AlM: To investigate expressions of matrix metalloproteinase-2 ( MMP-2 ) and extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer ( EMMPRlN) in retinoblastoma (Rb) and the relationships between MMP-2, EMMPRlN and tumor development.METHODS:lmmunohistochemical technique was used to detect expressions of MMP-2 and EMMPRlN in 39 cases of paraffin embedded Rb samples. Quantitative analysis of expressions of MMP-2 and EMMPRlN were assessed by measuring the mean gray scale of Rb tissue with LElCA lM50 Color Pathologic Analysis System. The differences of expressions of MMP-2 and EMMPRlN in each clinical and pathological stage were statistically analyzed, and the same step was also undertaken to study the relationship between Rb with MMP-2 positive expression and that with EMMPRlN positive expression.RESULTS:The positive expression rate of MMP-2 was 90% (Gray value: 109. 64 ± 14. 52; 35/39), and that of EMMPRlN was 85% (Gray value:108. 01±13. 60;33/39). The expressions of MMP - 2 and EMMPRlN were significantly higher in tumors of glaucomatous stage (Gray value:108. 21±11. 47 and 107. 56±14. 32) than those in intraocular stage ( Gray value: 121. 13 ± 11. 32 and 119. 34 ± 12. 66; P<0. 01 and P<0. 05). And the same conclusion can be concluded between those in extraocular stage (Gray value: 91. 03 ± 11. 71 and 92. 26 ± 12. 93) with those in glaucomatous stage (P<0. 01 and P<0. 05). The expressions of MMP-2 and EMMPRlN were significantly higher in tumors with optic nerve invasion (Gray value:103. 89±13. 39 and 105. 23±14. 00) than those without optic nerve invasion ( Gray value: 118. 39 ± 15. 11 and 117. 53±16. 13) (P<0. 01 and P<0. 05).CONCLUSlON:The positive expression levels of MMP-2 and EMMPRlN may correlate with tumor infiltration and metastasis.

DNA Fingerprinting ; DNA, Mitochondrial ; Homicide ; Humans ; Mitochondria

Objective: To systematically review the safety and efifciency for dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) ≤ 6 months and DAPT ≥ 12 months in patients after drug eluting stent (DES) implantation. Methods: We collected the data for randomized clinical trials for DAPT ≤ 6 months and DAPT ≥ 12 months in patients after DES implantation up to 2015-01 by searching the literatures of PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Scopus and Chinese literature database, and meanwhile collected the relevant reporting cases from both domestic and international cardiovascular conferences for this study. There were 2 investigators independently conducted the literature screening, data extraction and quality evaluation, Meta analysis was performed with STATA 12.0 software. Results: A total of 15,378 patients from 7 eligible studies were enrolled and the patients were divided into 2 groups: DAPT ≤ 6 months group,n=7672 and DAPT ≥ 12 months group,n=7706. Meta analysis indicated that DAPT ≤ 6 months could effectively reduce the major bleeding (OR=0.58, 95% CI 0.37-0.91,P=0.017). While the other incidences between 2 groups were similar as all cause death (OR=0.90, 95% CI 0.73-1.11,P=0.314), cardiac death (OR=0.93, 95% CI 0.70-1.24,P=0.617), myocardial infarction (OR=1.13, 95% CI 0.91-1.41,P=0.275), in stent thrombosis (OR=1.21, 95% CI 0.79-1.85,P=0.382) and cerebrovascular accidents (OR=1.00, 95% CI 0.66-1.51,P=1.000). Conclusion: The incidence rates of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events are similar in patients with DAPT ≤ 6 months and DAPT ≥ 12 months after DES implantation. DAPT ≤ 6 month had the lower risk of bleeding, which is rather suitable for the patients received new generation of DES, with higher risk of bleeding, lower risk of thrombosis and with poor compliance to medication; however, the large and randomized clinical trials are needed to make ifnal conclusion.

OBJECTIVETo compare the tubulogenesis capability of malignant glioma-derived microvessel endothelial cells (GDMEC) from human brain with that of ECV304 cells in a three dimentional model and to explore the significance of GDMEC in the study on angiogenesis.

METHODSThe GDMEC were isolated from malignant gliomas of human brain and purified by selective binding to the monoclonal antibody against CD105 bound to the magnetic MACS MicroBeads. GDMEC and endothelial-like cell line ECV304 were compared with their capabilities of formatting tubule-like structure (TLS) in the three dimentional collagen matrix, with or without inducement by various concentration of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF).

RESULTSThe obtained GDMEC had a high purification (98%) and could be successfully cultured in vitro. GDMECs formed more TLS than ECV304 cells of the same number and at the same time points. VEGF could induce rapid formation of TLS in a dose-dependent manner, however, ECV304 cells were less response to VEGF stimulation.

CONCLUSIONSGDMEC could maintain their endothelial characteristics and potential capability of angiogenesis. They were more response to VEGF than ECV304, therefore, more suitable for in vitro studies on tumor angiogenesis.

Brain Neoplasms ; blood supply ; Cells, Cultured ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Endothelial Cells ; drug effects ; Endothelium, Vascular ; cytology ; Glioma ; blood supply ; Humans ; Immunomagnetic Separation ; Microcirculation ; pathology ; Neovascularization, Pathologic ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology

Objective To explore the value of Multi-detector CT in spinal cord angiography. Methods Ten patients with initial MR and clinical findings suggestive of spinal cord vessel disease were performed CT spinal cord angiography.Among these,7 patients were performed DSA later within 1 week, and 4 patients were therapy by operation.CT protocol:Toshiba Aquilion 64 slice CT scanner,0.5 mm thickness,0.5/r,120 kV,350 mA,choose aortic arch level as inspection position,and use"surestart" technique with CT threshold 180 HU.Contrast medium was Iohexol(370 mg I/ml),with injection velocity of 6 ml/s.The total volume was 80 ml.The CT spinal cord angiography images were analyzed according to disease model,disease range,feeding artery,fistula,draining veins,and were compared with DSA and operation results.Results All CT spinal cord angiography images displayed spinal vessel malformation. Among these,3 patients were inner-medullary arteriovenous malformation;2 patients were peri-medullary arteriovenous fistula;5 patients were spinal dural arteriovenous fistula.All cases showed disease range,and draining veins clearly,one patient had two vessels that were false positive,and all the other cases showed feeding arteries clearly,which were confirmed by DSA.Conclusion There are great values for CT spinal angiography in diagnosing spinal vessel disease,it can be a screening exam before DSA.

Objective:To investigate the clinical effect of magnetic stimulation combined with moxibustion on mild to moderate overactive bladder(OAB)and sexual function in women.Methods:We enrolled 80 female patients with mild to moderate OAB in this study and equally randomized them into a control and an experimental group,the former treated by magnetic stimulation and the latter by magnetic stimulation combined with moxibustion,both for 8 weeks.We obtained from the patients their OAB syndrome scores(OABSS),72-hour urination diary(72-h UD)scores,International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire-Overactive Bladder(ICIQ-OAB)scores and female sexual function indexes(FSFI),and compared them between the two groups before and after interven-tion.Results:A total of 77 patients completed the study,37 in the control and 40 in the experimental group.There were no statisti-cally significant differences in the baseline data between the two groups(P＞0.05).Compared with the baseline,the experimental group showed significant improvement after treatment in the OABSS(7.54±1.12 vs 4.46±0.96),72-h urine volume([126.40±46.04]vs[216.63±38.26]ml),urination frequency(15.55±3.21 vs 8.03±1.40),ICIQ-OAB score(10.25±1.15 vs 6.32±1.07)and FSFI(20.00±12.40 vs 33.30±21.00)(all P＜0.05),even more significantly than in the control group(OABSS:4.46±0.96 vs 5.59±0.90;72-h urine volume:[216.63±38.26]vs[173.41±15.55]ml;urination frequency:8.03±1.40 vs 9.90±1.49;ICIQ-OAB score:6.32±1.07 vs 7.89±0.77;FSFI:33.30±21.00 vs 30.40±10.40)(all P＜0.01).Conclu-sion:Magnetic stimulation combined with moxibustion can improve the symptoms of mild to moderate overactive bladder and improve sexual function in females.

OBJECTIVETo study the chemical constituents in the stems of Schisandra propinqua and evaluate their effects on proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) in vitro by MTT assay.

METHODThe compounds were isolated and purified by various column chromatographic techniques and their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectral analysis (ESI-MS, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR).

RESULTFive compounds were isolated and identified as galgravin (1), veraguensin (2), octadecanoic acid 2, 3-dihydroxypropyl ester (3), hexadecanoic acid 2, 3-dihydroxypropy ester (4), tetracosanoic acid 2, 3-dihydroxypropyl ester (5).

CONCLUSIONAll the compounds were isolated for the first time from the plant. 1, 2, 5 showed inhibiting effects on vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMCs) proliferation in vitro.

Furans ; chemistry ; Lignans ; chemistry ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Plant Stems ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Schisandra ; chemistry ; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization

BACKGROUNDCompared to the Western countries, Chinese patients present a special primary disease spectrum, diverse valvular pathogenesis, and different postoperational anticoagulation strategy. This research aimed to evaluate the mid- to long-term clinical performance of Hancock II bioprosthesis in the Chinese population.

METHODSThis study retrospectively reviewed all patients who received surgical treatments with at least one Hancock II bioprosthesis implantation from January 2004 to December 2013 at a single center in China. Totally 647 patients were included in the clinical evaluation, and 629 patients were successfully discharge, among whom 605 patients were completely followed-up. The follow-up rate was 96.2%. The mean and median follow-up time was 62.0 ± 59.0 and 56.0 months, respectively. Postoperative outcomes of survival rates, reoperations and valve related morbidities were assessed. Continuous and categorical variables were compared using the t -test and Chi-square test, respectively. Survival and freedom from adverse events were calculated by using a Kaplan-Meier method.

RESULTSThe overall in-hospital mortality was 2.8% (18/647) while there were 34 deaths (5.6%, 34/605) in the follow-up stage after discharge. The overall survival rate was 94.6% and 82.7% at 5 years and 10 years, respectively. The cumulative survival rate of 10 years was 82.8% in AVR group, 84.4% in MVR group, and 78.4% in DVR group. The overall rate of freedom from reoperations was 95.5% at 5 years and 86.8% at 10 years. The freedom from reoperation at 10 years was 87.0%, 88.1%, and 84.0% in AVR, MVR, and DVR group, respectively. The freedom from morbidities at 10 years was: 90.3% for thromboembolism, 95.2% for hemorrhage, 97.5% for prosthesis endocarditis, 95.9% for paravalvular leak, and 94.6% for structural valve deterioration, respectively.

CONCLUSIONSHancock II bioprosthesis exhibited a satisfactory mid- to long-term durability and promising clinical performance in the Chinese population. The occurrence rates of death and other adverse events in this single-center study were overall coincident and quite acceptable when compared with existing data.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Aortic Valve ; surgery ; Bioprosthesis ; adverse effects ; China ; Female ; Heart Valve Diseases ; surgery ; Heart Valve Prosthesis ; adverse effects ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Survival Rate

OBJECTIVETo provide reliable evidence of "J in three-needle therapy" for treatment of stroke.

METHODSMulti-central randomized controlled trials were adopted, 180 hemiplegia patients of ischemic stroke were randomly divided into a fin three-needle group (90 cases) and a routine acupuncture group (90 cases). Two groups were both treated with basic neurology therapies, and J in three-needle group was treated with J in three-needle therapy, three acupoints of tempora, hand and foot etc. were selected; the routine acupuncture group was treated with traditional acupuncture, Quchi (LI 11), Huantiao (GB 30), Futu (ST 32) etc. were selected. Both groups were treated with acupuncture for 5 weeks. The cognitive function score of functional comprehensive assessment scale (FCA), the scores of mini-mental state examination scale (MMSE) and modified Barthel index (BI) were compared before and after treatment between two groups. Results After treatment, the scores of FCA, MMSE and BI in both groups were significantly improved compared to those before treatment (P < 0.01, P < 0.05); the improvement of FCA score, MMSE score and BI score in the J in three-needle group were superior to those of the routine acupuncture group after treatment (P < 0.01, P < 0.05). The total effective rate of 85.4% in the J in three-needle group was superior to tohat of 70.0% in the routine acupuncture group (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONJ in three-needle acupuncture treatment can obviously improve the cognitive function and activity ability of daily life of hemiplegia patients after stroke, and the therapeutic effect of J in three-needle therapy is superior to that of traditional acupuncture treatment.

Activities of Daily Living ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Adult ; Aged ; Cognition ; Female ; Hemiplegia ; etiology ; psychology ; rehabilitation ; therapy ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Stroke ; complications

OBJECTIVETo verify the clinical efficacy on the function recovery of lower extremities for patients with cerebral apoplexy by the staging treatment with the combined therapy of the scalp and body acupuncture.

METHODSNinty-six cases were randomized into an observation group and a control group, 48 cases in each one. The conventional medication and rehabilitation therapy were given in each group. In the observation group, the combined therapy of the scalp acupuncture and the body acupuncture was provided by stages. At the flaccid stage, Futu (ST 32), Xuehai (SP 10), Zusanli (ST 36), etc. were selected. At the spasmodic stage, Huantiao (GB 30), Xuehai (SP 10), Yanglingquan (GB 34), etc. were selected. In combination with the scalp acupuncture the anterior oblique line of vertex-temploral (motor area) on the affected side was selected. In the control group, the acupoints were not selected according to the disease stages and no scalp acupuncture was applied, and the cases were treated with the needling technique as "regaining consciousness" and in light of the principle as "Yangming meridians specialized for Wei syndrome". The treatment lasted continuously for 8 weeks. The modified Fugl-Meyer motor function assessment (FMA) and Barthel index (BI) were used to assess the motor function of the lower extremities and the activities of daily living before and after treatment for the patients in two groups separately.

RESULTSFMA and BI score were all improved apparently after treatment for the patients in two groups (all P < 0.05), and FMA and BI score after treatment in the observation group were all higher than those in the control group (both P < 0.05). In 8 weeks treatment, the walking ability rate in the observation group was higher than that in the control group [56.3% (27/48) vs 35./4% (17/48), P < 0.05]. The walking speed in the observation group was faster than that in the control group (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe combined therapy of the scalp and body acupuncture in the staging treatment improves obviously the motor function of the lower extremities and the activities of daily living for the patients with cerebral apoplexy. This therapy recovers as quickly as possible the walking ability and speed for the patients, which is superior to the conventional acupuncture in comparison.

Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Foot ; physiopathology ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Movement ; Stroke ; physiopathology ; therapy