OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for enhancing and standardizing the storage,dispensing and clinical use of the photophobic drug. METHODS:The management system and directory of photophobic drugs were set up in our hospital,and photo-phobic drug were classified into drugs used away from light strictly and drugs used away from light appropriately. Special training for nursing staff and monthly inspection of photophobic drug storage and use by inspection group could help finding problems and doing timely rectification. The number of wards where the problems of clinical photophobic drug use were found were compared be-fore and after management. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS:After 3-quarter management,the quantity of wards with problems de-creased from 69 to 2,decreasing by 97.1%. The management reinforce of photophobic drug can effectively promote the manage-ment of drugs to be standard and scientific and improve the safety and effectiveness of photophobic drug use.

Objective To evaluate the value of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) in preoperative classification for hilar cholangiocarcinoma. Methods Forty-six patients with 46 hilar cholangiocarcinoma were diagnosed by surgical pathology in Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University from January 2007 to April 2013. The echogenicity difference on conventinal ultrasound and CEUS were compared with chi-square test. The accuracy of conventinal ultrasound and CEUS for evaluating invaded bile duct, detective rates for portal vein invasion and displaying rate of metastatic hilar lymph nodes were compared with chi-square test or Fisher’s Exact test according to the golden standard of operative exploration. Results On CEUS, 82.6%(38/46) and 91.3%(42/46) hilar cholangiocarcinoma were hypoechoic in portal vein phase and delayed phase respectively, while 63.0%(29/46) hilar cholangiocarcinoma were isoechoic on conventinal ultrasound with vague margin. The clearly displaying rates were 37.0%(17/46), 84.8%(39/46) and 91.3%(42/46) in conventinal ultrasound, portal vein and delayed phase of CEUS and the echogenicity was signiifcantly different. The evaluation accuracy of hilar cholangiocarcinoma invading bile duct was improved from 80.4%(37/46, conventinal ultrasound) to 100%(46/46, CEUS) significantly (χ2=7.882,P=0.005). Portal vein invasion were found in 9 cases during operative exploration and the detective rates on conventinal ultrasound and CEUS were 78%(7/9) and 89%(8/9) without signiifcant difference (P=1.000). Metastatic hilar lymph nodes were found in 8 cases and the displaying rates on conventinal ultrasound and CEUS were the same (75%, 6/8) without signiifcant difference (P=1.000). Conclusions CEUS could signiifcantly improve the clearly displaying rate of hilar cholangiocarcinoma and improve the evaluation accuracy for invaded bile duct comparing with conventinal ultrasound.

OBJECTIVE To determine the characterization, anti-tumor efficacy and pharmacokinetics of bufalin- loaded PEGylated liposomes compared with bufalin entity. METHODS Bufalin- loaded PEGylated liposomes and bufalin- loaded liposomes were prepared reproducibly with homogeneous particle size by the combination of thin film evaporation method and high pressure homogenization method. The particle size and zeta potential of the liposomes were determined by dynamic light scattering technique. The direct imaging of morphology of liposomes was charactered by transmission electron microscope. The content of bufalin in liposomes was analysed by HPLC method. The entrapment efficiency and the particle size was applied to assess the stability profile, after storage at 4℃ on day 0, 7, 15, 30 and 90. The in-vitro release behaviours of bufalin from liposomes were conducted using dialysis bag technique at 37℃. In-vitro cytotoxicity studies were carried out using MTT〔3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide〕assay on several kinds of tumor cell lines including SW620, PC-3, MDA-MB-231, A549, U251, U87 and HepG2. In-vivo pharmacokinetic study of bufalin liposomes was evaluated by HPLC method. RESULTS Their mean particle sizes were 127.6 nm and 155.0 nm, mean zeta potentials were 2.24 mV and - 18.5 mV, entrapment efficiencies were 76.31% and 78.40% , respectively. In- vitro release profile revealed that the release of bufalin in bufalin- loaded PEGylated liposomes was slower than that of bufalin-loaded liposomes. The cytotoxicity of blank liposomes has been found within acceptable range, whereas bufalin-loaded PEGylated liposomes showed enhanced cytotoxicity to U251 cells compared with bufalin entity. In-vivo pharmacokinetics indicated that bufalin-loaded PEGylated liposomes could extend eliminate half-life time of bufalin in plasma in rats. CONCLUSION The results suggested that bufalin-loaded PEGylated liposomes improved the solubility and increased the drug concentration in plasma.

AIMTo study the chemical composition of Tripterygirm wilfordii Hook. f.

METHODSColunm chromatography was used to separate the chemical constituents. UV, IR, MS, HRMS, 1HNMR, 13CNMR (COM and OFR), 1H-1H COSY, 1H-13C COSY, NOESY and COLOC spectra were used to determine the structures of the isolated constituents.

RESULTSTwo sesquiterpene alkaloids were isolated and their structures were elucidated as wilforgine and wilfordlongine on the basis of spectral evidence.

CONCLUSIONWilfordclonine is a new sesquiterpene alkaloid.

Lactones ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Molecular Structure ; Plant Roots ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Pyridines ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Tripterygium ; chemistry

OBJECTIVETo investigate the protective action of Epimedium against chemotherapy-induced damage to rat epididymides.

METHODSFifty 60-day-old male rats were divided into a control, a model and a treatment group. Procarbazine was injected into the abdominal cavity of the model rats at the dose of 30 mg/(kg x d). In addition to procarbazine, Epimedium was given intragastrically to the treatment group. The changes in the ultrastructure of the epididymis were observed after 10 and 20 days.

RESULTSElectron microscopy showed that the chemotherapy-induced damages to the epididymal epithelia mainly included cell swelling, local cavitation of mitochondria, tumor-like change in nucleoli, agglutination of marginal translocation of heterochromatin and cell apoptosis. The damage to the epithelial ultrastructure was slight in the treatment group as compared with the model rats. Chemotherapy significantly affected sperm concentration, sperm viability and sialic acid (SA), which were (15.59 +/- 4.01) x 10(6)/ml, (76.71 +/- 10.11)% and (19.38 +/- 9.34) g/mg prot in the model group in comparison with (10.63 +/- 3.82) x 10(6)/ml (P < 0.01), (60.03 +/- 7.54)% (P < 0.01) and (13.62 +/- 7.81) g/g prot (P < 0.05) in the control. Epimedium significantly increased sperm viability in the treatment group (60.03 +/- 7.54)% as compared with the model rats (69.90 +/- 12.58)% (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONEpimedium can lessen chemotherapy-induced damage to the epididymis and protect the reproductive function of rats.

Animals ; Antineoplastic Agents ; toxicity ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Epididymis ; drug effects ; physiopathology ; ultrastructure ; Epimedium ; chemistry ; Infertility, Male ; chemically induced ; physiopathology ; prevention & control ; Male ; Microscopy, Electron, Transmission ; Phytotherapy ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy and safety of recombinant human endostatin injection combined with cisplatin injection in the treatment of malignant pleural effusion.Methods Sixty patients with malignant pleural effusion were randomly divided into control and treatment group with 30 cases per group.Control group was given 60 mg per time,twice a week,thoracic perfusion.Treatment group was given recombinant human endostatin 45 mg per time,twice a week,thoracic perfusion,on the basis of control group.Two groups were treated for 3 months.The dose of cisplatin is not more than 120 mg per month,and the disappearance of hydrothorax is stopped.The clinical efficacy and adverse drug reactions were compared between two groups.Results After treatment,the disease control rates of treatment and control groups were 80.00％ (24 cases / 30 cases) and 60.00％ (18 cases / 30 cases) with significant difference (P ＜ 0.05).The adverse drug reactions in two groups were gastrointestinal reactions,fever,fatigue,leukopenia,thrombocytopenia,liver and kidney function damage,and their incidences of adverse drug reactions had no statistically significant difference (all P ＞0.05).Conclusion Recombinant human endostatin injection combined with cisplatin injection has a definitive clinical efficacy in the treatment of malignant pleural effusion,without increasing the incidence of adverse drug reactions.

The chemical property of cinnamaldehyde is unstable in vivo, although early experiments have shown its obvious therapeutic effects on viral myocarditis (VMC). To overcome this problem, we used cinnamaldehyde as a leading compound to synthesize derivatives. Five derivatives of cinnamaldehyde were synthesized: 4-methylcinnamaldehyde (1), 4-chlorocinnamaldehyde (2), 4-methoxycinnamaldehyde (3), α-bromo-4-methylcinnamaldehyde (4), and α-bromo-4-chlorocinnamaldehyde (5). Neonatal rat cardiomyocytes and HeLa cells infected by coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) were used to evaluate their antiviral and cytotoxic effects. In vivo BALB/c mice were infected with CVB3 for establishing VMC models. Among the derivatives, compound 4 and 5 inhibited the CVB3 in HeLa cells with the half-maximal inhibitory concentrations values of 11.38 ± 2.22 μM and 2.12 ± 0.37 μM, respectively. The 50% toxic concentrations of compound 4 and 5-treated cells were 39-fold and 87-fold higher than in the cinnamaldehyde group. Compound 4 and 5 effectively reduced the viral titers and cardiac pathological changes in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, compound 4 and 5 significantly inhibited the secretion, mRNA and protein expressions of inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 in CVB3-infected cardiomyocytes, indicating that brominated cinnamaldehyde not only improved the anti-vital activities for VMC, but also had potent anti-inflammatory effects in cardiomyocytes induced by CVB3.
Animals ; Cytokines ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; Interleukin-6 ; Mice ; Myocarditis* ; Myocytes, Cardiac ; Rats ; RNA, Messenger ; Therapeutic Uses

OBJECTIVETo perform an comparative proteome analysis of human papillomavirus-infected cervical specimens and to investigate different expressions between high- and low-risk genotypes.

METHODSThe cervical specimens were divided into two groups (cervical intraepithelial neoplasia group and condyloma acuminatum group) according to their genotypes. Using comparative proteome technology, high-risk human papillomavirus-infected cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, low-risk human papillomavirus-infected condyloma acuminatum, and normal cervical intraepithelial tissue were compared. The differential expression protein spots were identified by mass spectrometry.

RESULTSTotally 26 differential spots were selected and analyzed, and 22 peptide mass fingerprints (PMF) maps were obtained by MALDI-TOF-MS. Eighteen proteins were preliminarily identified after searching the NCBInr database. The function information of these 18 proteins mainly involved cell metabolism, signal transduction, cell secretion, cell cytoskeleton construction, cell proliferation, and apoptosis.

CONCLUSIONThe proteomic expressions after the cervical infection of high- or low-risk genotype of human papillomavirus are obviously different.

Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia ; metabolism ; virology ; Cervix Uteri ; metabolism ; Condylomata Acuminata ; metabolism ; virology ; Female ; Genotype ; Humans ; Papillomaviridae ; genetics ; pathogenicity ; Papillomavirus Infections ; metabolism ; virology ; Proteome ; metabolism ; Risk ; Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization ; Uterine Cervical Diseases ; metabolism ; virology

BACKGROUNDThe ADRA2B gene insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism is associated with various cardiovascular and metabolic phenotypes. Large (C1) and small (C2) artery compliance, assessed by pulse wave analysis, is considered as sensitive markers or risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Therefore whether the ADRA2B I/D polymorphism is associated with C1 and C2 need to be investigated.

METHODSA total of 227 men and 243 women were enrolled in a Chinese family-based study. C1 and C2 were measured by pulse wave analysis. ADRA2B genotypes were determined by polymerase chain reaction. Statistical methods included generalized estimation equations and quantitative transmission disequilibrium test.

RESULTSThe II (31.9%), ID (46.8%) and DD (21.3%) genotype frequencies were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (P = 0.73). The covariates selected by stepwise regression for C1 and C2 were age, systolic pressure and gender. The population based association analysis showed that C1 and C2 were not associated with ADRA2B genotype both before (C1: P = 0.28; C2: P = 0.27) and after (C1: P = 0.58; C2: P = 0.18) the adjustment. The family-based analyses of 128 informative offspring showed that transmission of the D-allele was not associated with C1 or C2, both before (C1: P = 0.42; C2: P = 0.85) and after (C1: P = 0.31; C2: P = 0.82) the adjustment.

CONCLUSIONThe study do not support that the ADRA2B gene I/D polymorphism has a major gene effect on C1 or C2 in the Chinese population of current sample size.

Adult ; Aged ; Arteries ; physiology ; Blood Pressure ; Compliance ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-2 ; genetics

Objective Chondrocytes were seeded on allogeneic demineralized cancellous bone (DCB ) constructing tissue-engineered cartilage to evaluate the feasibility of DCB as scaffolds for tissue engineering cartilage.Methods Allogeneic DCB was prepared by successive defatting and decalcification and then observed under scanning electronic microscope.One-month old rabbit articular chondrocytes were isolated and proliferated by monolayer culture.Passage 1 chondrocytes were seeded on DCB to construct tissue-engineered cartilage in vitro for 6 weeks.Specimens were taken after 7,14,21,28,35 and 42 days'culture and evaluated by hematoxylin and eosin (HE),toluidine blue (TB),and immunohistochemistry for collagen type Ⅰ and Ⅱ.Results Prepared DCB showed three-dimensional porous structure of 100 - 500 μm with good plasticity and certain mechanical strength. Chondrocytes grew well on and inside the DCB,and were located in lacunae and expressed matrix proteoglycan and type collagen Ⅱ,which formed cartiageous tissues on DCB up to 42 days'culture.Conclusion DCB combined with allogeneic chondrocytes successfully constructed tissue-engineered cartilage in vitro ,which is an ideal scaffold for tissue engineering cartilage.