Objective To analyze the clinical typing, pathological classisfication, and prognosis of primary IgA nephropathy (IgAN).Methods Clinical typing, pathological classisfication and relationship between clinical manifestations and pathological features of 220 cases with IgAN were analyzed in 10 years.Results IgA nephropathy occupied 42.9％ (220/512) of all the patients received renal biopsy at the corresponding time.Asymptomatic abnormal urinalysis was the most common clinical manifestation(39.0％ (86/ 220)), followed by hypertension (17.7％ (39/220)) and recurrent macroscopic hematuria (15.4％ (34/220)).Grade Ⅲ pathological change(29.5％ (65/220)) was the most co mmon,followed by grade Ⅱ (27.3％ (60/ 220)) and grade Ⅳ (18.2％), Grade Ⅰ/Ⅴ were relatively less ((11.4％ (25/220), 13.6％ (30/220)).No correlation could be found between types of deposited immune complex and pathological lesion extent(x2=4.87, P＞0.05).The clinical manifestations were significantly correlated with the severity of glomerular lesions (x2 =13.14,P＜0.05).During the follow-up for 106 patients (mean duration of 23 months), 90 patients(84.9％) had normal renal function and 75 patients(70.8％) had decreased excretion of protein in urine (＜1 g/24 h).Conclusion The clinical typing of primary IgA is correlated with pathological changes.The prognosis of IgA is markedly correlation with the pathological lesion degree.Renal functions will be improved if the different treatments were given according to the different renal pathological features.

OBJECTIVE:To provide information about the current situations and trend of development in Chinese phar?maceutical trade.METHODS:We have generally overviewed the basic situation and existing problems in Chinese pharmaceu?tical trade and analysed and discussed its trend of development in the future.RESULTS&CONCLUSION:Chinese pharma?ceutical enterprises must think highly of their existing problems and the chances and challenges after entry into WTO,and take corresponding countermeasures to continually strengthen and improve their power of competition and jointly keep Chinese pharmaceutical trade healthy,constant and stable development.

Clinical pathway (CP), as a standardized approach and clinical management process for disease diagnosing and treating, is being widely used with more relevant publications reported gradually. But different forms of CP reports may prevent the evaluation and spreading of CP. The authors recommend guidelines for evidence-based Chinese medicine CP report, including 18 items which form 5 big sections, by precise item selection and rigorous expert consensus. All these items can embody the principles of Chinese medicine and comply with the requirements of the clinical practice of Chinese medicine. All above are based on synthesizing the published literature systematically and analyzing the current status in this field, also according to the characteristics of Chinese medicine and methodology requirement of evidence-based medicine.

Osteoporosis is a common disease in the elderly. As studies on its causation and pathogenic mechanism deepened in recent years,there appeared many anti-osteoporotics and many of them had been widely used in clinic. However,none of them was found to be able to completely replace other drugs to achieve satisfactory effect in clinical applications. They all have certain defects. In this paper,three types of drugs including bone resorption inhibitors,bone mineralizers and bone formation accelerators,were analyzed in terms of their mechanisms of action,advances in clinical application as well as their side effects,so as to guide the clinical choice and combination of drugs targeted to avoid serious side effects and to seek for the direction of further study.

OBJECTIVE： To compare the quality of ceftazidime for injection among the domestic and imported products METHODS： The ceftazidime was observed and determined with respect to the property， color and clarity of the solution， insoluble particle， content of pyridine， polymer of ceftazidime and marked content of ceftazidime RESULTS： There were some differences in above－ mentioned parameters among products of different factories， however， the parameters were within the range of standard CONCLUSION： The quality of domestic products is reliable and comparable to that of imported ones

Objective To study the effect of TLR4 activation with LPS on BMP9-induced osteogenic differentiation of immortalized mouse embryonic fibroblasts ( iMEFs).Methods The activation of TLR4/NF-κB signaling path-way was detected by ICC.iMEFs were treated with LPS,BAY11-7082,Adnovirus GFP and BMP9.The early osteo-genic differentiation capability of iMEFs was detected by ALP staining and quantitative assay .The later osteogenic differentiation capability was detected by alizarin red S staining .The expression of later osteogenic differentiation marker gene OCN and OPN were detected by PCR and Western blot .The change of p-Smad1/5/8 was detected by Western blot.The expression of Runx2 and Dlx5 were detected by PCR and Western blot .Results LPS can effec-tively stimulate TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway .TLR4 activation inhibited BMP 9-induced osteogenic differentiation . BMP9-induced osteogenic differentiation related gene and Smad 1/5/8 signaling activation were inhibited by TLR4 activation .The inhibition effect was partly reversed by BAY 11-7082 ( P<0.05 ) .Conclusions TLR4 activation with LPS can inhibit BMP9-induced osteogenic differentiation of iMEFs cells via NF-κB signaling pathway .

Performance evaluation system of 13 research institutions funded by the South Korean government was introduced in terms of policy and management.The situation of Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine performance evaluation in 2012 was presented.A reference has been provided for further improving science and technology evaluation system of China.

Abstract Defecation disorder is one of the most common complications after orthopedic surgery, which seriously affects patients' quality of life. Based on review of national and international publications pertaining to influencing factors and interventions of postoperative defecation disorders, this review analyzes the associations of orthopedic surgery-related factors with postoperative defecation disorders, and summarizes the common interventions for postoperative defecation disorders, including medication, physical therapy and daily life management, so as to provide insights into prevention and treatment of defecation disorders after orthopedic surgery.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of serum from the obesity patients and obesity patients with Diabetic mellitus on toll-like receptor 4/Nuclear factor -κB p65 (TLR/NF-κB) pathway in human THP-1 monocytes and to explore the inflammatory immune response in obesity. METHODS: Peripheral serum was isolated from healthy volunteers (the control group), the obesity patients (Ob group) and the obesity patients with diabetic mellitus (the Ob with DM group), respectively, 20 in each group. THP-1 monocytes were incubated with the serum for 48 h. The monocytes and culture supernatant were collected. The phosphorylation level of NF-κB p65 protein in THP-1 monocytes was evaluated by Western blot as well as immunofluorescence assay. The TLR4 mRNA expression was evaluated by RT-PCR. ELISA was used to measure the monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) levels in the culture supernatant. RESULTS: In the presence of serum, the obesity group and the obesity with diabetic mellitus group showed the up-regulated phosphorylation level of NF-κB p65 protein and TLR4 mRNA expression in THP-1 monocytes compared with the healthy control group (both P<0.05), and the MCP-1 levels in the obesity patients were up-regulated significantly compared with the healthy control group [healthy control group (26.4 ± 3.9) pg/mL, Ob group (45.8 ± 10.0) pg/mL, Ob with DM group (58.0 ± 15.3) pg/mL; P<0.05]. These parameters were further up-regulated in the obesity patients with diabetic mellitus patients. CONCLUSION The serum from the obesity patients or the obesity patients with diabetes can induce monocyte dysfunction, which might be related to the activation of TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway.
Cell Line ; Chemokine CCL2 ; Diabetes Mellitus ; blood ; Humans ; Monocytes ; cytology ; metabolism ; Obesity ; blood ; Phosphorylation ; Serum ; Signal Transduction ; Toll-Like Receptor 4 ; metabolism ; Transcription Factor RelA ; metabolism ; Up-Regulation

Objective To investigate the diagnostic value of lipocalin 2 (LCN2) combined with prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in prostate cancer (PCa).Methods Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to determine the levels of serum LCN2 in patients with PCa (PCa group,n =82),patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH group,n =40) and healthy subjects (NC group,n =30).The levels of serum PSA were measured by chemiluminescence.The diagnostic value of LCN2 combined with PSA in PCa was analyzed by the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve.The relationship between the level of LCN2 and clinical parameters in PCa patients was analyzed.Results The levels of serum LCN2 in PCa group,BPH group and NC group were (88.97 ±40.83) pg/ml,(53.12 ±25.66) pg/ml,(13.34 ±4.86) pg/ml (F=61.306,P ＜0.001).The level of LCN2 in PCa group was significantly higher than that in BPH group and NC group (both P＜0.001).The levels of serum PSA in PCa group,BPH group and NC group were (17.65 ± 8.43) ng/ml,(11.27 ±3.56) ng/ml,(2.61 ±0.87) ng/ml (F=60.959,P＜0.001).The level of serum PSA in PCa group was significantly higher than that in BPH group and NC group (both P ＜0.001).There was positive correlation between serum LCN2 and PSA levels (r =0.360,P ＜ 0.001).The levels of serum LCN2 in PCa patients with different Gleason score,TNM stage and distant metastasis were significantly different (F =8.546,P ＜ 0.001;t =3.421,P =0.001;t =3.622,P =0.010).The area under the curve (AUC) of serum LCN2 was 0.763 (95％ CI:0.677-0.850,P ＜0.001).The sensitivity and specificity of serum LCN2 were 62.2％ and 85.0％.The AUC of PSA was 0.750 (95％ CI:0.665-0.836,P ＜ 0.001).The sensitivity and specificity of serum PSA were 51.2％ and 87.5％.The AUC of LCN2 combined with PSA was 0.822 (95％ CI:0.749-0.895,P ＜0.001).Conclusion Serum LCN2 level in the patients with PCa is significantly higher,which participates in tumor invasion.LCN2 may be a potential serum marker for the diagnosis of PCa.Combined detection of LCN2 and PSA contributes to the early diagnosis of PCa.