Orange peel was used as lowcost adsorbent in binding of Methylene Blue.The effects of equilibrium time,pH,dye concentration have been studied.Carboxyl,amine and phosphonate functional groups were present in the orange peel.The equilibrium time was 1 hour,the maximum adsorption capacities of the orange peel was 370.3?31.0 mg/g at pH 10.The Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms were well fitted in this biosorption system.Results showed relatively higher rate constant and biosorption capacities.These adsorption performance indicate the orange peel as a potentially economical adsorbent for dye removal.

Objective To evaluate the clinical features and guanosine triphosphate cyclohydrolase 1 (GCH-1) gene mutation in a family with dopa-responsive dystonia (DRD).Methods The clinical features of this family were collected and their peripheral blood samples were screened for mutation in GCH-1 gene using PCR and DNA direct sequencing.Results The clinical features among each patient in this family were different.But all affected family members had quite a good response to levodopa treatment without significant adverse reactions.DNA test showed an AT deletion mutation at point of 631-632 in the 6th exon of GCH-1 gene in 5 affected members and 1 asymptomatic immediate family member.Conclusions Clinical heterogeneity is an important characteristic of DRD and clinical symptoms vary intra-families.Same gene type may cause different phenotype and not all carriers are patients.The deletion mutation at point of 631-632 in the 6th exon of GCH-1 gene should be considered as a pathogenic mutation for DRD.

Objective To probe into the strategies for improving the accessibility to orphan drugs for patients of rare diseases in China. Methods Analysis of typical cases of orphan drug use in recent years in China, interviews of hospital administrators and clinical doctors, and analysis of the present health insurance policies in China for orphan drugs, definition of the concept of drug accessibility, clarification of the factors hindering orphan drug accessibility. Results Four factors are found to hinder orphan drug accessibility in such aspects of science and technology, supply, information transfer and medical assurance in China's medicine and healthcare system. These subjective and objective factors affect drug accessibility of the patients of rare diseases, denying them of drug accessibility, of drug use in time, and of affordability of such drugs. Conclusion To raise the orphan drug accessibility in China, it is necessary to define basic concepts and incentive mechanism of rare diseases and orphan drug, design and raise the response mechanism of the medicine and health system in orphan drug supply, build a three dimensional cooperation model between such parties as the government, enterprise and patient, and reduce patients' economic burdern.

Objective To explore the effects of perinatal exposure to low dose tributyltin (TBT) on development and estrogen level of female offspring KM mice.Methods The CL healthy adult pregnant KM mice were randomly divided into 4 groups,6 in each group,they were given doses of TBT (100,10 and 1 ?g/kg) by gavage from days 6 of gestation to the end of lactation,1 time each day,at a volume of 1 ml/kg.On postnatal day (PND) 49,10 female offspring mice were randomly selected in each group and killed after weighed and the blood was collected.The uterus and ovary were weighed for account of viscera coefficient.The concentrations of estrogen in serum were measured with radioimmunoassay.Results Compared with the control group the time of eye opening was significantly delayed and the vagina opening was significantly ahead in treatment groups (P0.05).The weight of ovary and its coefficient increased significantly in 10 ?g/kg group (P

Background The accurate calculation of intraocular lens (IOL) power is essential for attaining the desired refractive outcome after cataract surgery,especially for patients with high myopia and posterior scleral staphyloma.Objective This study was to evaluate the clinical feasibility of IOL Master compared with contact A-scan in cataract patients with high myopia and posterior scleral staphyloma,then compare the accuracy of different IOL power calculation formulas.Methods This was a prospective case control clinical research.Fourty-one eyes with age-related cataract of 28 patients underwent phacoemulsification with monofocal foldable IOL implantation in Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital were involved,who were all high myopia with posterior scleral staphyloma.Preoperative measurement was measured with IOL Master as well as with contact A-scan and manual keratometry.IOL power was calculated according to the SRK-Ⅱ,SRK-T,Haigis,Hoffer Q,Holladay 1 formulas.The refractive outcome was followed-up 3 months after operation.Results The difference was significant between the 2 methods in axial length (AL) and anterior chamber depth (ACD) measurement (P =0.005,0.000) ; In corneal curvature measurement,there was no significant difference between them (P =0.398).When mean absolute refractive error (MAE) was divided by ±1.00 D,The SRK/T and Haigis formula performed better than other formulas measured by IOL Master;The Holladay 1,Hoffer Q and Haigis formula performed better than other formulas measured by contact A-scan combined with manual keratometry,respectively.Conclusions For cataract patients with high myopia and posterior scleral staphyloma,SRK/T and Haigis formula were recommended when employing IOL Master; whereas when using contact A-scan combined with manual keratometry,we prefer Holladay 1,Hoffer Q or Haigis formula.

Objective To explore the relationship between KCNJ11-E23K polymorphism and essential hypertension (EH) in Kazakh from Xinjiang. Methods PCR-RFLP method was used to test KCNJ11-E23K genotypes of Kazakh from Xinjiang,including 237 EH patients and 221 normotension (NT). Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the risk factors associated with EH. Results The frequencies of KCNJ11-E23K genotype (EE and (EK + KK)) and allele (E and K) were 34.18%, 65.82%, 61.60% and 38.40%respectively in EH group. There was a significant difference between two groups (P < 0.05). Weight and EE genotype were risk factors affecting EH in Kazakh from Xinjiang. Individual who carried EE genotype and allele E were 2.501 and 1.388 times than (EK + KK) and allele K suffered from EH respectively. Conclusion KCNJ11-E23K polymorphism was associated with EH in Kazakh from Xinjiang.

To carry out pathologic diagnoses and whole-genome sequence analyses of the Jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus (JSRV) in Xinjiang, China, we first observed sheep suspected to have the JSRV. Then, the extracted virus suspension was observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Total RNAs from lungs of JSRV-infected sheep were extracted and reverse-transcribed using a cDNA synthesis kit. Six pairs of primers were designed according to the exogenous reference virus strain (AF105220). Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was carried out from JSRV-infected tissue, and the whole genome of the JSRV sequenced. Our results showed: flow of nasal fluid ("wheelbarrow test"); different sizes of adenoma lesions in the lungs; papillary hyperplasia of alveolar epithelial cells; alveolar cavity filled with macrophages; dissolute nuclei in central lesions. TEM revealed JSRV particles with a diameter of 88 nm to 125. 4 nm. The full-length of the viral genome sequence was 7456 bp. BLAST analyses showed nucleotide homology of 96% and 95% compared with that of the representative strain from the USA (AF105220) and UK (AF357971). Nucleotide homology was 89.8% and 89.9% compared with the endogenous Jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus, Inner Mongolia strain (DQ838493) and USA strain (EF680300). The specific pathogenic amino-acid sequence "YXXM" was found in the TM district, similar to the exogenous JSRV: this gene has been reported to be oncogenic. This is the first report of the complete genomic sequence of the exogenous JSRV from Xinjiang, and could lay the foundation for study of the biological characteristics and pathogenic mechanisms of the pulmonary adenomatosis virus in sheep.
Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; China ; Genome, Viral ; Jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus ; classification ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; pathogenicity ; Lung ; pathology ; virology ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phylogeny ; Pulmonary Adenomatosis, Ovine ; pathology ; virology ; Sheep ; Viral Proteins ; chemistry ; genetics ; Virulence

Objective To assess the relationship between pulse wave velocity(PWV) and carotid atherosclerosis by UltraFast imaging.Methods 476 cases from Medical Examination Center of Beijing Friendship Hospital were enrolled in this study.According to intima-media thickness(IMT) of carotid artery,all subjects were divided into two groups:IMT without thickening group (G0) of 283 cases and IMT thickening group (G1) of 193 cases.Through UltraFast imaging,carotid artery PWV was measured,including the PWV at the beginning of the systole(BS) and the PWV at the ending of the systole(ES).Carotid IMT and plaque situation were recorded under gray-scale ultrasound.BS and ES were compared between the two groups.Spearman rank correlation was used to analyse the correlation between IMT of carotid artery and BS,between IMT of carotid artery and ES.Two independent samples t test to compare BS,ES between the two groups.Results BS of G1 and G0 were (6.03 ± 1.33)m/s and (5.51 ± 1.13)m/s,t =-4.571,P =0.000;ES of G1 and G0 were (8.42 ± 2.13)m/s and (7.34 ± 2.02) m/s,t =5.619,P =0.000.BS and ES of G1 were larger those of G0 respectively.BS (r =0.192,P =0.000) and ES (r =0.249,P =0.000) were correlated with the IMT of carotid artery.Conclusions Ultrafast imaging technique can quickly measure the carotid artery PWV.BS and ES of carotid artery can be quick,convenient,safe,noninvasive parameters for evaluating carotid atherosclerosis.

Immobilized penicillin acylase was used for bioconversion of penicillin G into 6-APA in aqueous two-phase systems consisted of a light-sensitive polymer PNBC and a pH-sensitive polymer PADB.Partition coefficients of 6-APA was found to be:about 5.78,in the presence of 1% NaCl.Enzyme kinetic showed that reaction reached equilibrium at 7h or so.The 6-APA mole yields were 85.3%(pH 7.8,and 20 ℃) and this value was about 20%higher than control in reaction of single aqueous phase buffer.Partition coefficient of penicillin G(Na) washardly changeable,while partition coefficient of product,6-APA and phenylacetate acid was significantly changeable.Reason is due to Donnan effect of phase systems andhydrophobicity of products.The change of partition coefficients of products also affects bioconversion yield of products.In the aqueous two-phase systems,substrate,penicillin G,products 6-APA and phenylacetate acid are biased in top phase,while immobilized penicillin acylase is completely partitioned in bottom.Substrate,penicillin G enters into bottom phase,and it is catalyzed into 6-APA and phenylacetate acid,then the products enter into top phase.Finally,inhibition of substrate and products is removed to result in improvement of products yield.Moreover,immobilized enzymehashigher efficiency than immobilized cells and occupy smaller volume.Comparing with free enzyme,immobilized enzymehashigher stability,longer use life,completely partitioned in bottom phase and recycle.Bioconversion in two-phase systems using immobilized penicillin acylase showed outstanding advantage.The light-sensitive copolymer forming aqueous two-phase systems could be recovered by laser radiation at 488 nm or filtrated 450 nm light,while pH-sensitive polymer PADB could be recovered by isoelectric point(pH 4.1).The recovery of the two copolymers was 95%~99%.

13C metabolic flux analysis(13CMFA)have been the research hotspots of metabolic engineering internationally due to its accuracy and applicability.It is vital that the measurement of 13C labelling pattern of proteinogenic amino acids for 13C metabolic flux analysis.To acquire 13C-labelling proteinogenic amino acids,Pseudomonas denitrifican which products Vitamin B12 was firstly fed with mimimal culture medium contained 20% U-13C and 80% natural glucose,after the culture reached a steady state,then about 20 mg biomass was hydrolyzed by 1 ml of 6 mol/L hydrochloric acid for 24h at 110℃.Then amino acids was separated,concentrated,evaporated in a vacuum,and derivatized with MBDSTFA,TBDMS-derivatized amino acids can be observed by GC-MS last we get 13C labelling pattern of fifteen aminio acids through mass spectrum.The experimental methods and sample preparation offers referential value for the development of 13C metabolic flux analysis in our courtry.