Objective To observe the protein and mRNA expression of thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor (TSHR) in mammary gland tissue of lactating rats,and to explore iodine uptake mechanism.Methods Eighty adult Wistar rats (60 female and 20 male),weighting 210-250 g were selected.All female Wistar rats were randomly divided into 6 groups according to their body mass:normal non-pregnant group,lactating for 5-,10-,15-and 20-day groups and weaning for 5 days group,10 rats in each group.All rats were fed with conventional fodder and tap water freely.In addition to the normal non-pregnant group,other five groups of female and male rats were mated at 3 ∶ 1,respectively.Then the rats in all groups were killed on the 5th,10th,15th and 20th day after lactation and on the 5th day after weaning to get the mammary gland tissue.The protein and mRNA expression of TSHR were determined by immunohistochemical staining and real-time quantitative PCR.Results TSHR protein was expressed in mammary acinar and ductal epithelial cytoplasm.The expression of TSHR in mammary gland showed significant differences between groups (x2 =14.612,P ＜ 0.05),the staining intensity of mammary gland tissue in normal non-pregnant rats(weak,n =4; moderate,n =6) was weaker than that of lactating for 5 days(weak,n =2; moderate,n =3; strong,n =5) and 10 days groups(barely detectable,n =1;moderate,n =4; strong,n =5; x2 =4.113,5.250,all P＜ 0.05).The expression of TSHR mRNA in mammary gland showed significant differences between groups(F=20.488,P ＜ 0.05); the expression of TSHR mRNA in lactating for 10 days group(0.31 ± 0.06) was higher than that of lactating for 5 days group(0.22 ± 0.04,P ＜ 0.01),and the expression of lactating for 15 days group (0.16 ± 0.08) was significantly lower than that of lactating for 5 days group (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions TSHR is widely expressed in mammary gland of lactating rats.The iodine uptake of mammary gland is enhanced in early lactation period when the body may be more susceptible to iodine deficiency,therefore iodine should be supplemented reasonably.

Objective To investigate the effects and mechanisms of hypoxia on the contraction of mesen-teric arteries induced by phenylephrine (PE) in guinea pig. Methods Pressure myograph system was used to study the effects of 20, 40 and 60 min hypoxia (mixed with 95% CO2 and 5% O2) on the constriction induced by PE in acutely separated mesenteric artery (300 ~ 400 μm) of guinea pig. Results PE (0.1 ~ 100 μmol/L) caused the contractions of the mesenteric arteries in guinea pig in a concentration-dependent way . Hypoxia de creased the pH value of perfusion fluid from 7.4 to 6.3. Hypoxia significantly inhibited PE-induced vasocon-striction, and the inhibition was hard to recover after reoxygenation. Hypoxia inhibited PE-induced vasoconstric-tion in a time-dependent way , with the inhibition rate reduced in the sequence of inhibition duration of 60 , 40 and 20 min. When its value was decreased to 6.3 , the perfusion fluid even inhibited PE-induced vasoconstric tion. Conclusion Hypoxia can inhibit PE-induced vasoconstriction in the mesenteric arteries of guinea pig in a time-dependent way. The mechanism may have something to do with the change of pH.

ObjectiveTo assess the efficacy and safety of Xuebijing injection for the treatment of severe acute pancreatitis (SAP).Methods An extensive search of related literatures from the Cochrane Library, EMBASE, China Biology Medicine (CBM), CNKI, VIP and Wanfang data up to March 2014 was performed. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) regarding Xuebijing injection for the treatment of SAP were collected regardless of languages. Jadad scale was taken for quality evaluation of the included studies by two researchers. The patients in control group were given conventional treatment, and those of the Xuebijing group were given Xuebijing injection on the top of conventional treatment. The Cochrane Collaboration RevMan 5.2 software was used for data analysis regarding the effect of Xuebijing injection on the mortality, incidence of complication, effective rate, the length of stay in hospital, and the safety of the drug in patients with SAP.Results A total of 15 published reports meeting the inclusion criteria were enrolled. The methodological quality of the trials was low. Meta analysis showed that the mortality in Xuebijing group was significantly lower [odds ratio (OR) = 0.37, 95% confidence interval (95%CI) =0.17 - 0.77,P = 0.008], and the incidence of complication was also significantly decreased (OR = 0.26, 95%CI =0.14 - 0.45,P< 0.000 01) as compared with those of control group. The effective rate in Xuebijing group was significantly higher than that of the control group [relative risk (RR) = 0.85, 95%CI = 0.80-0.91,P< 0.000 01]. The length of stay in hospital in Xuebijing group was significantly shorter than that of the control group [mean difference (MD) = -5.28, 95%CI = -6.69 to -3.86,P< 0.000 01]. Adverse reactions of Xuebijing injection were reported in 2 studies. The adverse reaction in one study was headache and nausea, which were relieved by adjusting the speed of intravenous infusion, and mild rash was reported in another case, and it disappeared after the withdrawal of Xuebijing. Conclusions The currently available evidence shows that Xuebijing injection may have some therapeutic effect on SAP. Because of the low methodological quality of the included trials, multi-center and high-quality RCTs with large sample sizes are needed to provide stronger evidence.

OBJECTIVETo observe the effect of Xinfeng Capsule (XFC) on ankylosing spondylitis (AS) patients' symptoms and signs, serum immunoglobulin levels, peripheral blood lymphocyte autophagy protein, autophagy gene, and to explore its mechanism.

METHODSTotally 59 AS patients were assigned to the treatment group (39 cases) and the control group (20 cases) according to random digit table. Patients in the treatment group received XFC, 0.5 g each pill, three pills each time, 3 times per day, while those in the control group received sulfasalazine (SASP), 0.25 g per tablet, 4 tablets each time, twice per day. Three months consisted of one therapeutic course. Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI) and Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index (BASFI) were statistically calculated. Serum immunoglobulins (IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, IgG4, IgA , SIgA, and IgM) were detected using ELISA. Changes of Beclin1, LC3-II, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), Akt, the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) were detected using Western blot. Serum autophagy related genes such as Atg1, Atg5, Atg12, Atg13, and Atg17 were detected using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The correlation between immunoglobulin subtypes and autophagy gene in AS patients using Spearman correlation.

RESULTSCompared with before treatment, BASDAI, IgG1, lgG3, and IgA decreased (P < 0.01); PI3K, Akt, and mTOR protein expressions decreased (P < 0.01); ATG1, ATG12, ATG13, and ATG17 mRNA expressions decreased, ATG5 mRNA expression increased (P < 0.01) in the treatment group. But BASDAI, IgG1, and IgA levels decreased (P < 0.05, P < 0.01); PI3K, Akt, and mTOR protein expressions decreased (P < 0.05); ATG1 and ATG13 mRNA expressions decreased (P < 0.05, P < 0.01) in the control group. Compared with the control group, BASDAI, IgG1, and IgA levels decreased (P < 0.05); PI3K, Akt, mTOR protein expressions decreased (P < 0.01); ATG12 and ATG17 mRNA expression decreased, ATG5 mRNA expression increased (P < 0.01) in the XFC group. Correlation analysis showed AS patients' IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, IgA, SIgA, IgM had negative correlation with ATG17; IgG4 and ATG17 were positively correlated (P < 0.05, P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONXFC could elevate clinical efficacy of AS patients and enhance their autophagy, which might be achieved by acting on PI3K/Akt/mTOR signal, affecting autophagy gene and autophagy protein expression, taking part in the regulation of proliferation and differentiation of lymphocyte B, and strengthen humoral immunity.

Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins ; metabolism ; Autophagy ; drug effects ; Beclin-1 ; Capsules ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin A ; blood ; Immunoglobulin G ; blood ; Immunoglobulin M ; blood ; Lymphocytes ; drug effects ; Membrane Proteins ; metabolism ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases ; metabolism ; Spondylitis, Ankylosing ; drug therapy ; Sulfasalazine ; therapeutic use ; TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases ; metabolism

ObjectiveTo study the mRNA expression of rat Insulin-like growth factors- Ⅰ (IGF- Ⅰ ) and Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) in thyroid and placenta with different iodine intakes during pregnancy.MethodsOne hundred and fifty female Wistar rats,weighting 80 - 100 g,were randomly divided into five groups according to body weight,30 rats in each group.Each group was given deionized water containing different concentrations of iodine,50 μg/L(control group,NI),0 μg/L(iodine deficiency 1 group,LI1 ),5 μg/L(iodine deficiency 2 group,LI2),3000 μg/L(iodine excess 1 group,HI1 ),and 10 000 μg/L(iodine excess 2 group,HI2),respectively.After feeding for 12 weeks,the female rats were mated with male rats.The female rats were sacrificed at first(6,7 days),trimester( 12,13 days),and third trimesters( 19,20 days),respectively,then their thyroid and placenta were collected.The mRNA expressions of IGF- Ⅰ and TGF-1 in thyroid and placenta were detected by real-time quantitative PCR.Results①The actual thyroid weights of LI1 and LI2 groups[ (12.17 ± 5.41 ) × 10-2 g,(3.54 ± 1.21) × 10-2 g] were significantly higher than that of NI group[ (2.05 ± 0.50) × 10-2 g,all P ＜ 0.05] ;actual weights of HI1 and HI 2 groups[ (1.64 ± 0.27) × 10-2 g,(1.66 ± 0.29) × 10-2 g] were compared with that of NI group,the difference was not statistically significant(all P ＞ 0.05).②The mRNA expression of IGF- Ⅰ: at the first trimester,LI1 and LI2 groups(l.98 ± 0.35,1.47 ± 0.22) were all higher than that of NI group(1.01 ± 0.18,all P＜ 0.01 ),HI1 and HI2 groups(0.68 ± 0.16,0.75 ± 0.09) were lower than that of NI group(all P ＜ 0.01 );at the second trimester,HI2 group( 1.14 ± 0.17) was lower than that of NI group( 1.58 ± 0.33,P ＜ 0.01 ) ; at the third trimester,LI2 and HI2 groups(1.47 ± 0.20,1.45 ± 0.35) were lower than that of NI group(2.20 ± 0.37,all P＜0.01).The mRNA expression of IGF- I level in NI group at the first,second,and third trimesters(1.01 ±0.18,1.58 ±0.33,2.20 ± 0.37) was up regulated gradually,pairwise comparisons were statistically significant(all P ＜ 0,01 ).③The mRNA expression of TGF-β1: at the first trimester,LI1 group (1.37 ± 0.13) was higher than NI group (1.05 ±0.18,P ＜ 0.01 ),HI1 and HI2 groups(0.50 ± 0.09,0.44 ± 0.11) were lower than NI group(all P＜ 0.01); at the second trimester,LI1 and HI2 groups(1.39 ± 0.28,1.17 ± 0.12) were higher than NI group(0.63 ± 0.22,all P ＜0.01 ) ; at the third trimester,LI1 and LI2 groups ( 1.57 ± 0.30,1.23 ± 0.20) were higher than NI group ( 0.68 ± 0.17,all P＜ 0.01).TGF-β1 mRNA expressions of NI group at the second (0.63 ± 0.22) and third trimesters(0.68 ± 0.17) were lower than that of the first trimester (1.05 ± 0.18,all P ＜ 0.01).④ Rats' IGF-Ⅰ mRNA expression in placental: at the second trimester HI1 group,HI2 group( 1.48 ± 0.16,1.45 ± 0.25) were all higher than the NI group ( 1.00 ± 0.10,all P ＜ 0.01 ) ; at third trimester,HI1 group ( 1.75 ± 0.15 ) were higher than the NI group ( 1.54 ± 0.29,P＜ 0.05),HI2 group(l.94 ± 0.31) were higher than the NI group(P ＜ 0.01 ).IGF- Ⅰ mRNA expression in placental of NI group at the third trimester was higher than the second trimester(P＜ 0.01).⑤ Rats' TGF-β1 mRNA expression in the placenta: at the second trimester and the third trimester of pregnancy there were no significant difference between the five groups(all P ＞ 0.05) ; NI group at the third trimester(0.83 ± 0.16) was lower than the second trimester(0.98 ± 0.20,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions During pregnancy,IGF- I mRNA expression increases in thyroid under the conditions of iodine deficiency,and this effect is particularly significant in the first trimester; at the same time,TGF-β1 mRNA expression is increased,and this inhibition becomes clear with the deepening of iodine deficiency.Under the condition of iodine excess,the functions of IGF- Ⅰ and TGF-β1 in thyroid above-mentioned were relatively weak.With the development of gestational period,promoting tissues growth and differentiation effect of placenta's IGF- Ⅰ was more significant gradually,but,inhibited effect of TGF-β1 was weaken.

Objective To study the effects of different iodine intakes on rat iodine metabolism during pregnancy.Methods One hundred and fifty female Wistar rats (body weight 80-100 g) were randomly divided into five groups:control group(NI),lower iodine 1 and 2 groups(LI1 and LI2),High iodine 1 and 2 groups(HI1 and HI2) by weight,30 rats in each group.These rats were given deionized water containing different concentrations of iodine,50(NI),0 (LI1),5(LI2),3000(HI1) and 10000 μg/L(HI2),respectively.After 12 weeks,urine samples were collected before copulation.The rats were sacrificed at the first(6-7 days),second (12-13 days) and third trimesters(19-20 days),respectively,serum and amniotic fluid samples were collected.Urinary iodine and iodine level in the fetal amniotic fluid were measured by As3+-Ce4+ catalytic spectrophotometry.Serum iodine was measured by mild acid digestion method.Results The baseline medians of urinary iodine of LI1 and LI2 groups(5.96,15.92 μg/L) were significantly lower than that of the NI group(43.75 μg/L,all P ＜ 0.01),and the values of HI and HI2 groups(5263.96,20389.64 μg/L) were significantly higher than that of the NI group (all P ＜ 0.01).The median of urinary iodine during pregnancy was significantly lower than that of the baseline of no pregnancy(all P ＜ 0.01).The medians of urinary iodine of the NI group at the first and the second trimesters (28.97,34.34 μg/L) were significantly lower than that of the third trimester(42.31 μg/L,all P ＜ 0.01).The means of serum iodine of LI1 and LI2 groups[(3.68 ± 1.69),(10.45 ± 4.16) μg/L] were significantly lower than that of the NI group [(23.68 ± 3.85)μg/L,all P ＜ 0.05],and the means of serum iodine of HI1 and HT2 groups [(502.67 ± 97.03),(822.15 ± 139.45)μg/L] were significantly higher than that of the NI group (all P ＜ 0.01).Although the mean of serum iodine of HI group gradually decreased with the progression of gestation,the difference was not statistically significant(all P ＞ 0.05).The iodine levels in amniotic fluid of fetal rats at the second and the third trimesters in LI1 group(0.85,3.00 μg/L) were significantly lower than that of the NI group(3.56,7.91 μg/L,all P ＜ 0.01),but the difference was not statistically significant between the iodine level in amniotic fluid of fetal rats of the LI2 and the NI groups at the second and the third trimesters(all P ＞ 0.05).The iodine levels in amniotic fluid of fetal rats at the second and the third trimesters in the HI1 group(49.59,171.21 μg/L) were significantly higher than that of the NI group(all P ＜ 0.01).The iodine levels in amniotic fluid of fetal rats at the second and the third trimesters in HI2 group (98.76,544.77 μg/L) were significantly higher than that of the NI group(all P ＜ 0.01).The iodine level in amniotic fluid of fetal rats in the third trimester was significantly higher than that of the second trimester in all the groups (all P ＜ 0.01).The ratios of serum iodine and urinary iodine of the LI1 and the LI2 groups (1.29 ± 1.14,1.70 ± 1.01) were significantly higher than that of the NI group(0.51 ± 0.37,all P ＜0.01),and that of the HI1 and the HI2 groups(0.21 ± 0.07,0.11 ± 0.07) were significantly lower than that of the NI group (all P ＜ 0.01).The ratios of amniotic fluid iodine and serum iodine of the LI and the LI2 groups (0.19 ± 0.15,0.32 ± 0.17) were significantly higher than that of the NI group(0.13 ± 0.05,P ＜ 0.01),but the difference was not statistically significant between HI1 and HI2 groups(0.09 ± 0.03,0.11 ± 0.04) and NI group(all P ＞ 0.05).The ratio of amniotic fluid iodine and serum iodine of the third trimester was significantly higher than that of the second trimester(all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Different iodine intake leads to changes in the levels of maternal iodine metabolism in rats during pregnancy.There probably is a protection mechanism in the mother's body,which protects the mother and the fetal from injury by iodine excess or iodine deficiency.

Objective To observe the effect of different levels of iodine nutrition on rat maternal thyroid function during pregnancy.Methods A total of 225 Wistar rats one month after weaning were involved in the study(female 165,male 60,body mass 80 to 100 g).Female rats were randomly divided into six groups by body mass:control group(NI group),iodine deficiency 1 and 2 groups(LI1,LI2 groups),iodine excess 1 and 2 groups (HI1,HI2 groups),and the control of not pregnant group(NNI group).There were 30 rats in 1-5 groups and 15 rats in group 6.LI1,LI2 groups:low iodine diet + deionized water of no iodine or iodine-containing 5 μg/L; HI1,HI2 groups:normal diet + deionized water of iodine 3000,10 000 μg/L; NI,NNI groups:normal diet + deionized water of iodine-containing 50 μg/L.After 12 weeks,the females(except group 6) mated the male by 2 ∶ 1,and then each pregnant female rat was fed in a single cage.The female mice were sacrificed in the first(5 ± 2)d,the second (12 ± 2)d and the third trimesters of pregnancy (17 ± 2)d,respectively,and there blood samples and thyroid were obtained.Serum total thyroxine(TT4),free thyroxine(FT4),total triiodothyronine (TT3),free triiodothyronine (FT3) and thyroid stimulating hormone(TSH) were determined by radioimmunoassay and serum thyroglobulin(TG) and thyroid-binding globulin (TBG) were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Results ①Thyroid absolute quality and relative quality was compared among groups,and the differences were statistically significant (F =16.55,24.25,F ＜ 0.01 or ＜ 0.05).②At the first,the second and the third trimesters of pregnancy,the differences of maternal serum TT4 and FT4 between groups were statistically significant(F =5.02,13.41,17.39,41.89,23.72,48.64,P ＜ 0.01 or ＜ 0.05).Female rats in NI,HI1 and HI2 groups in different pregnant periods among inner groups were compared,and the differences of serum TT4 and FT4 were statistically significant(F=3.27,6.98,8.22,8.65,29.68,7.90,P ＜ 0.01 or ＜ 0.05).③ In the first and the third trimesters of pregnancy,maternal serum TT3 was compared among groups,and the differences were statistically significant(F=3.59,8.22,P ＜ 0.05 or ＜ 0.01) ; in the second and the third trimesters of pregnancy,maternal serum FT3 was compared among groups,and the difference was statistically significant(F =3.86,4.26,P ＜ 0.05 or ＜ 0.01).Female rats in NI,LI1 and HI1 groups in different pregnant periods among inner groups were compared,and the differences of maternal serum TT3 were statistically significant(F =8.77,7.11,6.28,P ＜ 0.01 or ＜ 0.05).④At the first,the second and the third trimesters of pregnancy,the differences of maternal serum TG and TBG were compared in groups,and the differences were statistically significant(F =5.47,3.62,9.35,4.15,13.16,22.78,P ＜ 0.01 or ＜ 0.05).The differences of maternal serum TG of HI1 group and of serum TBG of NI group in different pregnant periods among inner groups were statistically significant (F =3.18,7.94,P ＜ 0.05).⑤At the first,the second and the third trimesters of pregnancy,the differences of maternal serum TSH in groups were statistically significant(F =4.83,7.08,6.52,P ＜ 0.01); the differences of maternal serum TSH of all the 5 groups in different pregnant periods among inner groups were statistically significant (F =3.26,8.89,11.45,4.04,3.78,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Different levels of iodine nutrition can cause changes in thyroid function in rats maternal thyroid function during pregnancy; serum TT4,FT4 level decreases when iodine deficiency,and increase with iodine excess.Serum TT3,FT3 level of does not changed significantly due to compensatory regulation of the body.

Objective To study the effect of different levels of iodine nutrition on secretion of placental hormone in pregnant rats.Methods Two hundred and twenty five Wistar rats (165 female,60 male),weighing about 80 - 100 g were used in the study.Female rats were randomly divided into five groups according to their body weights:low iodine group Ⅰ(LⅠ),low iodine group Ⅱ (LⅡ),adequate iodine(control) group(Al),high iodine group Ⅰ ( HⅠ ),and high iodine group Ⅱ (H Ⅱ ),and 33 rats in each group.Animals in the low iodine groups were fed low-iodine diet,the iodine content was 13.46 μg/kg,in addition,these rats drank deionized water which containing potassium iodated,the dose was 0 and 5 μg/L,respectively.The rats of adequate and the two high iodine groups were fed normal diet,the iodine content was 22.00 μg/kg,they also drank deionized water,containing potassium iodated 50,3000,and 10000 μg/L,respectively.The rats mated after 3 months of feeding,and were respectively sacrificed at early pregnancy(5 ± 2)d,second trimester( 12 ± 2)d,and third trimester of pregnancy(17 ± 2)d,and then their serum was taken.Serum human chorionic gonadotropin(HCG),human chorionic thyrotropin(HCT),and progesterone were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Results In the third trimester,the serum levels of rat HCG were significantly different between groups(F =4.16,P ＜ 0.05).The means of rats serum HCG of the two low iodine groups [ (16.08 ± 4.45),(17.43 ± 2.70)U/L] were significantly higher compared with that of AI group[ (13.68 ± 3.52)U/L] in the third trimester(all P ＜ 0.01 ).In the second and third trimester,the levels of rats serum HCT were significantly different between groups(F =3.59,3.40,all P ＜ 0.05).The means of rats serum HCT of HI group [(70.11 ± 10.97)μU/L] in the second trimester and HII group[(74.93 ± 13.22)μU/L] in the third trimester were higher than those of AI group[ (57.14 ± 12.56),(58.17 ± 8.54)μU/L] significantly(all P ＜ 0.01 ).There were statistical differences of the means of serum progesterone among trimester of pregnancy(F =4.06,4.43,all P ＜ 0.05).The level of serum progesterone of the third trimester[ ( 1462.80 ± 286.48 )pmoL/L] compared to those of the first[ (1929.93 ± 158.37) pmol/L] and the second trimester[ (1856.44 ± 542.08)pmol/L] was decreased significantly(all P ＜ 0.05) in LI group.In the control group,the level of serum progesterone of the second trimester [ (2046.45 ± 475.67)pmol/L ] was significantly higher than the first trimester[ (1714.39 ± 461.71 )pmol/L,P ＜ 0.05 ].Conclusions During pregnancy,placenta could promote HCG secretion under iodine-deficient conditions.In addition,the placenta increases the secretion of HCT under conditions of excess iodine.In the condition of severe iodine deficiency,the secretion of serum progesterone decreases,and further decreases with prolongation of pregnancy,but it is opposite to the change of HCG during pregnancy.This phenomenon could lead to harmful pregnant outcomes easily.

ObjectiveTo assess the value of passive leg raising (PLR) test in predicting fluid responsiveness in patients with sepsis-induced cardiac dysfunction.Methods A prospective observational cohort study was conducted. Thirty-eight patients under mechanical ventilation suffering from sepsis-induced cardiac dysfunction admitted to Department of Surgical Intensive Care Unit of First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University from September 2013 to July 2014 were enrolled. The patients were studied in four phases: before PLR (semi-recumbent position with the trunk in 45°), PLR (the lower limbs were raised to a 45° angle while the trunk was in a supine position), before volume expansion (VE, return to the semi-recumbent position), and VE with infusing of 250 mL 5% albumin within 30 minutes. Hemodynamic parameters were recorded in every phase. The patients were classified into two groups according to their response to VE: responders (at least a 15% increase in stroke volume,ΔSVVE≥15%), and non-responders. The correlations among all changes in hemodynamic parameters were analyzed by linear correlation analysis, and the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was plotted to assess the value of hemodynamic parameters before and after PLR in predicting fluid responsiveness.Results Of 38 patients, 25 patients were responders, and 13 non-responders. There was no significant difference in the baseline and hemodynamic parameters at semi-recumbent position between the two groups. The changes in SV and cardiac output (CO) after PLR (ΔSVPLR andΔCOPLR) were significantly higher in responders than those of non-responders [ΔSVPLR: (14.7±5.7)%vs. (6.4±5.3)%,t = 4.304,P = 0.000;ΔCOPLR: (11.2±7.5)% vs. (3.4±2.3)%,t = 3.454,P = 0.001], but there was no significant difference in the changes in systolic blood pressure, mean arterial pressure, pulse pressure, and heart rate after PLR (ΔSBPPLR,ΔMAPPLR,ΔPPPLR andΔHRPLR) between two groups.ΔSVVE in responders was significantly higher than that of the non-responders [(20.8±5.5) % vs. (5.0±3.7) %,t = 8.347,P = 0.000]. It was shown by correlation analysis thatΔSVPLR was positively correlated withΔSVVE (r = 0.593,P = 0.000),ΔCOPLR was positively correlated withΔSVVE (r = 0.494,P = 0.002). The area under ROC curve (AUC) ofΔSVPLR≥8.1% for predicting fluid responsiveness was 0.860±0.062 (P = 0.000), with sensitivity of 92.0% and specificity of 70.0%; the AUC ofΔCOPLR≥5.6% for predicting fluid responsiveness was 0.840±0.070 (P = 0.000), with sensitivity of 84.0%and specificity of 76.9%; the AUC ofΔMAPPLR≥6.9% for predicting fluid responsiveness was 0.662±0.089, with sensitivity of 68.0% and specificity of 76.9%; the AUC ofΔSBPPLR≥6.4% for predicting fluid responsiveness was 0.628±0.098, with sensitivity of 76.0% and specificity of 61.5%; the AUC ofΔPPPLR≥6.2% for predicting fluid responsiveness was 0.502±0.094, with sensitivity of 56.0% and specificity of 53.8%; the AUC ofΔHRPLR≥-1.7%for predicting fluid responsiveness was 0.457±0.100, with sensitivity of 56.0% and specificity of 46.2%.Conclusion In patients with sepsis-induced cardiac dysfunction, changes in SV and CO induced by PLR are accurate indices for predicting fluid responsiveness, but the changes in HR, MAP, SBP and PP cannot predict the fluid responsiveness.

The changes of microRNA expression in rat hippocampus after traumatic brain injury (TBI) were explored. Adult SD rats received a single controlled cortical impact injury, and the ipsilateral hippocampus was harvested for the subsequent microarray assay at three time points after TBI: 1st day, 3rd day and 5th day, respectively. We characterized the microRNA expression profile in rat hippocampus using the microRNA microarray analysis, and further verified microarray results of miR-142-3p and miR-221 using quantitative real-time PCR. Totally 205 microRNAs were identified and up-/down-regulated more than 1.5 times. There were significant changes in 17 microRNAs at all three time points post-TBI. The quantitative real-time PCR results of miR-142-3p and miR-221 indicated good consistency with the results of the microarray method. MicroRNAs altered at different time points post-TBI. MiR-142-3p and miR-221 may be used as potentially biological markers for TBI assessment in forensic practice.