Objective: To prepare and characterize the matrine-loaded poloxamer hydrogels and explore their therapeutic effect on chronic eczema in mice. Methods: The matrine hydrogels were prepared with poloxamer 407 and 188 as matrix. The viscoelasticity of the matrine hydrogels was characterized by rheometer. The ear swelling and weight difference were tested, and the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)and interleukin-6(IL-6)were detected by ELISA method. The histopathological change of mouse ear tissues was examined via HE-staining, and the immunohistochemical examination was performed to detect the protease-activated re-ceptor-2(PAR-2)expression in mouse ear. These assays were performed to investigate the therapeutic effect of matrine hydrogels on chronic eczema in mice. Results: The matrine hydrogels had good fluidity and spreadability, and rapidly formed a transparent, viscous uniform hydrogel at the skin temperature. Compared with the normal group, the ear weight difference and swelling degree were significantly increased(P<0.05)at the 3, 5 and 10 days after the establishment of the chronic eczema model. Compared with the model group, the ear weight difference and swelling degree were reduced significantly in the martrine hydrogel group(P<0.01), and the serum TNF-α and IL-6 level(P<0.01)and the PAR-2 expression in the chronic eczema tissue(P<0.01, P<0.05)were both significantly decreased in the martrine hydrogel group. Conclusion: Martrine hydrogels could inhibit the inflammatory infiltration of dermal layer and the epidermal layer damage caused by chronic eczema, which are expected to be a good topical gel preparation for treating chronic eczema of skin.

Objective: To prepare and characterize armodafinil nanocrystals, and investigate its release in vitro. Methods: Anti-solvent precipitation technology was used to prepare the armodafinil nanocrystals. The formulation and preparation process of the armodafinil nanosuspension were optimized by the orthogonal design experiment with the average particle diameter as the evaluation index. The suspension was prepared into nanocrystals by freeze-drying technology. The particle size and the polydispersity coefficient of the armodafinil nanocrystals were measured. The X-ray powder diffraction method was used to investigate the crystal form transition of the armodafinil. The dissolution behavior of the armodafinil nanocrystals and raw substances was investigated and compared with each other by the slurry method. Results: The prepared amodafinil nanocrystals had a quite uniformly distributed particle size around 100 nm. The nanocrystals appeared to be in irregular form. After amodafinil was made into nanocrystals, the solubility and dissolution were significantly improved. The crystal form of amodafinil significantly changed after nanocrystallization. Conclusion: The preparation of a small and uniformly distributed particle size of amodafinil nanocrystals could significantly improve the dissolution performance of amodafinil, which is beneficial to improving the bioavailability of insoluble drugs.

OBJECTIVETo explore the effects of arecoline on hepatic insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes rats and to elucidate its possible mechanism.

METHODSForty five Wistar rats were fed with high fructose diet for 12 weeks to induce type 2 diabetic rat model. rats were randomly divided into 5 groups (n = 8): control group, model group and model group were treated with different dose (0, 0.5, 1, 5 mg/kg) of arecoline. After 4 weeks, the fasting blood glucose, blood lipid and insulin level measured , mRNA expression of liver constitutive androstane receptor (CAR), pregnane X receptor (PXR), glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase), phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) were detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), the protein expression of p-AKT and glucose transporter4 (GLUT4) were detected by Western blot.

RESULTS1.5 mg/kg arecoline could significantly decrease the level of fasting blood glucose, blood lipid, blood insulin level and liver G6Pase, PEPCK, IL-6, TNF-alpha mRNA level in type 2 diabetes rats. 1.5 mg/kg arecoline also could significantly increase CAR, PXR mRNA level and p-AKT and GLUT4 protein expression.

CONCLUSIONArecoline improved hepatic insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes rats by increasing the mRNA levels of CAR and PXR leading to the creased glucose metabolism and inflammation related genes expression.

Animals ; Arecoline ; pharmacology ; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental ; metabolism ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; metabolism ; Glucose Transporter Type 4 ; metabolism ; Glucose-6-Phosphatase ; metabolism ; Insulin Resistance ; Interleukin-6 ; metabolism ; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; metabolism ; Liver ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Male ; Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase (GTP) ; metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear ; metabolism ; Receptors, Steroid ; metabolism ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; metabolism

To study the mechanism of Shenkangling (SKL), a compound traditional Chinese herbal medicine, combined with prednisone in treating adriamycin-induced nephropathy in rats.

OBJECTIVE To explore the mechanism of ulcerative colitis(UC)treatment by Jianpi-Bushen Fang through pro-moting the differentiation of BMSCs in model rats.METHODS The rats were divided into 5 groups:normal group,model group,BMSCs group,BMSCs intervene group and combine group.BMSCs intervene group and combine group were injected with decoction intervened BMSCs through tail veins in vitro (1×106/mL),the combine group were also given the decoction in oral for 10 d.BMSCs group were injected with BMSCs through tail veins(1×10 6/mL).The normal and model groups were in-jected with 1 mL of normal saline through tail veins.5 rats were killed on 10th day after the intervention,respectively,for specimen.The expression of Lgr5,Ephrin-B3 and E-cadherin were detected with Western blot,and the levels of IL-6,IL-17 and TGF-βwith ELISA assay.RESULTS The expression of Lgr5 and Ephrin-B3 in treatment groups increased(P <0.05), compared with the model group.E-cadherin in treatment groups increased compared with the model group,and the combine group and BMSCs intervene group increased significantly(P <0.05).The levels of IL-6 and IL-17 in combine group and BM-SCs group significantly decreased(P <0.05),while TGF-βincreased(P <0.05).The difference between the combine group and BMSCs group was significant(P <0.05) in Lgr5,Ephrin-B3,E-cadherin,IL-6 and TGF-βexpression.CONCLUSION Jianpi-Bushen Fang can promote the venously transplanted BMSCs proliferation and differentiation into intestinal stem cell, regulate immune function and repair intestinal mucosa,which may be one possible mechanism for UC treatment.

OBJECTIVETo study the content variation of furmarid acid and isofraxidin in Sarcandra glabra from 21 different provenances and provide the basis for resource utilization and quality optimization of S. glabra.

METHODHPLC method was developed to determine the contents of furmarid acid and isofraxidin in 330 samples of S. glabra which were collected respectively from 21 different provenances.

RESULTThere were significant differences in the contents of isofraxidin and furmarid acid in S. glabra from different provenances. The contents of isofraxidin and furmarid acid dropped off from low altitude to high altitude, which were also close with longitude and latitude. The content of isofraxidin in S. glabra at central area of natural distribution was the highest. The different parts of the plant had different results, the influence on the contents of the acitive components in stem were more obvious than the leaf.

CONCLUSIONThis simple, accurate and reproducible method could be use to determine the contents of furmarid acid and isofraxidin in S. glabra. The results represented the status of medicines quality and difference of Chinese S. glabra. These agreed with the traditional views that the medicines quality of Sarcandra glabra in Jiangxi, Fujian, Zhejiang was better. These provenances were considered as important areas of medicines breeding and bases building on S. glabra in future.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Coumarins ; chemistry ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Fumarates ; chemistry ; Magnoliopsida ; chemistry ; Plant Leaves ; chemistry ; Plant Stems ; chemistry ; Reproducibility of Results

Objective To describe and analyze the characteristics and trend of liver cancer,through data gathered from the Cancer Registry System,in China.Methods Annual registration data on cancer incidents and deaths of 2003-2007,from 32 cancer registries were employed.Crude rates of incidence and mortality,and age-standardized rates by the China population (ASRc) and the world population (ASRw) were calculated.Incidence and mortality rates by age,gender,and by area (urban or rural) were analyzed,and comparison was made internationally,based upon data from the GLOBOCAN 2008.Results The total person-years of 2003-2007 observed from the 32 cancer registries were 255 430 909,in which 197 651 428 from the urban areas,and 57 779 481 from the rural areas.A total of 68 146 incident cases with liver cancer were reported,which accounted for 10.03％(ranked second) of all the registered cases with cancers,with the average annual incidence as 26.68per 100 000 (39.42 in males,13.63 in females).ASRc and ASRw were 13.29 per 100 000 and 17.45per 100 000,respectively.Sex ratios for incidence and mortality were 2.89:1 and 2.72:1,respectively.Incidence rates were 23.91 per 100 000 in urban areas,and 36.15 per 100 000 in rural areas.For mortality rates,they were 22.39 per 100 000 m urban areas and 34.05 per 100 000 in rural areas,respectively.Relative greater differences could be seen amongst these registries.The incidence rates were 10.15-33.85 per 100 000 in the urban areas,and 11.83-78.59 per 100 000 in the rural areas.For mortality rates,they were 13.99-28.45 per 100 000 in urban areas,and 11.02-71.99 per 100 000 in rural areas.According to data from the 184 cancer registries through GLOBOCAN 2008,liver cancer incidence in China was ranked the 5th in males,and 6th in females while mortality was ranked 2nd in males,and 5th in females.Conclusion Liver cancer had been the second most leading malignancy,following lung cancer,with annual incidents and death cases around 360 000 and 350 000,respectively and the figures seemed to be increasing.Nationwide monitoring and research programs on liver cancer should be emphasized.

The problems in data collection, data management and data security of healthcare wearable devices were summarized and analyzed with measures proposed for the solution of these problems and for speeding up the sustainable development of healthcare wearable devices from the aspects of technologies, management and laws, such as using multiple data coding technologies, establishing hierarchical data management and control model, adding remote control functions, investigating the responsibility for use of their data, working out law systems for protecting personal healthcare data,beefing up popularization of privacy data protection.

Objective To promote the effective management of population cohort data and to provide the beneficial reference for the cohort data management model in our country. Methods After a description of the German national cohort program with an international impact, its organizational model, data types and data management were sum-marized and analyzed, its research target and plan were outlined, its data collection and processing, integration and storage, quality protection and control were studied. Results Multisource data classification management prohibited the application for data and sharing of data use in tested subjects when they were using the data. Conclusion Data standards should be unified, multisource data classification storage should be implemented, the data analysis should be widened and deepened, the right of tested subjects should be made clear, and the data sharing procedure should be standardized in our country according to the inadequate domestic cohort research and the enlightenments of the German national cohort.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of over expression of miR-34a on cellular proliferation and migration in bladder cancer cell line J82 by targeting Notchl.MethodsmiR-34a was predicted as a putative gene which can target Notchl through bioinformatics analysis,qRT-PCR and Western blot were performed to measure the expression levels of Notchl and miR-34a in invasive transitional cell carcinoma of bladder (TCCB) tissues and J82 cells transfected with miR-34a.Luciferase assay was employed to determine if miR-34a could target Notchl through binding to the 3'-untranslated region (3'UTR) of Notchl mRNA.J82 cells were transfected with pcDNA3.0-miR-34a or pcDNA3.0 control plasmid.MTS colorimetry was used to evaluate the effect of miR-34a on cell proliferation.The effect of miR-34a on cell migration was assessed by transwell migration assay.ResultsThe expression level of miR-34 in invasive TCCB tissues was lower than in adjacent bladder tissues (0.016(0.018) vs 0.042 (0.059),N =16; P =0.0006).On the contrary,the average levels of Notchl mRNA and protein were higher in tumors than in adjacent bladder tissues (2.765(2.156) vs 2.312(1.365),N =16; P =0.0025 and 0.857 ±0.197 vs 0.648 ±0.171 ;P ＜0.0001 ).After the transfection of miR-34a,the expressive level of miR-34a in J82 was highly induced ( (2.408 ±0.789) × 10-4 vs(0.153 ±0.029) × 10-4; P =0.0026).However,the expressive levels of Notchl mRNA and protein were obviously decreased (3.001 ± 0.106 vs 4.998 ± 1.053 ; P =0.0308 and 0.747 ± 0.050 vs 0.988 ± 0.102 ; P =0.0215 ).The results of luciferase assay showed that firefly activity was highly dimished (0.422 ± 0.028 vs 2.392 ± 0.148 ; P ＜ 0.0001 ).Cellular proliferation was inhibited after the transfection of miR-34a in J82 (P ＜ 0.0001 ).Moreover,number of migration cells of J82 was significantly reduced after the ectopic expression of miR-34a ( 179.3 ± 21.02 vs 269.7 ± 23.71 ; P =0.0078 ).ConclusionsmiR-34a inhibits the cellular proliferation and migration of bladder cancer cell line J82 via binding to the 3UTR of Notchl mRNA.