Three-parent test tube baby technology is important to solve the mitochondrial genetic disease.Once available,it raises greatly ethical controversy such as breaking traditional family values,hitting the religious belief,existing unknown risks,correctly handling the failed embryo,as well as the influence on the social status of the babies.Regarding these controversy,we can discuss it from several aspects.Because the development of ethics is behind the progress of science and technology,we should affirm the value of three-parent test tube baby technology and balance the development of science and technology with respecting the religious beliefs.Strict supervision system and standard application system reflect our respect for life.Incomprehension to the unknown things should become the motivation of our inquiry.We should face up to our fear of three-parent test tube baby technology,and thus to strengthen research and deepen understanding.Based on the above argument,this paper puts forward the ethical principles that should be followed in the development of three-parent test tube baby technology,namely respect,benefit,no harm and justice.

Acetylation ; Animals ; Humans ; Phosphorylation ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 ; chemistry ; genetics ; metabolism ; physiology

Forty cases of type Ⅱ diabetes mellitus were treated by puncturing point Neiguan (PC 6), and the effect on their cardiac vegetative nerve functions were observed at 20 min, 40 min and 60 min after acupuncture respectively. The findings showed that all heart rate variables improved remarkably at the three time periods after acupuncture treatment, with significant differences (P＜0.01); but there was no significant difference in the curative effects among the three time periods.

Objective: To study the effect of different concentration of plumbum (Pb) stress on antioxidase activity in different organs of Rabdosia Rubescentis Folium (RRF, the aerial parts of Rabdosia rubescens) and their growth, and provide the basis for the growth regulation of R. rubescens under Pb pollution. Methods: Ramets hydroponic test was performed with the concentration of Pb (0, 135, 270, and 540 mg/L) and the stress time (50 d), taking superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), relative growth rate (RGR), biomass, and Pb mass fraction as indexes, the determination of antioxidant enzyme activity was performed with spectrophotometer, and plant's Pb mass fraction of plant with plasma emission spectrometer was carried out. Results: Under Pb stress at different concentration (135-540 mg/L), SOD activity in the leaves and the roots of R. rubescens was increased first and then decreased, but no significant difference on SOD activity in the leaves at each level; POD activity in the leaves under Pb concentration (135-270 mg/L) was no significant difference compared with the control group, but was significantly increased at the concentration of 540 mg/L, while the POD activity in the roots under Pb stress at various concentration was significantly lower than that of the control group which gradually went up after declined; CAT activity in the leaves increased significantly with Pb concentration rising, and the activity in the root decreased gradually with Pb concentration rising. No significant effect on the growth of R. rubescens at low and mid levels of Pb concentration (135 and 270 mg/L), but under high concentration (540 mg/L) of Pb treatment compared with the control group, the biomass and RGR decreased by 33.33% and 46.59%, respectively. Conclusion: The stimulus response is different obviously for antioxidase activities between the leaves and roots of R. rubescens; Through fitting model predictive analysis, the critical Pb concentration is 301.99 mg/L, which decreases RGR by 10% compared with control group (P < 0.01). RRF shows a strong resistance to Pb stress.

OBJECTIVETo study the thin layer chromatographic (TLC) fingerprint of flavonoid constituents from Polygonatum odoratum, to set up the identification protocol of the herbal and provide scientific information for its quality control.

METHODThe ethanol extracts were separated on silica gel G precoated plate with a mixture of toluene-ethylacetate-formic acid (5:4:1) as the mobile phase. The spots were visualized with ammonia vapor, then were examined under ultraviolet light (365 nm). The plate was scanned at wavelengths of lambdaR = 500 nm, lambdaS = 280 nm.

RESULTA fingerprint of flavonoids of P. odoratum, with 10 specific fluorescent spots while examined under ultraviolet light, was set up.

CONCLUSIONThe method can be used for quality control of P. odoratum.

Chromatography, Thin Layer ; methods ; Flavonoids ; analysis ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Polygonatum ; chemistry ; Quality Control ; Rhizome ; chemistry

PURPOSE: There are few studies globally regarding the barriers to restraint-reduction. The purpose of this study was to describe the views of nursing staff (both nurses and geriatric care assistants) regarding the barriers to reducing physical restraint use in Korean nursing homes. METHODS: Forty registered nurse and geriatric care assistant informants participated in the first round of interviews and 16 of them participated in second confirmatory interviews. All interviews were conducted on site, one-on-one and face-to-face, using semi-structured interview protocols. Qualitative descriptive method was used and qualitative content analysis was employed. RESULTS: Six themes were identified: (a) being too busy, (b) lack of resources, (c) beliefs and concerns, (d) lack of education, (e) differences and inconsistencies, and (f) relationship issues. CONCLUSION: The findings of this study provide a valuable basis for developing restraint reduction education programs. Korean national leaders and nursing homes should develop and employ practice guidelines regarding restraints, support nursing staff to follow the guidelines, provide more practical and professional education, employ alternative equipment, use a multidisciplinary team approach, and engage volunteers in care support as well as employ more nursing staff to achieve restraint-free care.
Education, Professional ; Humans ; Nursing Homes ; Nursing Staff ; Qualitative Research ; Restraint, Physical

The methods of 1H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and mass spectroscopy were used in detecting the metabolites of brodimoprim (BDP) in rat plasma. The endogenic compounds in the plasma were removed with solid phase extraction (SPE) column firstly, then the mixture of metabolites was identified with 1H NMR and mass spectroscopy (MS). Two metabolites of BDP in the plasma at 20h were detected, they were demethyl-brodimorpim glucuronide and brodimoprim sulfurate. The study proved that the method of SPE coupled with NMR and MS can be applied to the analysis of metbolites in plasma quickly and conveniently.

Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of Xuebijing injection in treatment of sepsis and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome ( MODS ). Methods A prospective multicenter clinical study was conducted. The patients with sepsis, severe sepsis, or MODS admitted to Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of 70 hospitals across the country during 2006 to 2008 were enrolled. All of the patients received the basis treatment of conventional therapy, plus Xuebijing injection of 50-100 mL, 2-3 times a day for 5-7 days, and the dose might be increased in serious cases. The vital signs, 24-hour urine output, Glasgow coma score ( GCS ), white blood cell count ( WBC ), platelet count ( PLT ), Marshall score, gastrointestinal function score, syndrome of traditional Chinese medicine ( TCM ), blood lactate ( Lac ), blood glucose, serum creatinine ( SCr ), and total bilirubin ( TBil ) were observed before treatment, 1, 3, and 5 days after treatment, and at the end of the treatment. The results of above mentioned parameters after the treatment were compared with that before treatment in each patient. At the same time, the occurrence and the degree of adverse reactions were recorded to evaluate the safety of Xuebijing injection. Results A total of 2 574 patients were enrolled, and in 2 509 cases the treatment was completed in, with a drop of 65 cases. 704 cases were diagnosed to have sepsis, 768 with severe sepsis, and 1 037 with MODS. According to TCM, in 1 951 cases syndrome of stasis-toxin in the interior, and in 558 syndrome of excessive exuberance of heat-toxic in the interior were diagnosed. After the treatment of Xuebijing injection combined with conventional therapy, the temperature, heart rate, respiration rate, blood pressure, WBC, PLT, GCS, 24-hour urine output, blood glucose, Lac, SCr, TBil, Marshall score, gastrointestinal function score, as well as the symptoms, signs and TCM tongue condition and pulse condition, and TCM scores were significantly improved in all patients as well as the patients with sepsis, severe sepsis, or MODS ( P < 0.05 or P < 0.01 ). The effective rate of all patients and the patients with sepsis, severe sepsis, or MODS was 89.20%( 2 238/2 509 ), 92.76%( 653/704 ), 91.54%( 703/768 ), 85.05%( 882/1 037 ), respectively, and the 28-day survival rate was 93.90%( 2 356/2 509 ), 98.01%( 690/704 ), 96.35%( 740/768 ), 89.30%( 926/1 037 ), respectively. In 3 patients with MODS adverse events ( 0.12%) occurred, including 2 cases of stress ulcer and 1 case of Adams-Stokes syndrome. After clinical evaluation, the adverse events were found to be unrelated with the study medication, and Xuebijing injection was continued till the end of treatment. Conclusion Xuebijing injection combined with conventional therapy may effectively ameliorate systemic inflammatory response, protect organ function, alleviate the symptoms, improve organ functions, and elevate the clinical cure rate. Adverse events occur occasionally. Xuebijing injection is found to be safe.

AIM and METHODS: Total RNA was extracted from 6th rat subcultured pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells(PASMC) exposed to continual chronic hypoxia or normoxia and the effects of chronic hypoxia on the changes of Kv1.3,Kv2.1,Kv3.1 mRNA in cultured PASMC induced by acute hypoxia were studied by semiquantitative RT-PCR in vitro. RESULTS:①Kv1.3,Kv2.1,Kv3.1 genes were found to be expressed in PASMC of rats exposed either to hypoxia or normxia.②The expression of Kv2.1 and Kv3.1 in 6th subcultured of PASMC in normaxia group could be upregulated by exposure to acute hypoxia,the levels of Kv2.1 and Kv3.1 mRNA were significantly increased from 0.646?0.092, 0.782?0.104 to 1.059?0.134, 0.985?0.116,respectively (P

The efficacy of ~(131)I treatment of hyperthyroidism in children and adolescents was evaluated. Being unsuitable for medical therapy,31 patients (aged 11-18 years) with hyperthyroidism received ~(131)I treatment with a dose of 0.925-3.33 MBq/g of thyroid and were followed-up for 20 to 76 months.Fifteen patients were euthyroid,5 suffered from late-onset hypothyroidism,and 11 were still hyperthyroid,but their symptoms and signs of hyperthyroidism were markedly improved.Of the 18 patients with thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO),8 patients recovered,4 were improved,TAO in 1 patients deteriorated and in S patients remained unchanged.~(131)I is a relative safe and effective treatment for children and adolescents above 10 years old with hyperthyroidism,being unsuitable for medical therapy.