Objective To discuss the effects of relying on social groups,membership and health education on the quality of life in patients with type 2 diabetes.Methods 110 patients with type 2 diabetes as social group members were randomly selected as the intervention group,meanwhile,113 cases of nonsocial group members were set as the control group.Quality of Life Scale(SF-36) was adopted to assess the survival quality.All patients were given follow-up after six months to score again.Results There was no significant difference in each dimension score between the two groups before the intervention.After six months follow-up,the control group in each dimension score showed no obvious difference compared with half a year ago.While in the intervention group,the difference was statistically significant in dimension of general health,vitality,emotional functions,mental health and social function compared with half a year ago.Conclusions The quality of life in patients with type 2 diabetes can be improved by the establishment of social organizations and health education.

AlM: To study an approach to visual acuity correction after intracapsular cataract extraction by phase - ll intraocular lens implantation through the individualized arcuate keratotomy.
METHODS: For demonstration, 48 postoperative patients ( 50 eyes ) receiving the intracapsular cataract extraction were gathered up. Each patient received a scleral tunnel major incision along the radial line of the maximum corneal refractive power determined by a cornea curvimeter, and a arcuate keratotomy was made opposite to the major one; through the major incision an iris-claw intraocular lens is implanted. Each patient was measured for their corneal astigmatism and uncorrected visual acuity before and after the surgery.
RESULTS: The results suggested the average corneal astigmatism before the surgery and that 3d, 1, 3, 6 and 12mo after the surgery as+3. 18±0. 68,-1. 56±0. 73,+0. 87± 0. 51, + 1. 21 ± 0. 70, + 1. 33 ± 0. 68 and + 1. 48 ± 0. 48 respectively. The uncorrected visual acuities 3d, 1, 3, 6 and 12mo after the surgery are 0. 5±0. 38, 0. 56±0. 23, 0. 55± 0. 24, 0. 52±0. 28 and 0. 51±0. 25 respectively.
CONCLUSlON: Phase-ll intraocular lens implantation witharcuate keratotomy is helpful to improve the postoperative visual acuity and reduce preoperative corneal astigmatism after the intracapsular cataract extraction aphakic eyes, lt is also a low-cost surgery, and easy to perform, with minor surgical injuries, particularly available for surgical visual acuity correction of the aphakic eye receiving intracapsular cataract extraction.

Objective To evaluate the preliminary outcome of stable vitiligo treatment with ReCell(R )technique.Methods Six patients with stable vitiligo were treated with ReCell(R ) technique.In each patient,a thin razor-thickness cutaneous biopsy was harvested from uninvolved area near the vitiligo patches.It was then processed through the ReCell(R ) system and 1 ml autologous epidermal cell suspension was obtained.The lesion area was dermabraded using a diamond fraise wheel to the dermoepidermal junction.The cell suspension was then sprayed on the wound and covered with non-adhering dressings.Results The patients were followed up for 6 months.5 patients presented with repigmentaion in the treated area.There was no significant response in one patient who was diagnosed as systematic vitiligo.Conclusions The ReCell(R ) technique is an alternative treatment for stable vitiligo patients.The clinical outcome will be satisfactory when appropriate patients are selected.

Background Ultraviolet irradiation promotes cellular apoptosis by affecting the mitochondrial transmembrane potential,including human lens epithelial cells (LECs).Gene associated with retinoid-interferoninduced mortality-19 (GRIM-19),a cell death regulatory protein,is essential for the assembly and function of mitochondrial complex Ⅰ.However,whether LECs apoptosis induced by ultraviolet irradiation is related to GRIM-19 is still unclear.Objective The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the apoptosis of human LECs caused by ultraviolet with GRIM-19 expression in vitro.Methods Human LEC line(SRA01/04)was cultured in α-MEM containing 10％ fetal bovine serum.The cells were exposed to ultraviolet ray at doses of 0,30,60,90,120 or 150 mJ/cm2 when cell growth reached the logarithmic phase and 80％ confluency.The rate of apoptosis of the cells was assayed using flow cytometry,and the level of expression and relative amount of GRIM-19 protein (GRIM-19/β-actin) were detected by Western blot.The relationship between apoptosis and the GRIM-19/β-actin value among the different treatment groups was compared using One-way ANOVA,and the correlation of LECs apoptosis rate and GRIM-19 expression level was assessed by Pearson linear analysis.Results A significant difference was found in the apoptosis rate among the different treatment groups(F=149.32,P＜0.01).Compared with the 0 mJ/cm2 ultraviolet irradiation group,the apoptosis rate of LECs was significantly increased in the 60,90,120 and 150 mJ/cm2 ultraviolet irradiation groups (q =17.02,-25.20,-29.41,-8.61,P ＜ 0.01).The expression of the GRIM-19 protein in the LECs suspension was enhanced by ultraviolet irradiation at 60,90,120 and 150 mJ/cm2.The relative expression of the GRIM-19 protein (GRIM-19/β-actin) was significantly different among the various groups (F=6.87,P＜0.05),and the GRIM-19/β-actin values in the 60,90,120,150 mJ/cm2 ultraviolet irradiation groups were elevated in comparison with the un-irradiated group(2.01±0.76,2.98± 1.80,3.97± 1.61,2.42± 1.28 vs.0.56±0.23),which showed statistically significant differences (q =4.12,-5.04,-7.09,-3.85,P ＜ 0.01).In addition,a positive correlation was seen between the rate of apoptosis and the expression of the GRIM-19 protein(r=0.71,P＜0.01).Conclusions GRIM-19 is expressed in normal human LECs.The apoptosis of human LECs accompanies the up-regulation of GRIM-19.The expression of GRIM-19 in LECs increases with ultraviolet irradiation in a doseindependent manner.

Background Epithelial-myofibroblast transition (EMT) of human lens epithelial cells (LECs) induced by transforming growth factor-β2 (TGF-β2) is the main mechanism in the pathogenesis of posterior capsular opacification(PCO).Seeking an effective drug capable of inhibiting this process is important for the prevention and treatment of PCO.Objective The purpose of this study was to investigate the inhibitory effect of rapamycin (RAPA)on the proliferation of human LECs and TGF-β2-induced EMT.Methods Human LEC strain(SRA01/04)was cultured in DMEM with high glucose and 10％ fetal bovine serum.The cells were consequently cultured in serumfree DMEM with 5 mg/L TGF-β2,TGF-β2+10 mg/L RAPA,TGF-β2 + 100 mg/L RAPA,TGF-β2 + 1000 mg/L RAPA or TGF-β2 +10 000 mg/L RAPA for 72 hours,and SRA01/04 cultured in serum-free DMEM were used as control.The proliferation rate(A490)of SRA01/04 in the different groups was detected using the MTT assay and the rate of inhibition of RAPA was calculated.The expressions of the α-smooth muscle actin(α-SMA) and E-cadherin(E-cad)mRNA and protein were detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blot,respectively.The changes in the expression of α-SMA and E-cad in SRA01/04 were evaluated by Western blot 24,48 and 72 hours after TGF-β2 +400 mg/L RAPA treatment.Results The A490 value of SRA01/04 was 0.680±0.020,0.550±0.013,0.480±0.014,0.400±0.011 and 0.200±0.019 in the control group,TGF-β2 group,TGF-β2 + 10 mg/LRAPA group,TGF-β2 + 100 mg/L RAPA group,TGF-β2 + 1000 mg/L RAPA and TGF-β2 + 10 000 mg/L RAPA group,respectively,showing a gradually declining trend in SRA01/04 rate of proliferation with increasing RAPA concentrations (F =101.920,P =0.000).RT-PCR and Western blot assay showed that the relative expression levels of α-SMA mRNA (α-SMA mRNA/β-actin mRNA)and protein (α-SMA/β-actin)in the cells were significantly increased in the TGF-β2 treatment group.However,with exposure to RAPA,the relative expression levels of α-SMA mRNA and protein were significantly lowered with increasing RAPA concentrations,but the expression levels of E-cad mRNA and protein were raised (α-SMA mRNA:F =294.660,P =0.000 ; α-SMA protein:F =346.950,P =0.000 ; E-cad mRNA:F =264.250,P =0.000 ; E-cad protein:F =317.327,P =0.000).In addition,after exposure to 400 mg/L RAPA,the expression levels of α-SMA protein gradually reduced and those of E-cad protein gradually increased with increasing treatment durations,showing significant differences among the different time points (α-SMA:F =693.864,P =0.000 ;E-cad:F=369.286,P =0.000).Conclusions RAPA can inhibit the proliferation of SRA01/04 in vitro and arrest EMT of SRA01/04 induced by TGF-β2 in a dose-and time-dependent manner.

AlM: To investigate expressions of matrix metalloproteinase-2 ( MMP-2 ) and extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer ( EMMPRlN) in retinoblastoma (Rb) and the relationships between MMP-2, EMMPRlN and tumor development.METHODS:lmmunohistochemical technique was used to detect expressions of MMP-2 and EMMPRlN in 39 cases of paraffin embedded Rb samples. Quantitative analysis of expressions of MMP-2 and EMMPRlN were assessed by measuring the mean gray scale of Rb tissue with LElCA lM50 Color Pathologic Analysis System. The differences of expressions of MMP-2 and EMMPRlN in each clinical and pathological stage were statistically analyzed, and the same step was also undertaken to study the relationship between Rb with MMP-2 positive expression and that with EMMPRlN positive expression.RESULTS:The positive expression rate of MMP-2 was 90% (Gray value: 109. 64 ± 14. 52; 35/39), and that of EMMPRlN was 85% (Gray value:108. 01±13. 60;33/39). The expressions of MMP - 2 and EMMPRlN were significantly higher in tumors of glaucomatous stage (Gray value:108. 21±11. 47 and 107. 56±14. 32) than those in intraocular stage ( Gray value: 121. 13 ± 11. 32 and 119. 34 ± 12. 66; P<0. 01 and P<0. 05). And the same conclusion can be concluded between those in extraocular stage (Gray value: 91. 03 ± 11. 71 and 92. 26 ± 12. 93) with those in glaucomatous stage (P<0. 01 and P<0. 05). The expressions of MMP-2 and EMMPRlN were significantly higher in tumors with optic nerve invasion (Gray value:103. 89±13. 39 and 105. 23±14. 00) than those without optic nerve invasion ( Gray value: 118. 39 ± 15. 11 and 117. 53±16. 13) (P<0. 01 and P<0. 05).CONCLUSlON:The positive expression levels of MMP-2 and EMMPRlN may correlate with tumor infiltration and metastasis.

Objective To investigate the level and influencing factors of falls efficacy among older patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) .Methods A total of 218 older patients with T2DM were investigated by the modified falls efficacy scale(MFES) and Morse Fall Scale (MFS) ,questionnaire and observation were both used .Results The average score of falls efficacy was 8 .15 ± 2 .91 .The scores were lowest in the items of walking up and down stairs and going to bed and getting out of bed ,and highest were in the items of dressing and sitting down and standing up from a chair .The multivariate linear regression analysis showed that dura‐tion of diabetes ,diabetic complications and fall history were the main factors influencing their falls efficacy .Conclusion Falls in eld‐erly T2DM patients were in the medium level ,and it′s closely related with duration of diabetes ,its complications and fall history .

DNA Fingerprinting ; DNA, Mitochondrial ; Homicide ; Humans ; Mitochondria

Objective To evaluate the risk factors of massive blood loss in resection of giant liver hemangioma.Method The clinical data of 141 patients who underwent giant liver hemangioma resection were retrospectively studied.These data included general physical condition,laboratory tests,radiologic findings,and various surgical parameters.The patients were divided into the massive blood loss group (＞ 1 000 ml,n =27) and the minor blood loss group (≤1 000 ml,n =114).Logistic regression was performed to determine the risk factors of intraoperative massive blood loss.Results The average diameter of the liver hemangioma was significantly greater in the massive blood loss group than that in the minor blood loss group [(21.7 ± 8.5) cm vs.(14.1 ± 5.3) cm,P ＜ 0.05].The incidences of preoperative leukopenia,anemia,thrombocytopenia and prolonged prothrombin time were higher in the massive blood loss group than that in the minor blood loss group (48.1％ vs.16.7％,37.0％ vs.11.4％,25.9％ vs.3.5％,22.2％ vs.3.5％,respectively,all P ＜ 0.05).Hepatic hemangioma with compressed hepatic veins,inferior vena cava and porta hepatis were more frequently found in the massive blood loss group than in the minor blood group (55.6％ vs.14.9％,44.4％ vs.14.0％,55.6％ vs.12.3％,respectively,all P＜0.05).Logistic regression analysis demonstrated a diameter of hemangioma greater than 15 cm was a risk factor of intraoperative massive blood loss during surgical resection.Conclusions Giant hepatic hemangioma may cause disorders in the hematological and coagulation systems.Compression of major hepatic vessels raised technical difficulty and risks in surgery.Hemangioma with a diameter greater than 15 cm was recognized as a high-risk factor of intraoperative massive blood loss.

Objective To analyze the differences between benign and potential malignant small pancreatic cystic lesions.Methods We retrospectively analyzed the clinical and pathological data of asymptomatic patients with pancreatic small cystic lesions and divided them into benign group (including serous cystic neoplasms,lymphoepithelial cyst and pseudocyst) and potential malignant group (including mucinous cystic neoplasms,intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms and solid pseudopapillary neoplasms).Comparison of clinical data was made between the two groups.Results 46 patients with pathological results were included (22 cases in benign group and 24 cases in potential malignant group).No difference was detected on demographic data and lab results between the two groups.Compared with benign patients,patients in the potential malignant group were more likely to show thicken wall (P =0.000),mural nodule (P =0.000),solid constituents inside the cyst (P =0.001),wall enhancement (P =0.003) and uneven wall on CT scan (P =0.024).The diagnostic sensitivity,specificity and accuracy of the combination of above mentioned CT features for potential malignant diseases were 91.7％,77.3％ and 84.8％,respectively.Conclusions Pancreatic cystic lesions with thicken wall,mural nodule,wall enhancement,solid parts inside the cyst and uneven wall on CT were more likely of potential malignant entities.