Objective To establish a dynamic model of hand foot and mouth disease in Jiangsu Province, analyze the epidemic of hand foot and mouth disease in Jiangsu, predict the trend of this disease and simulate the effect of EV71 vaccination on the control of hand foot and mouth disease caused by EV71. Methods A compartmental model of hand foot and mouth disease was constructed.A group of differential equations was established. The incidence data of hand foot and mouth disease was used to fit the model and calculate the basic reproduction number of this disease in Jiangsu. Then, vaccination was added to the model and the incidence of hand foot and mouth disease under different vaccination coverage rates was simulated. Results The basic reproduction numbers of hand foot and mouth disease in Jiangsu between 2013 and 2016 were 1.31 (IQR:0.99-1.48), 1.37 (IQR:0.97-1.52), 1.34 (IQR:1.00-1.61) and 1.38 (IQR:1.00-1.76) , respectively. With the increase of immunization coverage of EV71 vaccine, the cases of hand foot and mouth disease caused by EV71 decreased accordingly. When the annual immunization rate of EV71 vaccine was maintained at a high level (75%), the annual incidence of hand foot and mouth disease caused by EV71 after 5 years reduced to 10% of that in the same year when there was no vaccination. Conclusions The epidemic trend of hand foot and mouth disease in Jiangsu is stable from 2013 to 2016. Vaccination plays an important role in controlling hand foot and mouth disease caused by EV71.

Objective To review the existing literature and quantitatively evaluate the association of circulating vaspin levels and the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus ( GDM) ． Methods We systematically searched the PubMed，EMBASE，Web of Science，China National Knowledge Infrastructure，and WanfangData databases up to June 2019． Pooled standardized mean differences ( SMDs) with 95% confidence intervals ( CIs) were calculated using random－ or fixed－effects models based on the heterogeneity of studies． Subgroup analyses，Meta－regression，sensitivity and publication bias were assessed to analyze the heterogeneity and the robustness of the results． All statistical analyses were performed using STATA 12．0． Ｒesults Nine articles ( 11 comparisons) published from 2013 to 2019 were included in our final Meta－analysis，covering a total of 738 patients with GDM and 661 normal pregnant women． There was significant difference in the overall maternal circulating vaspin levels between GDM patients and healthy pregnant women ( SMD= 0．613，95% CI: 0．044－1．182，P= 0．035) ． Subgroup analyses stratified by trimester in which vaspin was measured and whether BMI was matched suggested the similar trend to the overall result． Subgroup analysis according to ethnicity found that circulating vaspin level might not be related to GDM in " European" subgroup; sensitivity analysis by excluding moderate－quality studies and BMI－unmatched studies found that circulating vaspin levels were still related to GDM risk． Conclusions Our Meta－analysis indicated that maternal circulating vaspin levels might be positively correlated with the risk of GDM in Asians．

OBJECTIVETo investigate the bonding properties and interface characterization of a domestic 3mol yttrium-stabilized tetragonal zirconium polycrystal (3Y-TZP) framework fired on with 4 different veneering ceramics for zirconia.

METHODS4 different commercial veneering ceramics for zirconia (VITA VM9, SHOFU VINTAGE ZR, IPS e.max Ceram, Cercon ceram kiss) were sintered on 3Y-TZP rectangulars (15 mmx5 mmx5 mm) according to the manufacturers' instructions for shear bond strength test, a metal-ceramic system(Ni-Cr alloy/VITA VMK95) was fabricated in the same type as a control group. Two bilayered specimens (3Y-TZP/VITA VM9, Ni-Cr/VMK95) were prepared for scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy distribution spectrum (EDS).

RESULTSThe values of shear bond strength test were (18.83 +/- 1.77) MPa for 3Y-TZP/VITA VM9, (23.83 +/- 7.05) MPa for 3Y-TZP/SHOFU VINTAGE ZR, (17.87 +/- 2.30) MPa for 3Y-TZP/IPS e.max Ceram, (22.26 +/- 7.45) MPa for 3Y-TZP/Cercon ceram kiss, (20.55 +/- 5.13) MPa for Ni-Cr alloy/VITA VMK95. There was no statistically significant between all-ceramic groups and the control group (P > 0.05). The failure modes in all-ceramic groups showed predominately adhesive at the interface. SEM showed the 3Y-TZP/VITA VM9 contacted tightly at the interface, while EDS detected Si element diffused into 3Y-TZP material.

CONCLUSIONThe results indicate that domestic 3Y-TZP has a good interface compatibility with 4 commercial veneering ceramics, as a dental framework material, it can satisfy the clinical requirements.

Ceramics ; Dental Bonding ; Dental Porcelain ; Dental Stress Analysis ; Dental Veneers ; Materials Testing ; Yttrium ; Zirconium

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress occurs in macrophage-rich areas of advanced atherosclerotic lesions and contributes to macrophage apoptosis and subsequent plaque necrosis. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of caveolin-1 (Cav-1) on ER stress-induced apoptosis in cultured macrophages and the underlying mechanisms. RAW264.7 cells were incubated with thapsigargin (TG) to establish ER stress model. And Cav-1 expression was detected by Western blot. After being pretreated with filipin(III), a caveolae inhibitor, RAW264.7 cells were assayed with flow cytometry and confocal laser scanning microscopy to detect cell apoptosis. Moreover, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphorylation and C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) expression were detected with Western blot. The results showed that Cav-1 expression was markedly increased at early stage of TG treatment (P < 0.05) and then decreased with prolonged or high dose TG treatments. The increasing of Cav-1 expression induced by TG in RAW264.7 cells was abolished under inhibition of caveolae by filipin(III) (P < 0.05). The effect of TG on apoptosis of RAW264.7 cells was further augmented after pretreatment with filipin(III) (P < 0.05). Western blotting showed that MAPK phosphorylation induced by TG was inhibited by filipin(III) in RAW264.7 cells (P < 0.05), whereas CHOP remained unchanged (P > 0.05). These results suggest that Cav-1 may play a critical role in suppressing ER stress-induced macrophages apoptosis in vitro, and one of the mechanisms may be correlated with the activation of p38 MAPK prosurvival pathway.
Animals ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Caveolin 1 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Cell Line ; Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress ; physiology ; Filipin ; pharmacology ; MAP Kinase Signaling System ; Macrophages ; cytology ; drug effects ; Mice ; Thapsigargin ; pharmacology ; Transcription Factor CHOP ; metabolism ; p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo determine the main genotype of hepatitis B virus (HBV) in Xinjiang.

METHODS200 HBsAg positive serum specimens were detected from more than 2000 serum of Xinjiang inhabitants, and HBV S gene was detected by using nPCR amplifying, and compared with the standard S region HBV nucleotide sequences of genotypes A-H retrieved from GenBank, then analyzed and drawn the polygenetic tree by MEGA3 software.

RESULTGene in 127 (63.5%) serum specimens was detected from 200 samples. Among 127 serum specimens, 10 (7.8%) was genotype B, 58 (45.7%) was genotype C, and 59 (46.5%) was genotype D.

CONCLUSIONGenotype B, C and D have been found in Xinjiang.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Child ; China ; Female ; Genotype ; Hepatitis B ; ethnology ; virology ; Hepatitis B virus ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Rural Health ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo compare the safety and efficacy of myocardial contrast enhancement (MCE)-guided and angio-pressure (AP)-guided transcoronary ablation of septal hypertrophy (TASH) for patients with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM).

METHODSTASH was performed under MCE-guide (n = 47, group I) or AP-guide (n = 25, group II) for drug-refractory patients with HOCM. Myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) data as well as other clinical data were compared.

RESULTSTASH both under MCE-guide or AP-guide resulted in similar and significant reduction of left ventricular outflow tract gradient (PG) and associated with significant symptom improvement (all P < 0.001). Dosage of ethanol use, peak-level of CK-MB and ablated myocardial area and incidence of arrhythmia were also similar between the two groups.Similar left ventricular/atrial dimension changes post TASH were observed in the 2 groups during follow-up. However, the first selected septal vessels were changed under MCE in 6 patients.

CONCLUSIONSOur data demonstrated that the MCE-guided TASH was not superior to AP-guided TASH in safety and efficacy. However, MCE-guided TASH can avoid the misplace of ethanol to avoid innocent myocardial ablation.

Adult ; Cardiac Catheterization ; methods ; Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic ; diagnostic imaging ; therapy ; Catheter Ablation ; methods ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Myocardial Perfusion Imaging ; Ultrasonography

Objective To observe the effect of traditional Chinese acupuncture-medcine on limb spasticity after stroke. Methods From April,2016 to October,2017,90 patients with limb spasticity after stroke were randomly divided into ba-sic rehabilitation group(n=30),baclofen group(n=30)and acupuncture-medicine group(n=30).All the groups accepted basic medical therapy and rehabilitation training,while the acupuncture-medicine group accepted acu-puncture at muscle tendon and Supplemented Peony-Licorice Decoction orally,and the baclofen group accepted baclofen orally.They were assessed with modified Ashworth Scale (MAS), simplified Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA)and modified Barthel index(MBI)before and four weeks after treatment,and the clinical effective rates were compared. Results The total effective rate of the basic rehabilitation group was 53.3%,and it was 66.7% in the baclofen group,and 86.7% in the acupuncture-medicine group.The scores of MAS,FMA and MBI significantly improved in all the groups after treatment(t>6.500,P<0.001),and improved the most in the acupuncture-medicine group(F>12.332, P<0.001).No adverse event was found during the treatment. Conclusion The integration of acupuncture and Chinese medicine in rehabilitation can further relieve the spasticity in pa-tients after stroke,and improve the motor function and activities of daily living.

OBJECTIVETo identify and assess multiple human papillomavirus types in condyloma acuminatum lesions from patients with genital warts in Beijing area, and compare different features between otherwise healthy and immunosuppressed patients.

METHODSPCR, RFLP and nucleotide sequencing analysis were used to determine HPV types from individual lesions.

RESULTSThe predominant type from other healthy patients was HPV6, secondly HPV11. The mean age of patients infected by HPV6 was lower than that of HPV11 and HPV6 + 11. While lesions from immunosuppressed patients were often contained HPV11 or mixed with HPV6. Besides, HPV types 16 and 53 were detected from infected lesions than other HPV types.

CONCLUSIONSHPV6 was the major pathogen of condyloma acuminatum, but infected patients were at lower ages. While HPV11 was most often detected from immunosuppressed patients. As a low risk virus in normal genital tract, HPV53 also could be a pathogen in genital warts.

Adult ; Condylomata Acuminata ; virology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Papillomaviridae ; classification ; isolation & purification ; Papillomavirus Infections ; Tumor Virus Infections ; Warts ; virology

Adult ; Aged ; Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic ; diagnostic imaging ; physiopathology ; surgery ; Catheter Ablation ; Coronary Circulation ; Female ; Heart ; diagnostic imaging ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Radionuclide Imaging

Aim To evaluate the effects of salvianolic acid B ( Sal B ) on bone metabolism and its potential mechanism in high fat diet ( HFD) mice.Methods Thirty C57BL/6J male mice were divided into three groups with 10 mice each, namely normal , HFD and HFD+Sal B.HFD and HFD+Sal B mice were treated with HFD, and HFD+Sal B group mice were also with Sal B (125 mg· kg -1· d-1).After 12 weeks' treat-ment, femurs were harvested .The effects of Sal B on biomechanical strength were evaluated by biomechani-cal tests, and the effects of Sal B on bone microstruc-ture were evaluated by Safranin O/fast green staining and hematoxylin and eosin staining .The expression of nuclear factor-kappa B ( NF-κB)-p65 and NADPH ox-idase 4 ( Nox4 ) and cathepsin K in femurs was deter-mined by immunohistochemical staining . Results Maximum load and elastic load significantly decreased ,and the trabeculae became thinner and irregular in the femurs of HFD mice , while Sal B treatment could re-verse the descending biomechanical strength and the disorganized femurs bone micro-structures in HFD mice.In addition, the expressions of Nox4, NF-κB-p65 and cathepsin Kmarkedly increased in HFD mice , and Sal B possessed the ability to down-regulate the ex-pression of Nox4, NF-κB-p65, and cathepsin K in the femurs triggered by HFD .Conclusions Sal B treat-ment improves bone metabolism via regulating Nox 4/NF-κB/cathepsin K signaling pathway in HFD mice . The findings contribute to the understanding and exten-sion of the applications of Salvia miltiorrhiza and its constituents on osteoporosis .