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Bioethics evolved from traditional medical ethics impinges upon the sanctity of life together with its intrinsic logical fallacy and shows it in stark contrast with the concept of the quality of life,which fallacy has made end-of-life and other critical decisions hard to be materialized.The continuous development and progress of life sciences out of the constraints of old-fashioned and outdated faiths and theological considerations need to further the utilitarian appeals in order to promote both individual and social net gains in beneficence and benefits.Aiming at the Pareto Optimum,the social and individual value systems should be regarded separately,with the latter considered in a closed way,allowing for autonomy or self-determination in the evaluation of intrinsic values.In this manner,related morality and legal systems as necessary and unavoidable vices are expected to be improved and to serve and guide our medical practices.

The RhD antigen is expressed only in human red blood cells (RBC).Its immunogenicity and clinical application are only next to ABO blood group system, and is widely used both for blood typing and prevention of hemolytic disease of the newborn. The traditional anti-Rh(D) is derived by fractionation of plasma from individuals who have been sensitized by pregnancy or transfusion, or have been deliberately immunized to produce anti-Rh(D). Because of the limited source of plasma, researchers began the study of monoclonal and recombinant antibody. Monoclonal and recombinant anti-Rh(D) antibodies may provide alternatives to the current plasma derived polyclonal IgG anti-Rh(D), but up to now,none of them have yet proved effective in humans for prevention of RhD immunity and hemolytic disease of the newborn.

Chronic Disease ; Heart Failure ; drug therapy ; Humans

Based on collecting data at home and abroad, we combined clinical practice of scientific researches. We also summarized key points for design and evaluation of clinical studies in treating children's attention deficit hyperactivity disorder by Chinese medical new drugs from objective and design, selection of diagnostic criteria, recruitment and dropping-out of subjects, effectiveness evaluation, safety evaluation, drug combination, and quality control, and so on. We hope to provide reference for design and evaluation of clinical studies by Chinese medical new drugs.
Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity ; drug therapy ; Biomedical Research ; Child ; Clinical Studies as Topic ; Data Collection ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Humans

The standard treatment mode of locally advanced prostate cancer is still controversial.With the progress of medical technology,treatments of prostate cancer achieve different progresses in surgical treatment,radiotherapy and endocrine therapy.The three treatment modes have diverse tumor growth control rate and survival period,which have different complications and different influences on the quality of life.

Objective To develop a new method to screen the potential microcystin-producing cyanobacteria in natural waters. Methods Cyanobacteria were cultured and waters samples were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction with special primers for gene of the operon mcyD which encodes a microcystin synthetase combining conserved gene 16S rRNA of alga, subsequently, whose microcystins were detected by ELISA. Results There was a unique amplified product of approximately 870 bp in microcystin-producing blue-green alga and water samples, but no target band in non-toxic strains and samples. Conclusion It is feasible to use the molecular biological method used mcyD as the microcystin molecular biomarker to screen microcystin-producing cyanobacteria in natural water.

Objective To investigate the correlation between Epstein-Barrvirus (EBV) and H.pylori (Hp) infection and gastric cancer. Methods The EBV infection was examined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and in situ hybridiza-tion (ISH) in 100 samples of gastric cancer tissue and 82 samples of gastritis tissue. The Hp infection was detected by PCR. The correlation between EBV and Hp infection and clinical and pathological features was analyzed in patients with gastric cancer. Results The positive rates of EBV and Hp were significantly higher in gastric cancer tissues than those in gastritis tissues (9.0%vs 0 and 56.0%vs 40.2%, P＜0.05). There was significantly higher infection rate in EBV in cardia gastric can-cer than that of gastric cancer (16.3%vs 2.0%,P＜0.05). There were significantly higher infection rates in EBV and Hp in poorly differentiated carcinoma than those of well-differentiated carcinoma (15.7%vs 2.0%and 66.7%vs 44.9%, P＜0.05). There were no significant differences in EBV and Hp infection between gender, age, nationality and lymph node metastasis (P>0.05). There was no significant difference in Hp infection between different parts of gastric cancer. There was no correla-tion between EBV and Hp infection in gastric cancer tissues (r=0.137, P>0.05). Conclusion EBV and Hp infection are two independent factors in the development of gastric cancer, and both of them are associated with the malignant evolution of gastric cancer.

0.05).Anastomotic inflammatory reaction occurred in 2 patients(3.2%) in BAR group and 13 patients(20.0%) in manual group.The difference was statistically significant(P

OBJECTIVETo observe the primary prevention role of Wuling Capsule (WC) on poststroke depression (PSD) patients.

METHODSAcute stroke patients were recruited and randomized into 2 groups by stratification, 55 in each group. All patients received same routine treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Patients in the experimental group additionally took WC (0.33 g each pill), 3 pills per day, three times per day; while those in the control group additionally took placebos, 3 pills per day, three times per day. Two weeks consisted of one therapeutic course. The diagnosis of PSD was performed once every other week. Those in accordance with PSD diagnosis discontinued any drug therapy. Those not in accordance with PSD diagnosis continued the drug therapy for 1-12 therapeutic course(s) (in total of 6 months). If they were still not in accordance with PSD diagnosis, then they discontinued the drug therapy. The morbidity of PSD, the average time of depression occurrence, Hamilton depression rating scale (HAMD) score, and adverse reactions were observed.

RESULTSThe 1-, 3-, and 6-month morbidity of PSD was 8%, 16%, and 34% in the experimental group, while they were 19.6%, 29.4%, and 54.9% in the control group. The occurrence rate was lower in the experimental group than in the control group. Besides, there was statistical difference in the 6-month occurrence rate between the two groups (chi2 = 4.465, P < 0.05). The average time of PSD occurrence was longer in the experimental group than in the control group (14.96 +/- 8.31 weeks vs. 9.36 +/- 6.06 weeks; t=6.762, P < 0.05). The HAMD score at the PSD occurrence was 11.96 +/- 2.14 in the experimental group, lower than that of the control group (14.57 +/- 4.24), showing statistical difference (t=5.641, P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONWC was superior to the placebos in lowering the incidence of PSD, delaying the occurrence time of PSD, attenuating the depression degree of PSD, and had certain preventive effect on the incidence of PSD.

Aged ; Capsules ; Depression ; etiology ; prevention & control ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Primary Prevention ; Stroke ; complications