Taking Doctor HUANG Shi-ping as the representative, the school of Huang's golden needle is based on Chinese martial art. Golden needles are adopted as main tool. Attaching great importance on the combination of acupuncture and moxibustioin, it is also characterized with penetrating needling with long needles. Through the development of three generations, it once outshone other schools in the field of acupuncture, and became famous all over the world. It made great contribution to the development of the course of acupuncture. However, with the development of the history, the form of acupuncture education as well as apparatus were all undergone an unified reform. Therefore, Doctor HUANG Shi-ping's acupuncture school be lost gradually.
Acupuncture ; education ; history ; Acupuncture Therapy ; history ; instrumentation ; methods ; China ; History, 19th Century ; History, 20th Century ; Humans ; Schools

To establish single- and double-transfected transgenic cells stably expressing hMATE1, hMATE1 cDNA was cloned by RT-PCR from human cryopreserved kidney tissue, and subcloned into pcDNA3.1(+) plasmid by virtue of both HindIII and Kpn I restriction enzyme sites. Subsequently, the recombined pcDNA3.1(+)- hMATE1 plasmid was transfected into MDCK, MDCK-hOCT1 or MDCK-hOCT2 cells using Lipofectamine 2000 Reagent. After a 14-day-cultivation with hygromycin B at the concentration of 400 µg · mL(-1), all clones were screened with DAPI and MPP+ as substrates to identify the best candidate. The mRNA content of hMATE1, the cellular accumulation of metformin with or without cimetidine as inhibitor, or transportation of cimetidine was further valuated. The results showed that all of the three cell models over expressed hMATE1 mRNA. The cellular accumulation of metformin in MDCK-hMATE1 was 17.6 folds of the control cell, which was significantly inhibited by 100 µmol · L(-1) cimetidine. The transcellular transport parameter net efflux ratios of cimetidine across MDCK-hOCT1/hMATE1 and MDCK-hOCT2/hMATE1 monolayer were 17.5 and 3.65, respectively. In conclusion, cell models with good hMATE1 function have been established successfully, which can be applied to study the drug transport or drug-drug interaction involving hMATE1 alone or together with hOCT1/2 in vitro.
Animals ; Biological Transport ; Cimetidine ; pharmacology ; DNA, Complementary ; Dogs ; Drug Interactions ; Humans ; Madin Darby Canine Kidney Cells ; Metformin ; pharmacology ; Organic Cation Transport Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Transfection

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the vulnerability to floods in Guangdong province at district level.

METHODSData were collected from the sixth census, the 2010 Statistical Yearbook of Guangdong, the 2010 Health Statistics Yearbook of Guangdong and China Disease Prevention and Control information systems, etc. The weight of each indicator was determined based on subjective method and objective method respectively; and finally the results of the two methods were compared.

RESULTS13 indicators were selected for the assessment of vulnerability to floods, including 6 sensitivity indicators, 5 adaptability indicators and 2 exposure indicators. Indicators with large weight (subjective weight/objective weight) were the proportion of population older than 65 years old (0.31/0.30), the proportion of population older than 65 years old (0.16/0.23), infant mortality rate (0.18/0.20), the total Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita (0.33/0.21), the proportion of illiterate in the population older than 15 years old (0.19/0.28), history frequency of floods (0.75/0.75). The mean vulnerability index (VI) calculated by subjective method was 0.35 with the standard deviation of 0.10; the mean vulnerability index calculated by objective method was 0.31 with the standard deviation of 0.08. The two weighting methods showed consistent results of vulnerability index (ICC = 0.975, P < 0.01). VI of most districts dropped in the interval of 0.30 - 0.39. Districts with subjective VI > 0.50 or objective VI > 0.40 should pay more attention to floods, including parts of the coastal areas, Beijiang River Basin, the eastern tributary area of Dongjiang River and the northern part of Pearl River Delta. Dapu district of Meizhou (0.55/0.45), Dianbai district and Maogang district of Maoming (0.54/0.48) were most vulnerable. Districts of Heyuan, Dongguan, Zhaoqing and Huizhou were less vulnerable, Yuancheng district of Heyuan showed least vulnerable to floods (0.15/0.12) followed by Dongguan (0.18/0.16), Duanzhou district (0.18/0.16) and Guangning (0.17/0.15) district of Zhaoqing. The score of indicators differed among different level of vulnerability (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONDifferent regions of Guangdong province showed different vulnerability to floods, vulnerable areas should be priority in the prevention and control of floods.

China ; Climate ; Demography ; Disasters ; Floods ; Humans ; Risk Assessment ; Rivers

OBJECTIVETo compare the efficacy, side effects and influence of two chemotherapy regimens, paclitaxel liposome combined with platinum and paclitaxel combined with platinum, on the survival rate in patients with cervical carcinoma receiving concurrent chemoradiotherapy.

METHODSOne hundred and sixty two cases with primary cervical carcinoma diagnosed and treated in the Jiangxi Maternal and Children Hospital between January 2008 and November 2009 were enrolled in this randomized controlled trial. Seventy one cases were included in the paclitaxel group and 91 in the paclitaxel liposome group. The chemotherapy doses were as followings: paclitaxel liposome and paclitaxel 135 mg/m(2); cisplatin 80 mg/m(2) or carboplatin AUC 4 - 6, repeated every 21 days for two or three times. Radical radiotherapy was given to both groups at the same time. The efficacy was evaluated by the tumor regression and the patients were followed-up for six months.

RESULTSThe overall response rates of paclitaxel group and paclitaxel liposome group were 90.1% and 89.0%, respectively (P > 0.05). The 1-year cumulative survival rate was 91.4% for the paclitaxel group and 89.2% for the paclitaxel liposom group (P > 0.05). The incidence rate of adverse effects such as rash, gastrointestinal toxicity, bone marrow suppression and muscle/joint pain in the paclitaxel liposome group was significantly lower than that in the paclitaxel group (P < 0.05), while there was no significant difference regarding the hair loss, liver damage, and peripheral neuritis (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSPaclitaxel liposome plus platinum is a safe and effective therapeutic regimen for stage IIa-IV cervical carcinoma. However, the long-term efficacy of this regimen should be further observed.

Adenocarcinoma ; pathology ; therapy ; Adult ; Aged ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Brachytherapy ; Carboplatin ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; pathology ; therapy ; Chemoradiotherapy ; Cisplatin ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; Cobalt Radioisotopes ; therapeutic use ; Exanthema ; chemically induced ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Gastrointestinal Diseases ; chemically induced ; Humans ; Iridium Radioisotopes ; therapeutic use ; Liposomes ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Staging ; Paclitaxel ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; Remission Induction ; Survival Rate ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms ; pathology ; therapy

Two hundred thirty specimens of wild birds were collected from some areas in Heilongjiang Province during the period of 2003~2004, including two batches of specimens collected randomly from a same flock of mallards in Zhalong Natural Reserve in August and December, 2004, respectively. Primary virus isolation and identification for avian influenza virus (AIV) and Newcastle disease virus (NDV) were performed. The results showed that only two specimens of young mallards collected from Zhalong Natural Reserve in August, 2004 were positive to AIV (isolation rate 0.9%), and one strain (D57) of these two virus isolates was identified to be H9 subtype by hemagglutination inhibition test. Meanwhile, the two batches of blood serum samples of mallards from Zhalong were also examined for antibodies against AIV and NDV. Among 38 blood serum samples collected in August, antibodies against the hemagglutinin of H1, H3, H5, H6 and H9 subtypes of AIV were found in 1, 0, 2, 0 and 8 samples, respectively; and 11 samples were found with antibody against NDV. Whereas the NDV isolation in both two batches of specimens of mallard was negative, all of the 32 blood serum samples collected in December were negative for antibodies against AIV and NDV.
Animals ; Animals, Wild/*virology ; Antibodies, Viral/isolation&purification ; Birds/virology ; China/epidemiology ; Hemagglutination Tests ; Influenza A virus/*isolation&purification ; Influenza in Birds/epidemiology/immunology/*virology ; Newcastle Disease/epidemiology/immunology/*virology ; Newcastle disease virus/*isolation&purification ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction

OBJECTIVETo explore the feasibility and safety of transvaginal external fascia trachelectomy to conservatively treat patients with stage Ia1 squamous carcinoma of the uterine cervix (SCC) and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) III, who are not suitable to take cold knife conization (CKC).

METHODSFrom July 2002 to September 2010, those patients who had a strong desire to preserve the uterus or fertility but also are confronted with following situations received transvaginal external fascia trachelectomy: CIN III with large area lesion (colposcopically observed lesion area was larger than 3/4 of the cervix), or patients with CIN II-III suffered recurrence or had persistent lesion or positive margin after CKC or LEEP, or patients with CIN II-III upgraded into stage Ia1 SCC through LEEP and pathological confirmation (except for those with lymphovascular space invasion), or CIN III patients complicated with upper vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia (VAIN). Their clinical information and data were reviewed and analyzed.

RESULTSAmong the 79 cases, who underwent transvaginal external fascia trachelectomy, six were stage Ia1 SCC, 61 were CIN III with a large area lesion (23 cases had glandular involvement), three were CIN III complicated with VAIN, six were CIN III with persistent lesion after LEEP, two were CIN III with positive margins after LEEP, and one case had recurrence after conization. The median age of these patients was 33 years old, ranging from 23 to 40 years old. The mean operation time was 39 min (rang 20-60 min), the average amount of bleeding was 40 ml (rang 1-300 ml) and the mean hospital stay was 10 d ( rang 6-17 d). The CIN III patients complicated with VAIN received this surgery with resection of the adjacent vaginal mucosa more than 2 cm in 3.8% (3/79). The median follow-up time was 49 months (8-85 months) and none of these patients had ureteral injury or large amount of intraoperative or postoperative bleeding or post-operative recurrence. No patient complained any effect on their sexual life. Among the five patients with reproductive desire, one was at her 22 w gestation after one induced abortion and one spontaneous abortion, four patients experienced term birth in which three were cesarean section and one was natural labour.

CONCLUSIONSTransvaginal external fascia trachelectomy is a safe and effective conservative treatment for stage Ia1 SCC, CIN III with large area lesion, CIN III complicated with VAIN and CIN II-III suffering recurrence, persistent lesion or positive margins after CKC and others that are not suitable to take CKC.

Adult ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; pathology ; surgery ; Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia ; pathology ; surgery ; Cervix Uteri ; surgery ; Female ; Fertility Preservation ; Follow-Up Studies ; Gynecologic Surgical Procedures ; methods ; Humans ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; surgery ; Neoplasm Staging ; Organ Sparing Treatments ; methods ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms ; pathology ; surgery ; Young Adult

Objective To work out the suitable iodine content in iodized salt among general population in Enshi Autonomous prefecture,Hubei province by determination of the iodine content in salt.Methods The method of direct titration was used to determine the iodine content in salt samples collected from residents in natural villages sampled from four directions of east,west,south and north in each township which was sampled from five directions of east,west,south,north and center in each city(county) in Enshi Autonomous prefecture,and salt samples were collected in Hubei Salt Industry Group Co.,Limited.Enshi Branch in 2011.The method of three-days weighing was used to estimate the resident's daily per capita intake of iodized salt.The appropriate iodine content for general population in salt was worked out according to the iodine content in salt from households and enterprises in Enshi Autonomous prefecture,the amount of iodine loss in iodized salt,the amount of per capita daily intake of iodized salt and the national iodine nutrition monitoring results.Results The median of iodine content in salt from residents and the production enterprises in 2011 was 33.5 mg/kg and 34.7 mg/kg,respectively.The residents' per capita salt intake was 10.9 g,actual intake of iodine wss 335.0 μg/d.Iodine content in iodized salt was 20 mg/kg ±30％ for the general population,actual intake of iodine was 149.4-250.4 μg/d.Conclusions The residents iodine intake is higher in Enshi Autonomous prefecture.Considering the comprehensive factors,including food iodine,water iodine,and iodine cooking loss,that affect the intake of salt iodine,the appropriate iodine content in iodized salt is 20 mg/kg ± 30％ for the general population.

Objective:To investigate the relationship between neutrophil/lymphocyte (NLR), red blood cell distribution width (RDW), platelet/lymphocyte (PLR), platelet mean volume (MPV), platelet hematocrit (PCT) and platelet distribution width (PDW) and the disease activity of Takayasu arteritis (TA).Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on 86 TA patients (TA group) in Anzhen hospital from January 2017 to June 2019. Meanwhile, 85 healthy controls (control group) whose age and gender matched with TA were selected from the health examination center of Beijing Anzhen hospital. The blood samples were collected to measure the neutrophil/lymphocyte (NLR), red blood cell distribution width (RDW), platelet/lymphocyte (PLR), platelet mean volume (MPV), platelet hematocrit (PCT) and platelet distribution width (PDW) by resistance method. TA activity was determined according to the national institutes of health (NIH) score and India TA clinical activity score (ITAS2010). Spearman correlation analysis was used to evaluate the relationship between whole blood cell count indicators and ESR and hs-CRP. ROC curve was used to determine the threshold of TA disease activity.Results:The NLR, RDW and PDW in the TA group were higher than those in the control group [3.00 (1.78-3.48) vs. 1.76 (1.34-2.01), 14.10 (13.00-14.83) vs. 13.08 (12.50-13.35) and 13.65 (11.20-16.00) vs. 12.24 (11.20-13.20), P<0.000 1]. MPV and PCT in the TA group were lower than those in the control group [10.06±1.11 vs. 10.44±0.83 and 0.25 (0.20-0.28) vs. 0.27 (0.23-0.31), P = 0.011 and 0.014, respectively]. RDW and PCT in the active group of TA patients were both higher than those in the inactive group [14.61 (13.38-15.48) vs. 13.81 (12.88-14.33) and 0.27±0.07 vs. 0.23±0.06], with P values of 0.007 and 0.008, respectively. PCT in the active group of TA patients was positively correlated with ESR ( r=0.33, P=0.002). The optimal RDW threshold for determining the activity of TA disease was 14.150 (sensitivity was 55.0%, specificity was 100.0%, area under ROC curve was 0.802). The optimal threshold for judging the activity of TA disease by PCT was 0.245 (sensitivity was 66.7%, specificity was 92.3%, area under ROC curve was 0.84). The optimal threshold for PLR to determine the activity of TA disease was 131.257 (sensitivity was 71.7%, specificity was 76.9%, area under ROC curve was 0.714). Conclusion:RDW and PCT may be helpful to judge the activity of TA, however, the other indexes of whole blood cell count were not closely related to the activity of TA.

Objective To systematically review and synthesize the lived experience of family members caring for schizophrenia patients at home,in order to provide evidence for community and home nursing. Methods We searched databases including The Cochrane Library,PubMed,EMbase,ISI Web of Science,PsycINFO,CINAHL,CBM, CNKI,VIP and Wanfang from inception to April 2017,to collect qualitative studies in the experience of family members caring for schizophrenia patients at home. The quality of included studies was evaluated according to JBI Critical Appraisal Tool for qualitative studies in Australia. Results A total of 31 studies were included,and 141 complete findings were grouped according to their similarities to form 8 categories. These categories resulted in two synthesized findings:Integration Results 1:It brought family members a negative influence in care process because of excessive pressure and burden,but over time,they were slowly accepting the fact and trying to cope with dis-ease;Integration Results 2:Patients were unable to take care of themselves,and caregivers were helpless and wanted assistance from the government and the health care system. Conclusion The government and health system should pay more attention to the impact of schizophrenia on family members who take care of schizophrenia patients. In the process of care,patients should be given support,guidance and encouragement,which help family members to improve coping abilities of psychology and disease,and to promote physical and mental health of schizophrenia pa-tients and their family members.

Objective To evaluate the effect of methylene blue (MB) on hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced apoptosis in macrophages through mitochondria-dependent pathway in mice.Methods Mouse peritoneal macrophage line RAW264.7 cells were cultured in DMEM culture medium containing 10％ fetal bovine serum.Cells were divided into 6 groups (n =24 each) using a random number table method:control group (group C),H2O2 group,prophylactic different concentrations of MB groups (MB1,2 groups) and therapeutic different concentrations of MB groups (MB3.4 groups).H2O2 50 μmol/L was added to the culture medium in group H2O2.MB was added to the culture medium with the final concentrations of 0.1 μmol/L (in MB1 and MB3 groups) and 1.0 μmol/L (in MB2 and MB4 groups) at 30 min before adding H2O2 in MB1.2 groups and 30 min after adding H2O2 in MB3.4 groups.At 24 h of culture or incubation in each group,the cell survival rate was measured by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium assay,the activity of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cells was determined with the fluorescent probe,the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity in supernatant was detected by spectrophotometry,the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in cells was detected by colorimetric method,mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) was measured using rhodamine 123 staining,the content of ATP was determined by an ATP bioluminescent method,the expression of pro-caspase-3 and spliceosomes P20 protein and P 18 protein was detected by Western blot,and cell apoptosis was detected using flow cytometry.Results Compared with group C,the cell survival rate,SOD activity and contents of MMP and ATP were significantly decreased,the ROS activity and activity of LDH in supernatant were increased,the expression of pro-caspase-3 and spliceosomes P20 protein and P18 protein was up-regulated,and early and late apoptosis rates were increased in the other five groups (P＜0.05).Compared with group H2O2,the cell survival rate,SOD activity and contents of MMP and ATP were significantly increased,the ROS activity and activity of LDH in supernatant were decreased,the expression of pro-caspase-3 and spliceosomes P20 protein and P18 protein was down-regulated,and early and late apoptosis rates were decreased in MB1-4 groups (P＜0.05).Compared with group MB1,the cell survival rate was significantly decreased,and the expression of caspase-3 spliceosome P 18 was down-regulated in group MB2,and the cell survival rate and SOD activity were significantly decreased,and the activity of ROS was increased in group MB3 (P＜0.05).Compared with group MB4,the expression of caspase-3 spliceosome P 18 was significantly down-regulated,early and late apoptosis rates were decreased,and the activity of ROS was increased in group MB2,and the activity of ROS was significantly increased in group MB3 (P＜0.05).Conclusion The mechanism by which MB attenuates H2O2-induced oxidative damage to macrophages is related to inhibiting cell apoptosis in macrophages through mitochondria-dependent pathway in mice.