR 75, 78) years. Clinical data were collected and univariate analysis and multiple logistic regression analysis were used to explore the risk factors of ischemic stroke after CABG in elderly patients. After the establishment of risk prediction model, we constructed the nomogram, and tested the discrimination and calibration of the model. Results:All patients underwent CABG, there were 35 patients with ischemic stroke after operation, with an incidence of 2.25%(35/1 553). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that diabetes( OR=2.61, 95% CI: 1.31-5.32), old myocardial infarction( OR=3.62, 95% CI: 1.61-7.63), systolic blood pressure( OR=1.03, 95% CI: 1.01-1.04) and vertebral artery stenosis( OR=1.01, 95% CI: 1.00-1.02) were independent risk factors for postoperative cerebral infarction in patients undergoing CABG. The model was presented by a nomogram, and the model discrimination was evaluated by ROC curve. The area under the curve( AUC) was 0.757, indicating a optimal discrimination. Hosmer- Lemeshow test of goodness of fit was performed to evaluate the model calibration( χ2=6.209, P=0.624). Conclusion:Diabetes mellitus, old myocardial infarction, systolic blood pressure and vertebral artery stenosis are independent risk factors for ischemic stroke in elderly patients after CABG. The established risk prediction model has optimal discrimination and calibration.

Objective:To investigate the influencing factors of increased tube bleeding within 24 h after coronary artery bypass grafting(CABG) and its correlation with perioperative complications.Methods:This study was a prospective observational study. The patients with CABG surgery were enrolled in Beijing Anzhen Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University from May 2018 to December 2021. The age, sex, complications, blood tests and other clinical data of outpatients were collected. Left ventricular ejection fraction(EF) and left ventricular enddiastolic diameter(LVED) were detected by echocardiography. MGF and PI of grafts were recorded during CABG. Perioperative troponin Ⅰ, blood clotting pentathlon, all-cause death, perioperative myocardial fraction, atrial fibrillation and stroke were collected. According to the tube bleeding within 24 h after operation, the patients were divided into increased group(tube bleeding>1 000 ml) and normal group(tube bleeding≤1 000 ml). The preoperative baseline data, intraoperative indexes and perioperative complications were compared between the two groups. Logistic regression, Spearman and linear regression models were used to analyze the correlation between tube bleeding within 24 h and clinical data.Results:304 patients underwent CABG were enrolled. There were 185 cases(60.9%) in the increased group and 119 cases(39.1%) in the normal group. After adjusting for age, sex and BMI, multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that male( OR=2.40, 95% CI: 1.38-4.18, P=0.002), history of stroke( OR=2.37, 95% CI: 1.07-5.26, P=0.034), and history of myocardial infarction( OR=1.81, 95% CI: 1.13-2.91, P=0.014) could significantly increase the risk of tube bleeding within 24 h after surgery. The average blood flow of the anterior descending branch( OR=0.99, 95% CI: 0.99-1.00, P=0.022) and the circumflex branch( OR=0.99, 95% CI: 0.98-1.00, P=0.003) during the operation was significantly negatively correlated with the increase of tube bleeding within 24 h after surgery, while the PI of anterior descending branch( OR=1.81, 95% CI: 1.26-2.61, P=0.001), circumflex branch( OR=1.45, 95% CI: 1.07-1.97, P=0.017), right coronary artery( OR=1.84, 95% CI: 1.29-2.62, P=0.001) were positively correlated with the increase of tube bleeding within 24 h after operation. In addition, prothrombin time significantly increased the risk of increased tube bleeding within 24 h after surgery( OR=1.16, 95% CI: 1.03-1.30, P=0.018). Linear regression analysis showed that there was a significant positive linear correlation between ICU time and tube bleeding within 24 h after surgery( OR=0.17, 95% CI: 0.96-4.58, P=0.003), and a significant negative linear correlation between postoperative ejection fraction and tube bleeding within 24 h( OR=-0.25, 95% CI: -33.18--13.07, P<0.001). Conclusion:Increased tube bleeding within 24 h after CABG is most common in males and patients with a history of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular infarction. Better graft hemodynamic parameters can reduce the tube bleeding within 24 h after the operation, further improve cardiac function and reduce ICU time.

Objective To confirm the impact of renal malperfusion on early and late outcomes of patients undergoing sur-gery for type A aortic dissection(TAAD). Methods From June 2011 to July 2012,a total of 165 TAAD patients undergoing surgery in hospital were enrolled and divided into 2 groups based on the results:research group(complicated with renal malper-fusion),control group(without renal malperfusion). A cohort follow-up project was conducted among these patients. The pri-mary outcome was all-cause death. Baseline and operative characteristics,early and late outcomes were analyzed to assess difference between 2 groups. Cumlative survival rates within 72 months among the 2 groups was described with Kaplan-Meier curves. Cox proportional hazards model was used to estimate the hazard ratios(HR)and 95％ confidence intervals(95％ CI)of late mortality among the 2 groups. Results Renal malperfusion was detected in 38(23. 0％)of 165 TAAD patients. 30-day mortality was 15. 8％ and 3. 9％ in patients with and without renal malperfusion(P < 0. 05),respectively. The mean follow-up period was(67 ± 3)months,late survival was 68. 4％ in patients with renal malperfusion and 88. 2％ in patients without(P <0. 05). By Cox proportional hazards model,after adjusting forage,sex,group(acute or chronic),presence of cardiac tampon-ade,brachiocephalic vessels involvement,coronary arteries involvement,root replacement,total arch replacement,concomitant coronary artery bypass grafting(CABG)and other organ-malperfusion,when compared to the control group,the HR(95％ CI) of late mortality was 5. 18( 1. 07 - 5. 18)in the research group. Besides renal malperfusion,concomitant coronary artery bypass grafting was presented as an independent risk factor of long-term survival(HR = 10. 08,95％ CI:2. 28 - 44. 62,P = 0. 002). Conclusion Coexistence of renal malperfusion is associated with a substantially increased risk of death in patients undergoing surgery for TAAD. A more exact stratification that weight every malperfusion-affected organ but not base on the number of malp-erfusion-affected organ simply may be more helpful to TAAD patients with malperfusion syndrome.

Objective: To find out what the exact impact of renal malperfusion on short- and long-term postoperative prognosis of ATAAD patietns. Methods: 218 patients with ATAAD undergoing surgical repair from June 2009 to May 2012 . Mean age was(47.8±10.7) years and 170 were male(78.0%). Based on computed tomographic angiography and laboratory test, 48 patients were diagnosed with preoperative renal malperfusion(22.0%). Clinical data were compared between two groups and risk factors for short- and long-term mortality identified using Cox regression. Results: Patients with renal malperfusion showed significantly higher incidences of short-term mortality(22.9% vs 8.3%, P=0.023), long-term mortality(87.0% vs 72.9%, P=0.003) and postoperative acute kidney failure(20.8% vs 4.1%, P<0.001). Renal malperfusion was the risk factor for short-term mortality(OR 2.92, 95%CI 1.31-6.63, P=0.009) and long-term mortality(OR 2.56, 95%CI 1.32-4.94, P=0.005). Conclusion Renal malperfusion significantly increases the postoperative risk of short-term mortality, long-term mortality and incidence of postoperative acute renal failure in patients with ATAAD.