Based on collecting data at home and abroad, we combined clinical practice of scientific researches. We also summarized key points for design and evaluation of clinical studies in treating children's attention deficit hyperactivity disorder by Chinese medical new drugs from objective and design, selection of diagnostic criteria, recruitment and dropping-out of subjects, effectiveness evaluation, safety evaluation, drug combination, and quality control, and so on. We hope to provide reference for design and evaluation of clinical studies by Chinese medical new drugs.
Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity ; drug therapy ; Biomedical Research ; Child ; Clinical Studies as Topic ; Data Collection ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Humans

Taking Doctor HUANG Shi-ping as the representative, the school of Huang's golden needle is based on Chinese martial art. Golden needles are adopted as main tool. Attaching great importance on the combination of acupuncture and moxibustioin, it is also characterized with penetrating needling with long needles. Through the development of three generations, it once outshone other schools in the field of acupuncture, and became famous all over the world. It made great contribution to the development of the course of acupuncture. However, with the development of the history, the form of acupuncture education as well as apparatus were all undergone an unified reform. Therefore, Doctor HUANG Shi-ping's acupuncture school be lost gradually.
Acupuncture ; education ; history ; Acupuncture Therapy ; history ; instrumentation ; methods ; China ; History, 19th Century ; History, 20th Century ; Humans ; Schools

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of pH0 on the electrophysiological properties of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) in brain artery of spontaneously hypertension rats (SHR).

METHODSWe studied the effects and the ion mechanism of pH0 on whole-cell membrane current of VSMCs in brain artery of 200 - 250 g SHR by whole-cell patch clamp recordings.

RESULTS1. Acidic pH0 could inhibit the outward current of VSMCs of brain artery in SHR in a voltage-dependent manner. It induced a more pronounced inhibition of the outward current from 0 to + 60mV; 2. In the presence of 1 mmol/L TEA, the inhibition of acidic pH0 on the outward current of VSMCs of brain artery was inhibited.

CONCLUSIONThe changes of outward current of VSMCs of brain artery in SHR induced by pH0 may be connected with BKCa channel.

Animals ; Cerebral Arteries ; cytology ; Electrophysiological Phenomena ; Extracellular Fluid ; physiology ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular ; physiology ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred SHR

Objective:To provide a reference for the hierarchical management of clinical nurses in top three hospitals, the hierarchical management evaluation system was conducted and evaluated in the present study.Methods:On the context of three-dimensional structure theory of medical quality, the Delphi method was applied to conduct two rounds of correspondence consultation among 23 nursing experts, and then related indexes were established based on the evaluation results and recommendations.Results:An evaluation system for hierarchical management of clinical nurse in top three hospitals was finally constructed, which included 3 first-grade and 19 second-grade indexes. The effective recovery rate of the two rounds of expert questionnaires and authority Cr of two rounds of expert consultation were 100% and 0.915, respectively. The Kendall coefficients of concordance for significance and operability of the first-grade and second-grade indexes were 0.353/0.515 and 0.344/0.469, respectively ( P<0.01). Conclusions:The hierarchical management of clinical nurses in top three hospitals constructed based on three-dimensional structure theory has reliability and feasibility.

OBJECTIVETo study the effects of telmisartan on voltage dependant potassium channel (Kv) expression in lymphocytes from spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR).

METHODSPeripheral blood was collected from male SHR aged 16 and 4 weeks. Peripheral lymphocytes were separated from heparinized whole blood by standard Ficoll-Hypaque density gradient centrifugation. The whole-cell Kv currents were recorded with patch-clamp technique in the absence and presence of telmisartan(10, 30, 100 µmol/L). Real-time PCR was used to determine Kv1.3 mRNA expression in lymphocytes.

RESULTS(1) The currents density of Kv was higher in lymphocytes from 16 weeks-old SHR [ (119.0 ± 9.6) pA/pF] than from 4 weeks-old SHR [(59.0 ± 7.2) pA/pF, P < 0.05]. (2) Currents density was positively correlated with systolic blood pressure in 16 weeks-old SHR (r = 0.837, P < 0.05). (3) The lymphocytes Kv 1.3 mRNA expression was significantly higher in 16-weeks-old SHR than in 4-weeks-old SHR (P < 0.05). (4) Telmisartan reduced the whole-cell Kv currents in a concentration-dependent manner (10.5 ± 3.4)% at 10 µmol/L, (45.8 ± 3.7)% at 30 µmol/L and (81.6 ± 4.2)% at 100 µmol/L, P < 0.01.

CONCLUSIONSThe lymphocyte Kv channel is upregulated in 16 weeks-old SHR suggesting a role of Kv in the pathophysiology of hypertension. Kv current in lymphocyte could be significantly blocked by telmisartan in a concentration dependent manner.

4-Aminopyridine ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Benzimidazoles ; pharmacology ; Benzoates ; pharmacology ; Lymphocytes ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Male ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; Potassium Channels, Voltage-Gated ; drug effects ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred SHR ; metabolism

The present study aimed to investigate the difference in the voltage dependent potassium channel (Kv) expression in lymphocytes between the spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) and Wistar rats. Peripheral blood lymphocytes were collected from 10 male SHRs and 10 normotensive Wistar rats aged 16 weeks. First, by using the patch-clamp technique, Kv channel current was recorded in freshly isolated lymphocytes from SHRs and normotensive Wistar rats. Total RNAs were extracted from lymphocytes by using TRIzol reagent. Real-time PCR was used to determine the expression of Kv1.3 mRNA and Western blot technique was used to measure the expression of Kv1.3 protein in lymphocytes from SHRs and normotensive Wistar rats. The results showed that: (1) The current density of Kv channel in the step voltage of +60 mV was higher in lymphocytes from SHRs than that from the normotensive Wistar rats [(119+/-10) pA/pF vs (56+/-9) pA/pF, P<0.05]; (2) The level of Kv1.3 mRNA expression in lymphocytes from SHRs was significantly increased compared with that of the normotensive Wistar rats (0.0313+/-0.017 vs 0.0023+/-0.005, P<0.05); (3) The expression of Kv1.3 protein was significantly elevated in lymphocytes (1.02+/-0.04 vs 0.41+/-0.03, P<0.05) from SHRs compared with that of the normotensive Wistar rats. The results obtained demonstrate that the lymphocytes Kv channels are increased in SHR, and the Kv channel may be involved in activation of lymphocytes from SHR.
Animals ; Hypertension ; metabolism ; Kv1.3 Potassium Channel ; genetics ; metabolism ; Lymphocytes ; metabolism ; Male ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred SHR ; Rats, Wistar

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the role of nutritional status on serum immunoglobulins, body weight and postoperative infectious-related complications in patients with Crohn's disease receiving perioperative parenteral nutrition (PN).

METHODS32 patients with Crohn's disease receiving perioperative parenteral nutrition in our department between 1984 and 1994 were enrolled in this survey. 16 patients with loss of body weight in the range of 15%-30% were assigned to the malnutrition group, the other 16 patients with normal weight or loss of body weight less than 15% to the control group. Serum IgM, IgG and IgA levels were measured before and after PN by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Liver function, body weight changes and postoperative complications were also analyzed.

RESULTSIgM levels were elevated before PN in both groups [control group: (133 +/- 16) mg/dl, malnutrition group: (139 +/- 41) mg/dl; normal value: (110 +/- 35) mg/dl; P = 0.04], decreased to normal value [(105 +/- 29) mg/dl, P = 0.02] in the malnutrition group while having no obvious changes in the control group [(129 +/- 13) mg/dl, P = 0.34]. No significant changes in concentrations of IgG and IgA were found (P in the range of 0.20-0.57). The average weight gain was 1.862 kg in malnutrition group [before PN: (45.8 +/- 8.9) kg, after PN: (48.0 +/- 8.8) kg; P = 0.005] and no significant changes in the control group [before PN: (55.6 +/- 6.1) kg, after PN: (56.3 +/- 6.0) kg; P = 0.46]. There was an increase in infectious complications in the control group (control group: 4 cases, 25%, malnourished group: 2 cases, 12.5%; P = 0.13).

CONCLUSIONSPerioperative parenteral nutrition ameliorated the humoral immunity, increased the body weight in patients with obvious malnutrition, whereas it had little value for those without or with mild malnutrition.

Adult ; Aged ; Body Weight ; Crohn Disease ; immunology ; surgery ; therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Immunoglobulins ; blood ; Male ; Malnutrition ; etiology ; Middle Aged ; Nutritional Status ; Parenteral Nutrition ; Pneumonia ; etiology ; Postoperative Complications ; etiology

OBJECTIVETo assess the efficacy and safety of Xifeng Zhidong Tablet (XZT) in treating tic disorder children patients of internal disturbance of Gan-wind with phlegm syndrome (IDGWPS).

METHODSA stratified randomized, double-blinded, parallel control of placebo, multi-center trial was conducted in 160 subjects from 5 hospitals in China. They were randomly assigned to 2 groups, the test group and the control group, 80 in each group. Those in the test group were treated with XZT, while those in the control group were treated with placebos. The therapeutic course was 4 weeks for all. The effectiveness indicators covered main indicators and secondary indicators. Yale global tic severity scale (YGTSS) was taken as the main indicators. The amelioration of social function impairment, efficacy, single index of Chinese medical syndromes, Chinese medical syndrome efficacy as well as disappearance rate of single Chinese medical symptoms were evaluated as secondary indicators. The safety indicators included clinical adverse events, vital signs, blood/urine/stool routines, renal and liver functions, and electrocardiogram (ECG).

RESULTSAs for main indicators, the score of YGTSS decreased from 22.10 +/- 6.38 to 11.34 +/- 6.58 in the test group, while it decreased from 22.65 +/- 6.70 to 16.82 +/- 6.53 in the control group, showing statistical difference when compared with the same group before treatment (P < 0.01). Besides, the decrement was more significant in the test group after treatment (P < 0.05). As for secondary indicators, the total effective rate was 83.54% in the test group and 34.18% in the controlled group, showing statistical difference between the two groups (P < 0.05). As for social function impairment, 20,38, 16, 3, 1 case(s) in the test group were ranked as normal, minimal, mild, moderate, obvious degree, while 1, 24, 45, 7, and 0 case(s) in the control group were ranked as normal, minimal, mild, moderate, obvious degree. Better effect was obtained in the test group (P < 0.05).As for Chinese medical syndrome efficacy, it was 87.34% in the test group and 64.56% in the control group (P < 0.05). As for single index of Chinese medical syndromes, the disappearance rate of motor tics, irritability, dreaminess, abnormal tongue proper,abnormal tongue fur, and abnormal tongue pulse condition was 78.67%, 34.72%, 62.26%, 34.62%, 58.97%, and 39.74%, respectively in the test group, while they were 34.67%, 13.11%, 21.82%, 15.58%, 25.97%, and 19.48%, respectively in the control group. Better results were shown in the test group (P < 0.05). Totally 5 adverse events occurred. The incidence of adverse events was 3.75% in the test group and 2.53% in the control group.

CONCLUSIONSAfter 4 weeks of XZT treatment, the integral of YGTSS could be obviously reduced, the degree of social function impairment ameliorated, and Chinese medical syndromes improved. In addition, no adverse reaction occurred in this study.

Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Double-Blind Method ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Phytotherapy ; Placebos ; Tic Disorders ; diagnosis ; drug therapy ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the effect of denture base resin surface pretreatment with chemical etchants on microleakage and bond strength between silicone-based resilient liner and denture base resin. The initial bending strength of denture base resin after surface pretreatment was also examined.

METHODSThirty-six polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) denture base resin blocks (30 mm × 30 mm × 2 mm) were prepared and divided into three groups: group acetone, group methyl methy acrylate (MMA) and group control. Subsequently, a 2 mm silicone-based resilient liner was applied between every two blocks. After 5000 cycles in the thermal cycler (5 and 55°C), they were immersed in the (131) I solution for 24 hours and γ-ray counts were measured. Another 36 PMMA resin blocks (30 mm × 10 mm × 7.5 mm) were prepared. The blocks were divided into three groups and treated as mentioned above. A 3 mm silicone-based resilient liner was applied between every two blocks. After 5000 thermal cycles, tensile bond strength of the sample was measured in a universal testing machine. Another 18 PMMA resin blocks (65 mm × 10 mm × 3.3 mm) were prepared. They were divided into 3 groups and treated in the same way. After an adhesive was applied, the bending strength was measured with three-piont bending test.

RESULTSTwo experimental groups showed lower microleakage (520.0 ± 562.2 and 493.5 ± 447.9) and higher tensile bond strength [(1.5 ± 0.4) and (1.4 ± 0.5) MPa] than the group control [microleakage: (1369.5 ± 590.2); tensile bond strength: (0.9 ± 0.2) MPa, P < 0.05]. There was no statistically significant difference between group acetone and MMA in microleakage and tensile bond strength (P > 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in bending strength among the three groups (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSTreating the denture base resin surface with acetone and MMA decreased the microleakage, increased the tensile bond strength between the two materials and did not make the initial bending strength of denture base resin decline.

Dental Bonding ; Dental Cements ; Dental Materials ; Denture Bases ; Denture Liners ; Dimethylpolysiloxanes ; Humans ; Materials Testing ; Polymethyl Methacrylate ; Silicone Elastomers ; Silicones ; Surface Properties ; Tensile Strength

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the vulnerability to floods in Guangdong province at district level.

METHODSData were collected from the sixth census, the 2010 Statistical Yearbook of Guangdong, the 2010 Health Statistics Yearbook of Guangdong and China Disease Prevention and Control information systems, etc. The weight of each indicator was determined based on subjective method and objective method respectively; and finally the results of the two methods were compared.

RESULTS13 indicators were selected for the assessment of vulnerability to floods, including 6 sensitivity indicators, 5 adaptability indicators and 2 exposure indicators. Indicators with large weight (subjective weight/objective weight) were the proportion of population older than 65 years old (0.31/0.30), the proportion of population older than 65 years old (0.16/0.23), infant mortality rate (0.18/0.20), the total Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita (0.33/0.21), the proportion of illiterate in the population older than 15 years old (0.19/0.28), history frequency of floods (0.75/0.75). The mean vulnerability index (VI) calculated by subjective method was 0.35 with the standard deviation of 0.10; the mean vulnerability index calculated by objective method was 0.31 with the standard deviation of 0.08. The two weighting methods showed consistent results of vulnerability index (ICC = 0.975, P < 0.01). VI of most districts dropped in the interval of 0.30 - 0.39. Districts with subjective VI > 0.50 or objective VI > 0.40 should pay more attention to floods, including parts of the coastal areas, Beijiang River Basin, the eastern tributary area of Dongjiang River and the northern part of Pearl River Delta. Dapu district of Meizhou (0.55/0.45), Dianbai district and Maogang district of Maoming (0.54/0.48) were most vulnerable. Districts of Heyuan, Dongguan, Zhaoqing and Huizhou were less vulnerable, Yuancheng district of Heyuan showed least vulnerable to floods (0.15/0.12) followed by Dongguan (0.18/0.16), Duanzhou district (0.18/0.16) and Guangning (0.17/0.15) district of Zhaoqing. The score of indicators differed among different level of vulnerability (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONDifferent regions of Guangdong province showed different vulnerability to floods, vulnerable areas should be priority in the prevention and control of floods.

China ; Climate ; Demography ; Disasters ; Floods ; Humans ; Risk Assessment ; Rivers