OBJECTIVE: To study the morphological characteristics of femurs of adult human and 11 kinds of adult animals from cattle, horses, pigs, goats, sheep, dogs, cats, rabbits, geese, ducks, chickens, and to establish an effective species identification method among various species. METHODS: The 4 cm mid-diaphyseal segment of the femur from adult human (older than 20 years old) at autopsy was obtained. Addi-tionally, the 4 cm ones from 11 kinds of adult animals were obtained. After decalcification, all femurs were made into slices, and then were observed by optical microscope. The 25 indexes were selected and analyzed by step discriminant analysis according to differences between human and mammal, human and poultry, and human and 11 kinds of animals. RESULTS: The histological structure of bone mineral density of middle part of femur had obvious characteristics among the species. And the morphology and number of osteon showed the trend of obvious biological evolution. There were 11 indexes with significant differences between human and 11 kinds of animals to establish some mathematical models to discriminate all species. The correct discrimination rate was 96.3% between human and mammal. The correct discrimination rate was up to 100% between human and poultry, and was 89.4% among human, mammal and poultry. CONCLUSION The mathematical models have good correct discrimination rate among human and the other animals, which could be applied in the practical species identification cases.
Adult ; Animals ; Autopsy ; Bone Density ; Cadaver ; Cats ; Cattle ; Chickens ; Discriminant Analysis ; Dogs ; Femur/ultrastructure* ; Forensic Anthropology ; Haversian System/ultrastructure* ; Horses ; Humans ; Sheep ; Species Specificity ; Swine

OBJECTIVE: The study was carried out on time limit of ACP and sperm positive-detected in mixed spot. METHODS: 600 vaginal swabs from living body after sexual intercourse were tested by routine and three-blindness methods. RESULTS: The longest time limit of ACP which was positively detected is 255 h, average time limit is 52 h, 41.3% of those samples was ACP-detected in positive degree (++). The longest time limit of sperm positively detected is 132 h, average time limit is 29 h. The number of sperms observed in 34.3% of those samples with positive result, is from 6 to 10/HP. CONCLUSION This study is helpful to forensic identification of sex cases.
Acid Phosphatase/analysis* ; Coitus ; Female ; Forensic Medicine ; Humans ; Male ; Spermatozoa ; Time Factors ; Vaginal Smears

Objective To observe the travel,divisions,and the lengths,diameters,branches,artery supplies of the main segments of maxillary nerve.Methods Fifty formalin-preserved adult half-head specimens with intravascular injection of red color emulsion were used for the gross and microanatomical studies of maxillary nerve.The lengths,diameters,branches and artery supplies of four main segments of maxillary nerve were observed.SPSS 11.5 software was used to analyze the data.Results The length and diameter of cranial middle fossa segment of maxillary nerve were ( 10.70 ± 1.31 ) mm and (4.01 ± 0.52 )mm respectively,which was supplied by inferior-lateral cavernous sinus artery.The length and diameter of pterygopalatine fossa segment were (16.21 ± 1.80) mm and (3.27 ±0.62) mm respectively,in which one zygomatic branch, one to three posterior superior alveolar nerves, two ganglion branches and tuberal descending branches; were given off,and the segment was supplied by foramen rotundum artery.The length and diameter of infraorbital segment were ( 25.73 ± 2.03 ) mm and ( 3.30 ± 0.52 ) mm and it gave off middle superior alveolar nerve (64％) and anterior superior alveolar nerve and was supplied by infraorbital artery.Facial segment gave off superior labial branches,internal and external nasal branches,inferior palpebral branches,buccal branch and zygomatic branch and these branches were supplied by infraorbital artery and superior labial and angular artery originating from facial artery.Conclusions Understanding of travel and artery supply of maxillary nerve is helpful to regional anaesthesia and surgery for maxillary nerve.Foramen rotundum,sphenopalatine foramen and infraorbital nerve are important marks for endoscopic surgery in pterygopalatine fossa.

OBJECTIVETo develop an HPLC method for determination of the four effective components (genistin; rutin; quercetin; genistein) in Huaijiao pill.

METHODThe chromatographic separation was performed on a Shim-packODS (4.6 mm x 150 mm, 5.0 microm) eluted with a mobile phase of MeOH-H2O-HAc (40:60:0.25). The detection wavelength was set at 256 nm and column temperature was set at 30 degrees C .

RESULTNice linear relation between the peak area and injected amount exists when the amount is within 0.059-0.352 microg for genistin, within 0.435-2.610 microg for rutin, within 0.020-0.121 microg for quercetin and within 0.053-0.319 microg for genistein. The correlation coefficient of each component is 0.999 6, 0.998 2, 0.998 9 and 0.999 9 respectively. The average recoveries of the four components are from 98.7% to 100.2%. The RSD of each group are 1.21%, 1.36%, 0.47% and 1.54% (n = 5).

CONCLUSIONThe method was accurate, repeatable and suitable to determine four effective components in Huaijiao pill. It can be use for quality control of Huaijiao pill.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Drug Combinations ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Genistein ; analysis ; Isoflavones ; analysis ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Quercetin ; analysis ; Reproducibility of Results ; Rutin ; analysis ; Sophora ; chemistry

BACKGROUNDThe Taq/B, Msp/ and I405V polymorphisms of cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP), an important regulatory factor of lipid metabolism, have been attracted much more attention by the researchers. In this study, we investigated the associations between these 3 polymorphisms of CETP gene and variations in plasma lipid and lipoprotein levels in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD).

METHODSGenomic DNA was extracted from leukocytes of 203 CHD patients and 100 control subjects using the salting out method. Genotyping of the CETP gene was performed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) techniques. Statistical analysis was conducted using the SPSS 10.0 software package.

RESULTSThe distribution of allele and genotype frequencies of the Taq/B, MspI, and I405V polymorphisms was similar in the CHD patient group and the control group. The B1B1 genotype of the Taq/B polymorphism was associated with significantly higher TC (P=0.039) and LDL-C (P=0.044) levels than the B2B2 genotype in CHD patients, and with significantly higher LDL-C (P=0.034) levels than the B2B2 genotype in controls. Homozygotes of the I405V polymorphism exhibited significantly higher HDL-C levels than VV homozygotes among control subjects (P=0.023). In male CHD patients with unambiguously assigned haplotypes, B2-M2-V/B2-M2-I patients demonstrated significantly higher HDL-C concentrations than B1-M2-V/B1-M2-I (P=0.023) and B1-M2-V/B1-M2-V patients (P=0.047).

CONCLUSIONSGenetic variations in the CETP gene may account for a significant proportion of the differences in plasma lipid and lipoprotein concentrations among the general population. The B1B1 genotype of the Taq/B polymorphism is probably a genetic risk factor for CHD in the study population.

Adult ; Aged ; Carrier Proteins ; genetics ; Cholesterol Ester Transfer Proteins ; Cholesterol, HDL ; blood ; Cholesterol, LDL ; blood ; Coronary Disease ; blood ; genetics ; Female ; Gene Frequency ; Glycoproteins ; genetics ; Humans ; Lipids ; blood ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Polymorphism, Genetic

OBJECTIVETo investigate the bacterial flora and their drug resistance in hospitalized burn patients on tropical islands.

METHODSRetrospective study was carried out to analyze pathogenic microorganisms and their drug resistance characteristics in 392 burn patients hospitalized during 2000-2005.

RESULTS(1) Totally 671 strains of bacteria were isolated, among which Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Aerobacter cloacae and Acinetobacter species were predominant, but the isolation rate of Pseudomonas aeruginosa was declining compared with that in 1990's. (2) The resistance rate of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to imipenem and cefepime was 32.2% and 36.7% , respectively, while that to other antibiotics was above 80%. (3) Among 141 strains of Staphylococcus aureus, 89 strains (63.1%) of MRSA were isolated, and none of them were resistant to Vancomycin.

CONCLUSIONPseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Aerobacter cloacae and Acinetobacter species were predominant in tropical islands. The species of the pathogens are changing . The drug resistance rates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus are rather high.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; pharmacology ; Burns ; drug therapy ; microbiology ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Drug Resistance, Bacterial ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Middle Aged ; Pseudomonas aeruginosa ; drug effects ; isolation & purification ; Retrospective Studies ; Staphylococcus aureus ; drug effects ; isolation & purification ; Tropical Climate ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo sum up the clinical experience in the reparation of burn wounds with different types of skin flaps in patients with severe electrical injury.

METHODSFree skin flap, axile island flap with vascular pedicle and muscular skin flap were employed to repair 64 wounds in 49 cases.

RESULTSSkin flap necrosis happened in 2 cases, congestion and necrosis at the edge of skin flaps in 4 cases, and complete survival of the skin flaps and primary healing of the wounds in the remaining cases.

CONCLUSIONReparation of wounds with proper skin flaps according to the degree of the electrical injury is effective and reliable, which might be beneficial to the prevention of necrobiosis and the infection in deep tissue.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Burns, Electric ; surgery ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Surgical Flaps

OBJECTIVETo review the long-term clinical effect of composite transplantation of allogeneic acellular dermal matrix (ADM) and split thickness skin autograft (STSG).

METHODSNineteen patients with 34 wounds transplanted with allogeneic ADM combined with STSG who were hospitalized from March 2001 to October 2008 were enrolled as composite transplantation group (CT). Another 9 patients with 11 wounds transplanted with STSG admitted within the same time frame were enrolled as control group (C). All patients were followed up for longer than 2 years. Color, evenness, texture, contracture, sensation, and complications of transplanted skin were assessed using a modified Manchester Scar Scale (1-4 scores, the higher the score, the poorer the situation). The scar formation on skin donor sites was assessed by the Vancouver Scar Scale. Patients' degree of satisfaction and health status during the transplantation period were investigated in the form of questionnaire. The skin tissue structure of 4 patients was observed with histological method. The joint range of motion was assessed by the neutral position before and after operation and at follow-up. Data were processed with nonparametric test, chi-square test or t test.

RESULTS(1) The evenness, contracture, and texture of transplanted skin in CT group scored (1.6 ± 0.5), (1.8 ± 0.8), and (1.5 ± 0.8), respectively, which were significantly lower than those in C group [(2.0 ± 0.7), (2.2 ± 0.9), and (2.3 ± 0.7), with Z value respectively -2.058, -2.220, -2.323, P values all below 0.05]. Scores of color, sensation, and complications of transplanted skin in two groups were close to each other (with Z value respectively -0.628, -0.428, -2.520, P values all above 0.05). (2) Mild scar formation was observed in one of the skin donor sites in CT group. (3) Information as obtained from questionnaire showed no statistical difference between two groups in pinching, itching, and satisfaction degree (with χ(2) value respectively 0.187, 0.019, 2.628, P values all above 0.05). (4) Nerve fibers were seen in hand tissue 2 years after operation. ADM did not induce severe inflammatory responses in the site of grafting. (5) Eleven joints in CT group recovered or improved in function; while the other two joints required secondary surgery. Obvious contracture was observed in the two joints in C group.

CONCLUSIONSAllogeneic ADM combined with STSG transplantation prevents scar contracture and has obvious effect in improving function and appearance. There is no problem in regard to safety for its existence in either adult or children.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Burns ; surgery ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Dermis ; transplantation ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Skin Transplantation ; methods ; Skin, Artificial ; Time ; Transplantation, Autologous ; Transplantation, Homologous ; Young Adult

A GeXP based multiplex PCR assay was developed to simultaneously detect six different chicken respiratory viruses including H5, H7, H9 subtypes of avian influenza virus(AIV), new castle disease virus (NDV), infectious bronchitis virus(IBV) and infectious laryngotracheitis virus(ILTV). According to the conserved sequences of genes of each pathogen, seven pairs of specific primers were designed, and the reaction conditions were optimized. The specificity and accuracy of GeXP were examined using samples of single and mixed infections of virus. The sensitivity was evaluated by performing the assay on serial 10-fold dilutions of cloned plasmids. To further evaluate the reliability, thirty-four clinical samples were detected by GeXP. The corresponding specific fragments of genes were amplified. The detection limit of GeXP was 10(2) copies/microL when all of 7 pre-mixed plasmids containing target genes of six chicken respiratory viruses were present. In the detection of thirty-four clinical samples, the results of GeXP were accorded with the viral isolation completely. In conclusion, this GeXP assay is a rapid, specific, sensitive and high-throughput method for the detection of chicken respiratory virus infections. It can be applied in rapid differential diagnosis for clinical samples, and also provide an effective tool to prevent and control chicken respiratory diseases with similar clinical symptoms.
Animals ; Chickens ; Influenza A virus ; classification ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; physiology ; Influenza in Birds ; diagnosis ; virology ; Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction ; methods ; Poultry Diseases ; diagnosis ; virology ; Respiratory Tract Infections ; diagnosis ; veterinary ; virology

OBJECTIVETo present the clinical application of composite graft of acellular allo-dermis matrix (ADM) with thin auto-microskin on burn wound.

METHODS8 inpatients with 18 full thickness skin burn wounds were transplanted with allo-ADM after eschar was excised, then the auto-microskin and allo-human skin were covered on the area of the matrix, the wound where no allo-ADM grafting were covered as control groups only with auto-microskin and allo-human skin. The area of donor to wound is 1:5 - 1:8.

RESULTSSurvived rate of 18 pieces composite skin that allo-ADM with auto-microskin were grafted were 94%. After following up for 3 to 13 months, the skins of complex grifting had well elastic and smooth texture compared to auto-microskin grafted, they appeared less cicatrisation and ulceration. 3 months after operation, it was indicated by histological examination that tightknit the epithelial-dermal conjunction and epidermal papilla structure could be identified in the allo-ADM skin and there were orderly collagenous fibres, but scar skin structure was observed in that auto-microskin grifted area.

CONCLUSIONThe graft effectiveness of allo-ADM and auto-microskin was better than that of auto-microskin, and this method could be used on major deep burn wound healing.

Adult ; Burns ; surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Skin Transplantation ; methods ; Tissue Donors ; Transplantation, Autologous ; Transplantation, Homologous ; Treatment Outcome