AIM: To observe the changes in contrast sensitivity (CS) between emmetropic pilots, glasses wearing, and after laser in situ keratomileuses ( LASIK) surgery pilots, provide the basis for the physical examination standard after operation.
METHODS:The CS of 13 emmetropic pilots (26 eyes), 12 glasses wearing pilots (24 eyes) and 10 with LASIK (20 eyes) , under photopic, scotopic and scotopic with glare environments at four different spatial frequencies ( 3, 6, 12 and 18cpd ) were measured and the resluts were analyzed by statistics.
RESULTS:Under photopic environments, there was no significant difference in the low spatial frequency (3cpd) among the three groups (P>0. 05). The CS of emmetropic pilots was better than that of the myopic and with LASIK, and there was significant difference (P<0. 05). There was no significant difference in CS between myopic and with LASIK (P>0. 05). Under scotopic environments, there was no significant difference in the low spatial frequency (3cpd)among the three groups (P>0. 05). The CS of emmetropic and with LASIK pilots were better than that of the myopic, and there was significant difference ( P<0.05). There was no significant difference in CS between emmetropic and with LASIK (P>0. 05). Under scotopic with glare environments, the CS of emmetropic and myopic pilots were better than that of the with LASIK, and there was significant difference (P<0. 05). There was no significant difference in CS between myopic and with LASIK (P>0. 05).
CONCLUSION: The CS after LASIK is decreased compare with emmetropic pilot, specially under scotopic with glare environments. A perfect identification standard should be set up.

Objective To evaluate the characters of respiratory function in children with chronic cough and explore the correlative association between cough variant asthma(CVA) and etiology of chronic cough.Methods One hundred and forty patients with chronic cough were divided into 2 groups based on peak expiratory flow(PEF) or forced expiratory volume in one second(FEV1).Ninty-three cases were done exercise test and 47 cases were done bronchoditor rest.The parameters included forced vital capacity(FVC),FEV1,PEF,forced expiratory flow at 50% and 75%(FEF50,FEF75).Results The measurement 35 cases with positive bronchoditor rest,and 30 cases with positive exercise test were found.The PEF and FEV1 variation rate were(18.30?10.50)%,(18.78?9.44)% in exercise test groups,and(30.36?27.27)%,(36.13?26.83)% in bronchoditor rest groups,respectively.Conclusions FEV1,PEF may be used as markers for the reversibility of airway obstructe in children with CVA.There is significant correlation between PEF and FEV1.Respiratory function mensurate may reflect the change and degree of inflammation in the airway of children with chronic cough.

Objective To study the potential efficacy of transplanted bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in treating and repairing the acute lung injury in animal models. Methods MSCs were isolated from mouse bone marrow, cultrued and amplified in vitro. The lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was inhaled through postnasal tract to cause acute lung injury in mice and the MSCs labeled by Brdu were administrated via vein into the mice. The migration and differention of the cells were identified by immunostaining and double immunostaining. The pathological changes, pulmonary edema index and the content of IL-1β in lung homogenate were used to accese the therapeutical effect of MSCs. Results The cultured MSCs dispalyed a positive CD44 and a negative CD34. The Brdu-labeled cells were detected in the lungs of the recipient 4 days after transplantation, indicating its origin of MSCs. Theses cells also exhibited characteristics of aveolar epithelials, expressing the cytokeratin-the marker of epithelium. Compared with the injuried ones, the mice treated with MSCs showed a decreased pulmonary edema in-dex and IL-1β content in the lung homogenate. Conclusion These data suggest a therapeutical effects of MSCs in treating and repairing the mouse acute lung injury.

Objective To explore the effect of cutaneous never anastomosis on sensory recovery in repairing wide spreadly soft tissue defects in dorsal hand with free anterolateral femoral flap. Methods The cases with wide spreadly soft tissue defects in dorsal hand repaired with free anterolateral femoral flap from January 2006 to December 2012 were divided into 2 groups. The control group including 15 consecutive patients from January 2006 to January 2009, whose sensation was reconstructed in routine way. Other 15 consecutive patients from Febnary 2009 to December 2012 were as research group, whose sensation was reconstructed with the suture of cutaneous nevers of anterolateral femoral flaps and forearm. All the patients were followed up for 12~24 months. Results All the free flaps survived in both groups. There were 4 cases good of sensory recovery in the control group, and it was 11 in the research group. No ulceration happened. Conclusion Cutaneous never anastomosis may result in satisfactory sensory function in the patients with wide spreadly soft tissue descts in dorsal hand repaired with free anterolateral femoral flap.

To establish and manage of multicentral collection bio-sample banks of malignant tumors from digestive system, the paper designed a multicentral management system, established the standard operation procedures (SOPs) and leaded ten hospitals nationwide to collect tumor samples. The biobank has been established for half a year, and has collected 695 samples from patients with digestive system malignant tumor. The clinical data is full and complete, labeled in a unified way and classified to be managed. The clinical and molecular biology researches were based on the biobank, and obtained achievements. The biobank provides a research platform for malignant tumor of digestive system from different regions and of different types.
Biological Specimen Banks ; organization & administration ; Digestive System ; pathology ; Humans ; Neoplasms ; Specimen Handling

Objective To approach the effect on mechanical barricade of the mucous membrane of small intestine caused by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs(NSAIDs).Methods Thirty-two male SD rats were randomly divided into control group and model group.The rats of the model group were given 7.5 mg/kg diclofenac by gavage,bid;the rats of the control group were given the same dose of saline.Then thev were further randomly divided into two subgroups(n=8)at the first day and the fifth day after making the models to observe the scores of anatomical lesion on stomach and small intestine and the scores of tissue damage of mucous membrane and to quantitatively analyze the height of villi,as well as the thickness and the section area of mucous membrane with Carl Zeiss Imaging Systems.Observation of the change of ultrastructural organization of mucous membrane was carried out with transmission electron microscope.Results The mucous membrane of stomach of the model groups was slightly edematous.There was no difference between the scores of the model groups and control groups.It was seen that the mucous membrane of small intestine of the first day model group presented with erythema,anabrosis and ulcer.The ulcer was distributed along mesentery.The mucous membrane of small intestine of the fifth day model group showed bleeding,perforation and sinus tract formation,and the scores of anatomical lesion was higher than that of the control group(P＜0.05).The scroes of the lesions of the first and fifth day model groups were 3.5 and 5.0.The difference had statistical significance when compared with those of the control groups(the scores were O)(P＜0.05).Cell degeneration and cellular necrosis of epithelial mueosa of small intestine wag also seen in the first day model group.The top of villi was ablated.The height of the pile on jejunum was (126.9±32.0)μm and that on ileum wag(118.6±22.9)μm They were lower than those of the control group(P＜0.05).However there was no difference of the thickness and section area between them,but the thickness and section area showed a tendency of decrease.It was also seen that there were apomorphosis and sphacelism of epithelial cells in the fifth day model group.Some villi were ablated and laminae propna exposed.The height of villi on jejunum[(73.4±25.4)μm]and that on ileum[(109.3±17.6)μm]decreased significantiy.The thickness of mucous membrane[(123.8±51.6)μm and(165.7±37.4)μm]decreased alnd the section area[(2.48±1.01)mm2 and(3.27±0.76)mm2]became smaller(P＜0.05 vs control group).The mucous membrane of the villi on small intestine wag continuous but arranged disorderly.Cytochondriome swelled,endocytoplasmic reticulia expanded with different degrees,intercellular junction widened Dartly.The microviili in the fifth day model group were ablated more obviously and intercellular iunctions were broken and destroyed gravely.Conclusions Diclofenac can cause damage to the function of mucous membrane barricade of small intestine.It could also lead to shortening of the villi,thinning of the mucous membrane,ablation of the microvilli,and widening of the tight intercellular junction as the characteristic morphological change.

AIM: To explore the relationship between intercellular adhesion molecule-1(ICAM-1)expression in endothelial cells(EC) and advanced glycosylation end products(AGEs) stimulation. METHODS: Murine bone marrow derived ECs was stimulated by AGEs after pretreated with anti-AGEs, anti-IL-1? and N-acetylcysteine(NAC),then SOD activity and ICAM-1 concentration and adhesion rate(AR) were evaluated. RESULTS: ECs which expressed ICAM-1[(0.65?0.14) vs (0.11?0.02)] induced by AGEs showed lower SOD activity [(0.69?0.19)?10 3 U/L vs (1.71?0.42)?10 3 U/L]. The ICAM-1 expression as well as the increase of AR caused by AGEs stimulation could be suppressed by anti-AGEs(0.12?0.01) and NAC(0.11?0.05). Anti-IL-1? had no influence on these changes. CONCLUSION: AGEs could induce endothelial cells to express ICAM-1 in vitro, most probably due to the formation of free radicals. Besides, AGEs may stimulate other cells to secrete cytokines resulting in ICAM-1 expression in endothelial cells.

BACKGROUND:Foreign studies have found that the magnesium alloy stent is safe and effective, but there are few studies on the degradation performance of magnesium alloy stents in China.OBJECTIVE:To investigate the degradation of degradable AZ31 magnesium alloy stent in the rabbit abdominal aorta and the effect of degradation process on vascularization.METHODS:Twenty-eight rabbits were enrolled, and the degradable AZ31 magnesium alloy stent was implanted into the rabbit abdominal aorta. Postoperative abdominal aortic X-ray examination and histological observation were done at 30, 60, 90, 120 days after implantation.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1) X-ray examination: 30 days after implantation, the stent expanded completely with structural integrity; 60 days after implantation, the stent deformation, partial stent fracture, and lose of support were found; 90 days after implantation, only a small amount of support rod residues were found, and the majority of the stent was degraded; and 120 days after implantation, there was no support rod residual, and the stent was degraded completely. (2) Histological observation: 60 days after implantation, the number of residual support rods was less than that 30 days after implantation (P< 0.05), the number value at 90 days after implantation was lower than that at 30 and 60 days after implantation (P< 0.05), and the number value at 120 days after implantation was lower than that at 30, 60, 90 days after implantation (P < 0.05), indicating that the number of residual support rods was negatively correlated with post-implantation days. The time for complete stent degradation was 124.8 days. The intimal area at 90 days after implantation was higher than that at 30, 60, 120 days after implantation (P < 0.05), while the lumen area was smaler than that at 30, 60, 120 days after implantation (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the intimal area and lumen area at latter three time points after implantation. To conclude, the degradation of the degradable AZ31 magnesium alloy stent in the rabbit abdominal aorta can be completed within 124.8 days, and at 90 days after the stent is implanted, vascular intimal hyperplasia and lumen stenosis are most serious, and then gradualy reduced.

To reveal the variation of polysaccharides and alcohol-soluble extract contents of Dendrobium officinale, the polysaccharides and alcohol-soluble extracts contents of three D. officinale strains were determined by phenol-sulfuric acid method and hot-dip method, respectively. The results showed that the contents of polysaccharides and alcohol-soluble extracts and their total content were significantly different among D. officinale samples collected in different periods, and the variations were closely related to the phenology of D. officinale. Additionally, the quality variation of polysaccharides was closely related to the flowering of D. officinale, while the alcohol-soluble extracts was closely associated to the formation and germination of buds. According to the dynamic variation of these two compounds, it is more reasonable to harvest D. officinale at biennials pre-bloom than at specific harvesting month considering polysaccharides content. It is better to harvest before the germination of buds considering alcohol-soluble extracts. While with regards to both polysaccharides and alcohol-soluble extract, it is better to harvest this plant at the period from the sprouting to pre-bloom next year.
Dendrobium ; chemistry ; Plant Extracts ; isolation & purification ; Polysaccharides ; isolation & purification

Objective To investigate the efficacy and safety of leflunomide as induction and mainten-ance therapy for class Ⅴ lupus nephritis. Methods Sixteen patients with lupus nephritis (of which, three proven with Ⅴ +Ⅲ, six with Ⅴ+Ⅳ ), proven by renal biopsies, were included in this study. ALL patients rec-eived LEF plus prednisone treatment. For induction therapy, all patients were given an initial loading dose of LEF 60 mg daily for three days, followed by 20 mg daily for the whole induction treatment period. Prednisone was given starting from 0.8 mg per kilogram daily, then tapered four weeks later. After twenty-four weeks, the dosages of LEF and prednisone were 10 mg/d, 5～10 mg/d respectively during maintenance therapy. We asses-sed total remission rates in the end of twenty-four weeks, as well as the changes of system lupus erythematosus disease activity index (SLEDAI), urinary protein per twenty-four hours (24 h Upr), serum albumin, serum creatinine level, complement C3, complement C4, C reactive protein, serum titer of ANA and anti-dsDNA be-fore treatment, 12 weeks, 24 weeks and 48 weeks after treatment respectively. Meanwhile, seven patients received repeated renal biopsies after completing induction therapy, so we compared pathological activity index (AI) and chroniciry index (CI) between pre-therapy and post-therapy at the same time. T and t' test were selected. Results Sixteen patients were followed-up. After 24 weeks induction therapy, the total remission rate was 75.0%; SLEDAI was significantly lower than pre-therapy [(15.4±3.5) vs (6.9±1.7), P<0.05]; 24 h Upr was also significantly lower than pre-therapy [(5.8±2.2) g vs (l.3±0.5) g, P<0.01 ]. Unfortunately, all seven patients performed repeated renal biopsies with class Ⅴ lupus nephritis again histologically, of which two were transformed other cater-ofies. Comparing with that of pre-therapy, AI was improved after therapy [(2.4±0.9) vs (1.7±0.8), P<0.05]. However, CI indicated no difference. Adverse events including major infection occurred in four patients. The adverse events happened at the 12 th week after treatment. Conclusion The efficacy of LEF plus corticoster-oids as induction and maintenance therapy for class Ⅴ lupus nephritis is remarkable and the tolerance of patients is good.