This paper analyzed the characteristics of pathophysiology teaching for Mongolian students.Exploration was made in aspects of designing,implementing and evaluating multilingual pathophysiology teaching mode for Mongolian students.The problems of the mode were summarized and optimization measures were proposed.

Objective To investigate the concentration of homocysteine (Hcy) and related factors of hyperhomocyste-inemia (hHcy,Hcy≥15μmol/L) among non-hypertensive people aged between 40-70 in Tianjin. Methods Non-hyperten-sive community residents aged 40-70 years were enrolled randomly from May 2011 to December 2012 in six districts in Tian-jin. Plasma Hcy was assessed by enzyme cycling method. Factors related to hHcy were analyzed in multivariate logistic re-gression models. Results Our study included 874 participants (mean age is 57 ± 6 years, 25.5%of all are males) and the con-centration of Hcy was 12.0 μmol/L. The OR (odds ratio)(95%CI; P)for hHcy were 1.048(1.015,1.083; P=0.004), 4.191 (2.359,7.448;P<0.001), 1.280(0.896,1.829;P=0.175), 0.460(0.259,0.816;P=0.008)respectively for age, male, smoking, exercise, and the odd ratio for hHcy were 0.290(0.179, 0.469;P<0.001), 0.168(0.092,0.309;P<0.001)for consumption of vegetable and fruits 250-500 g/d and>500g/d, compared with<250 g/d. Conclusion Male and age were adverse factors for hHcy, consumption of vegetable and fruits, and exercise were positive factors.

To explore an easily executive and conveniently generalized method with effectiveness and low costing for myopia screening at the early stage.Research was performed to testify the reasonability of using axial length/corneal radius (AL/CR) for myopia screening in children by comparing the cost between AL/CR plus vision acuity (VA) and simple VA examination.Chinese school-aged children in Yangfang school district,Beijing (n=1427,aged 6～12 years old) were randomly grouped for either pure VA examination or for VA plus AL/CR examination.Those suspicious myopic children were informed for further refractive examination.Finally,the cost from screening to definite diagnosis of refractive error was calculated.Generally,compared with VA examination,the total cost was reduced by 15.12％ and by 12.34％,respectively,in the elder group using VA plus AL/CR examination.VA plus AL/CR examination is an economical and reasonable method for screening suspicious myopia in Chinese school-aged children compared with pure VA examination.

ObjectiveTo assess the diagnostic value of ultrasonography in the diagnosis and pathological classifi cation of appendicitis with pathological results.MethodsThe study included 111 cases who confi rmed by surgery and pathology in the Six Affi liated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University from June2012 to December 2013. The image characteristics of ultrasonic images performed before surgery were analyzed retrospectively. The cases were divided into five groups based on the pathology: 6 acute simple appendicitis, 45 acute suppurative appendicitis, 15 acute gangrenous appendicitis, 33 chronic appendicitis, and 12 acute attack of chronic appendicitis. The length, width and wall thickness of the appendicitis measured by preoperative ultrasound between various pathological type were compared with Kruskal-Wallis statistical methord, and also used the same method to compared the one which had statistically signifi cance between the fi ve groups. As in the above case, Fisher Exact Test was used to compare the characters′ of ultrasonography included gradations of the appendix, the tube cavity expansion, stercorolith, the appendiceal abscess, mergering lymph node enlargement and the appendix around effusion, if there was statistically signifi cance, the same methord was used to the further comparison between thefi ve groups.ResultsTotally 90 of 111 cases of were reminded appendicitis by preoperative ultrasound, the diagnostic accuracy rate was 81.08%, including acute suppurative appendicitis 91.11% (41/45), acute gangrenous appendicitis 93.33% (14/15), acute simple appendicitis 83.33% (5/6), chronic appendicitis 60.61% (20/33), chronic appendicitis onset acute 83.33% (10/12). There were no statistical differences of preoperative ultrasound measured between various pathological type of appendicitis in length, while the appendix width measured by preoperative ultrasound of acute gangrenous appendicitis was wider than the acute simple group and chronic group, and there were statistically signifi cance between them (P<0.05), in the aspect of wall thickness, the acute suppurative appendicitis and the acute gangrenous appendicitis groups were thicker than the chronic group, and these differences had statistically signifi cance (P<0.05). The stercorolith, lymph node enlargement and the appendiceal abscess in different types of appendicitis had no statistical difference. There were statistically differences (P<0.05) between the acute suppurative goup, acute gangrenous group and the chronic group respectively, both in gradations of the appendix and the tube cavity expansion. Also there were statistically difference (P<0.05) between the acute gangrenous appendicitis group and the chronic group in the aspect of the appendix around effusion.ConclusionsUltrasound is valuable in the diagnosis of appendicitis, especially for acute gangrenous appendicitis and acute purulent appendicitis. The measurement of appendix with wide diameter, wall thickness by ultrasond preoperatively, and the characteristics of the wall layers, lumen expansion degree and the appendix around effusion are valuable in identifying chronic appendicitis, acute suppurative appendicitis, and acute gangrene appendicitis; The ultrasonic measurement of appendix wide diameter could identify acute gangrenous appendicitis and acute simple appendicitis. Ultrasound had limited value in identifying acute suppurative, acute gangrenous appendicitis, acute simple appendicitis, chronic appendicitis, and chronic appendicitis onset acute.

Objective To study the blood concentration of hydroxychloroquine in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) treated with different doses, and analyze the relationship between blood concentration of hydroxychloroquine and disease activity, and evaluate its safety.Methods Forty SLE patients were randomly divided into 2 groups, each group contained 20 cases.The patients in group A were treated with hydroxychloroquine (0.4 g, qd), while patients in group B were treated with hydroxychloroquine (0.2 g, qd).The treatment lasted more than six months in every patient.The blood concentrations of hydroxychloro-quine were detected by high performance liquid chromatography.The clinical and laboratory indices were collected.The systemic lupus erythematosus disease activity index (SLEDAI) score was recorded.The doses and varieties of combined hormone, immunosuppressant were recorded.The correlation of blood concentration of hydroxychloroquine and disease activity was analyzed.The significance was determined by Student's t test and Pearson correlation analysis.Results In SLE patients, the average blood concentration of hydro-xychloroquine was (402±190) ng/ml in group A and (150±60) ng/ml in group B (t=7.471, P＜0.01).The disease activities of patients in the two groups showed no significant difference (t=-0.172, P＞0.05).The platelet counts of patients in group A were significantly higher than those in group B[(188±88)×109/L vs (158 ±87) ×109/L] (t=4.375, P＜0.05).However, the other laboratory parameters showed no significant difference between the two groups (P＞0.05).Conclusion The results of this study indicate that the blood concentrations of hydroxy-chloroquine are significantly different in different dosages.The high dose of hydroxy-chloroquine is related to high platelet number in lupus patients.These findings suggest that hydroxychloroquine is safe and effective for SLE patients.

Objective To investigate the significance of early diagnosis and intervention in cases with severe hand-foot-mouth disease. Methods Nine severe cases were chosen from 220 hospitalized children with hand-foot-mouth disease for retrospective analysis, including onset, disease progression, the blood and cerebrospinal fluid tests, electroencephalogram data, patients' treatment responses and prognosis. Pearson X2 test and t test were utilized for statistical analysis. Results All cases showed nervous systems involved symptom, including meningeal irritation sign and (or) other pathological signs of nervous system (9 cases), drowsy (7 cases), trembling (6 cases), voiding dysfunction (3 cases), hypersensitivity(3 cases), autonomic nervous system disorders (2 cases), ataxia (1 case), left leg mild paralysis (1 case) and early stage of pulmonary edema (1 case). Early intervention, such as high dose gamma globulin, methylprednisolone, mannitol treatment restriction of fluid input, started before the development of heart and lung failure. No case died but one patient with encephalomyelitis showed hobbling left leg, which didn't recover until 6 weeks later. One case with brainstem encephalitis still showed abnormal electroencephalogram after 8 weeks follow-up but without clinical symptom. Conclusions Enterovirus 71 can cause severe hand-foot-mouth disease complicated by encephalitis, meningitis and pulmonary edema. Early active intervention before the development of neurogenic pulmonary edema can improve the prognosis and reduce the mortality.

To knock out β-lactoglobulin (BLG) gene and insert human lactoferrin (hLF) coding sequence at BLG locus of goat, the transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALEN) mediated recombination was used to edit the BLG gene of goat fetal fibroblast, then as donor cells for somatic cell nuclear transfer. We designed a pair of specific plasmid TALEN-3-L/R for goat BLG exon III recognition sites, and BLC14-TK vector containing a negative selection gene HSV-TK, was used for the knock in of hLF gene. TALENs plasmids were transfected into the goat fetal fibroblast cells, and the cells were screened three days by 2 μg/mL puromycin. DNA cleavage activities of cells were verified by PCR amplification and DNA production sequencing. Then, targeting vector BLC14-TK and plasmids TALEN-3-L/R were co-transfected into goat fetal fibroblasts, both 700 μg/mL G418 and 2 μg/mL GCV were simultaneously used to screen G418-resistant cells. Detections of integration and recombination were implemented to obtain cells with hLF gene site-specific integration. We chose targeting cells as donor cells for somatic cell nuclear transfer. The mutagenicity of TALEN-3-L/R was between 25% and 30%. A total of 335 reconstructed embryos with 6 BLG-/hLF+ targeting cell lines were transferred into 16 recipient goats. There were 9 pregnancies confirmed by ultrasound on day 30 to 35 (pregnancy rate of 39.1%), and one of 50-day-old fetus with BLG-/hLF+ was achieved. These results provide the basis for hLF gene knock-in at BLG locus of goat and cultivating transgenic goat of low allergens and rich hLF in the milk.
Animals ; Animals, Genetically Modified ; genetics ; Female ; Fibroblasts ; Gene Knock-In Techniques ; Gene Knockout Techniques ; Goats ; genetics ; Humans ; Lactoferrin ; genetics ; Lactoglobulins ; genetics ; Milk ; chemistry ; Nuclear Transfer Techniques ; Plasmids ; Pregnancy ; Transfection

OBJECTIVETo investigate the clinical effects of plate and xenogenic bony plate for the treatment of nonunion of femoral shaft fracture after initial fixation with locked intramedullary nailing.

METHODSFrom February 2006 to June 2013, 21 cases with nonunion of femoral shaft fracture after initial fixation with locked intramedullary nailing were treated with femoral plate and contralateral xenogenic bony plate. There were 12 males and 9 females with an average age of 34.8 years old (ranging from 18 to 62 years). The time of nonunion was 9 to 18 months (averaged 12.8 months). The clinical outcomes of the treatment were evaluated by Merchan assessment.

RESULTSAll of the patients were primary healing, and on complications such as infection,fat embolism, internal fixation breaking or rotational deformity, shortening were occurred. All the cases were followed up for 13.2 months (ranging from 8 to 24 months). Nineteen cases were bone healed,the time of union averaged 6.2 months (ranging from 4 to 9 months). Two cases appeared delayed union and gained bony union after 7 to 13 months' observation. According to the criterion of Merchan,the results were excellent in 13 cases, good in 6 cases, poor in 2 cases.

CONCLUSIONTreatment of nonunion of femoral shaft fracture after initial locked intramedullary fixation with plate and xenogenic bony plate has advantages of high curative rate and low complications, good postoperative function recovery, it is a reliable treatment to elevate the stability of fixation and promote the osteogenesis.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Bone Plates ; Female ; Femoral Fractures ; surgery ; Fracture Fixation, Intramedullary ; methods ; Fractures, Ununited ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged

Adolescent ; Child ; Female ; Hepatitis B Antibodies ; blood ; Hepatitis B Vaccines ; immunology ; Humans ; Male ; Thymosin ; therapeutic use ; Vaccination ; Vaccines, Synthetic ; immunology