Objective To investigate the role of Akt signal pathway on the expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 ( MCP-1 ) and nuclear transcription factor-κB (NF-κB) in renal tubular epithelial cells (HK-2) stimulated by albumin and to explore the mechanisms of action. Method The HK-2 cells were incubated in the presence of albumin (5,15,30 mg/mL) with or without Ly294002 (an inhibitor of Akt). Expression of mRNA was analyzed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).Expression of Akt and protein MCP-1 were assessed by Western blot. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) was used to detect the activation of NF-κB. q-test was used to evaluate the differences in means between groups. Results Compared with control group, the expression of MCP-1 mRNA remarkly increased. [Control group: 0.233 ±0.01; BSA(5 mg/mL) group: 0.285 ±0.04; BSA( 15 mg/mL) group:0.387 ± 0.02; BSA ( 30 mg/mL) group: 0.473 ± 0.05; BSA ( 30 mg/mL) + Ly294002 group: 0. 325 ±0.05, P ＜ 0.05 ]. The expression of MCP-1 protein in renal interstitum of operation group were remarkly increased too. [ Control group: 100 ± 15.1; BSA ( 5 mg/mL) group: 148 ± 19.3; BSA ( 15 mg/mL) group: 176±20.7; BSA(30 mg/mL) group: 263 ± 18.1; BSA(30 mg/mL) + Ly294002 group: 175 ± 18.0, P ＜0.05 ]. Albumin stimulated the expression of MCP-1mRNA and protein in a dose-dependent manner. Albumin remarkably increased the activity of NF-κB. Albumin enhanced the expression of Akt. Ly294002 inhibited albumin-induced the expression of NF-κB and partially decreased the level of MCP-1. Apositive correlation was noted between NF-κB activation and MCP-1 expression( r = 0.68 ,P ＜ 0.01 ). Conclusions Albumin-induces MCP-1 and NF-κB production via Akt signal pathway in renal tubular epithelial cells.

0.05), the leukopenia rates 78.13%(25/32)vs 50.00%(17/34)(P

Objective To study protective immunity effects of co-immunization with P30 DNA vaccine and protein vaccine. Methods Forty-eight 5-6 weeks old BALB/c female mice were divided into four groups (A,B,C,D), 12 mice of each group. In group A (control group) each mouse was immunized with 100 ?g pcDNA3.1 plasmid DNA by intramuscular (i.m.) for three times at week 0,2 and 4; in group B (P30 protein group) each mouse was immunized (i.m.) with 50 ?g rP30+50 ?g CFA for three times at week 0, 2 and 4; in group C (pcDNA3.1-P30 group) each mouse was immunized with 100 ?g pcDNA3.1-P30 plasmid DNA (i.m.) for three times at week 0, 2 and 4; in group D (P30 DNA+rP30 co-immunization group) each mouse was immunized with 100 ?g pcDNA3.1-P30 plasmid DNA (i.m.) for two times at week 0, 2 and immunized by subcutaneous with 50 ?g rP30+50 ?g CFA at week 4. Each mouse was infected with 100 tachyzoites of Toxoplasma gondii RH strain four weeks later after last immunization. The anti-P30 antibodies were detected with ELISA before the challenge. Results The P30 DNA vaccine was successfully constructed. High titers of anti-P30 antibodies were induced in each mouse immunized with DNA vaccine. The protective trial proved that there was no significant difference between control group and experimental group though the survival time of mouse from experimental group had been prolonged. Conclusion The P30 DNA vaccine could induced high titers of anti- P30 antibodies in immunized mice, and it may be a potential DNA vaccine candidate.

Objective To explore the effect of cutaneous never anastomosis on sensory recovery in repairing wide spreadly soft tissue defects in dorsal hand with free anterolateral femoral flap. Methods The cases with wide spreadly soft tissue defects in dorsal hand repaired with free anterolateral femoral flap from January 2006 to December 2012 were divided into 2 groups. The control group including 15 consecutive patients from January 2006 to January 2009, whose sensation was reconstructed in routine way. Other 15 consecutive patients from Febnary 2009 to December 2012 were as research group, whose sensation was reconstructed with the suture of cutaneous nevers of anterolateral femoral flaps and forearm. All the patients were followed up for 12~24 months. Results All the free flaps survived in both groups. There were 4 cases good of sensory recovery in the control group, and it was 11 in the research group. No ulceration happened. Conclusion Cutaneous never anastomosis may result in satisfactory sensory function in the patients with wide spreadly soft tissue descts in dorsal hand repaired with free anterolateral femoral flap.

Objective To analyze the prevalence,risk factors of kidney disease in type 2 diabetic patients with KDIGO classification of chronic kidney disease,also to study cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and death in these patients,so as to investigate the significance of the KDIGO classification system.Methods One thousand six hundred and forty-five type 2 diabetic patients who were in hospitalization from June 2008 to December 2012 were grouped according to the KDIGO classification of chronic kidney disease and the incidence of vascular disease was analyzed based on the classification.Clinical features were compared between patients with or without kidney disease.The risk factors of kidney disease and the death of diabetic patients were also investigated.Results There were 915 male and 730 female,aged a median (57.86±12.54) years with (6.35±6.30) years duration of diabetes mellitus among the 1645 cases,and 37.2％ of patients had concomitant kidney disease.According to the classi fi cation of CKD,patients in CKD group 3a,group 3b and CKD group 4-5 accounted for 5.7％,3.5％ and 7.6％,while 33.4％ of patients had proteinuria,among which 19.5％ with microalbuminuria,13.5％ with macroalbuminuria.On complications,patients with hypertension accounted for 49.5％,hyperlipidemia 67.7％,diabetic retinopathy 27.4％,cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases 18.5％ (coronary artery disease 16.5％,cerebrovascular diseases 8.8％).Statistical difference was detected in the incidence of diabetic retinopathy,coronary artery disease and cerebrovascular diseases between CKD group 3a and 3b (P ＜ 0.05).The duration of diabetes,concomitant hypertention especially with elevated systolic blood pressure,diabetic retinopathy and hyperuricemia were the independent risk factors for type 2 diabetic patients with kidney disease.Age,Scr,complicating cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and advanced CKD stage were the independent risk factors for the death of type 2 diabetic patients with kidney disease.Conclusion KDIGO classification of chronic kidney disease enables better staging of kidney diseases in diabetic patients for management and prognosis.Diabetic patients have a higher prevalence of renal diseases and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events than the general population.Early control of factors such as blood pressure and serum uric acid can delay the progression of kidney disease,and the predictive role of diabetic retinopathy should be emphasized.

Objective To investigate the efficacy and safety of leflunomide as induction and mainten-ance therapy for class Ⅴ lupus nephritis. Methods Sixteen patients with lupus nephritis (of which, three proven with Ⅴ +Ⅲ, six with Ⅴ+Ⅳ ), proven by renal biopsies, were included in this study. ALL patients rec-eived LEF plus prednisone treatment. For induction therapy, all patients were given an initial loading dose of LEF 60 mg daily for three days, followed by 20 mg daily for the whole induction treatment period. Prednisone was given starting from 0.8 mg per kilogram daily, then tapered four weeks later. After twenty-four weeks, the dosages of LEF and prednisone were 10 mg/d, 5～10 mg/d respectively during maintenance therapy. We asses-sed total remission rates in the end of twenty-four weeks, as well as the changes of system lupus erythematosus disease activity index (SLEDAI), urinary protein per twenty-four hours (24 h Upr), serum albumin, serum creatinine level, complement C3, complement C4, C reactive protein, serum titer of ANA and anti-dsDNA be-fore treatment, 12 weeks, 24 weeks and 48 weeks after treatment respectively. Meanwhile, seven patients received repeated renal biopsies after completing induction therapy, so we compared pathological activity index (AI) and chroniciry index (CI) between pre-therapy and post-therapy at the same time. T and t' test were selected. Results Sixteen patients were followed-up. After 24 weeks induction therapy, the total remission rate was 75.0%; SLEDAI was significantly lower than pre-therapy [(15.4±3.5) vs (6.9±1.7), P<0.05]; 24 h Upr was also significantly lower than pre-therapy [(5.8±2.2) g vs (l.3±0.5) g, P<0.01 ]. Unfortunately, all seven patients performed repeated renal biopsies with class Ⅴ lupus nephritis again histologically, of which two were transformed other cater-ofies. Comparing with that of pre-therapy, AI was improved after therapy [(2.4±0.9) vs (1.7±0.8), P<0.05]. However, CI indicated no difference. Adverse events including major infection occurred in four patients. The adverse events happened at the 12 th week after treatment. Conclusion The efficacy of LEF plus corticoster-oids as induction and maintenance therapy for class Ⅴ lupus nephritis is remarkable and the tolerance of patients is good.

?AlM: To observe the effect of Qingguang'an on elastic fiber, MMP-7, TlMP-1 in scarring area of filtration canal after glaucoma surgery through the four Qingguang'an effective groups and Qingguang'an granules, to discuss and compare their mechanism of action on scarring area of filtration canal.?METHODS:Four effective components of Qingguang'an were used in groups D, E, F, G and H after glaucoma surgery, compared with group A ( blank ) , group B (model) and group C ( MMC) to observe the effect of elastic fiber, MMP-7, TlMP-1 in scarring filtration canal.?RESULTS:Compared with the preoperative basic lOP and 2d , 1, 2, 4wk postoperative lOP of groups C, E and H, the lOP of three group rose up slower than other groups, and kept the lowest data at 28d. There was significant difference compared with the rest of A, B, D, F, G groups (P<0. 05). The area and density of elastic fiber in surgery group were significantly different with that of black control group ( P<0. 05 ), but there were no statistical differences between groups C and H, groups C and F, groups H and E (P>0. 05). The difference was statistically significant among other groups (P<0. 01).?CONCLUSlON:The scarring area of filtration canal after glaucoma surgery is the major reason which lead to the failure of surgery. Qingguang'an effective group 2, Qingguang'an granules and MMC could reduced the scar tissue by restrained the elastic fiber, TlMP - 1 and increased the MMP-7. By observing the experimental results that both Qingguang'an effective group 2 and Qingguang'an granules could restrained the scarring area of filtration canal, the effects were unbiased, Qingguang'an granules group is better than effective group 2.

Objective:To analyze the relationship between hepatitis B virus(HBV)gene mutation at 1896 in precore region with genotype and replication of HBV and the liver function of patients.Methods:HBV precore 1896 site mutation,the genotype of HBV and serum content of HBV DNA were determined by PCR in 60 patients positive of HBV DNA.Chemiluminescence miacropaticle immunoassay(CMIA)was used for detection of serum HBeAg and HBeAb.Liver function parameters were ob- tained by routine biochemistry method.Results:The alanine aminotransferase(ALT)level in HBV with 1896 site mutation was significantly higher than that in the wildtype virus.Site mutation at 1896 had no correlation with HBeAg,HBV genotype and HBV DNA content.HBV DNA content in patient with genotype C was significantly higher than that with genotype B(P

Thrombus is a major factor leading to cardiovascular diseases such as myocardial infarction and stroke. Although fibrinolytic anti-thrombotic drugs have been widely used in clinical practice, they are still limited by narrow therapeutic windows, short half-lives, susceptibility to inactivation, and abnormal bleeding caused by non-targeting. Therefore, it is crucial to effectively deliver thrombolytic agents to the site of thrombus with minimal adverse effects. Based on the long blood circulation and excellent drug-loading properties of human serum albumin (HSA), we employed genetic engineering techniques to insert a functional peptide (P-selectin binding peptide, PBP) which can target the thrombus site to the N-terminus of HSA. The fusion protein was expressed using Pichia pastoris and purified by Ni-chelating affinity chromatography. After being loaded with gold nanoparticles (Au NPs), the fusion protein formed homogeneous and stable nanoparticles (named as PBP-HSA@Au) with a diameter of 17.7 ± 1.0 nm and a zeta potential of -11.3 ± 0.2 mV. Cytotoxicity and hemolysis tests demonstrated the superb biocompatibility of PBP-HSA@Au. Platelet-targeting experiments confirmed the thrombus-targeting ability conferred by the introduction of PBP into PBP-HSA@Au. Upon near-infrared ray (NIR) irradiation, PBP-HSA@Au rapidly converted light energy into heat, thereby disrupting fibrinogen and exhibiting outstanding thrombolytic efficacy. The designed HSA fusion protein delivery system provides a precise, rapid, and drug-free treatment strategy for thrombus therapy. This system is characterized by its simple design, high biocompatibility, and strong clinical applicability. All animal experiments involved in this study were carried out under the protocols approved by the Animal Experiment Ethics Committee of Jiangnan University [JN. No20230915S0301015(423)].

Objective:To investigate the influencing factors for early recurrence after curative pancreaticoduodenectomy of pancreatic head cancer.Methods:The retrospective case-control study was conducted. The clinicopathological data of 104 patients with pancreatic head cancer who underwent radical resection in Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center from May 2014 to May 2015 were collected. There were 62 males and 42 females, aged (61±10)years. Patients underwent carative pancreaticoduodenectomy. Observation indicators: (1) surgical situations; (2) follow-up; (3) influencing factors for early recurrence after curative pancreaticoduodenectomy of pancreatic head cancer. Follow-up was conducted using telephone interview to detect recurrence of patients up to postoperative 1 year. Measurement data with normal distribution were represented as Mean±SD. Count data were described as absolutes numbers, and comparison between groups was analyzed using the chi-square test. Multivariate analysis was analyzed using the Logistic regression model. Results:(1) Surgical situations: 104 patients underwent curative pancreaticoduodenec-tomy successfully. The volume of intraoperative blood loss was (474±280)mL and the number of lymph node dissection was 21±10. (2) Follow-up: 104 patients received postoperative follow-up, 44 of whom had early recurrence. Of the 44 patients with early recurrence, 42 cases had intraperitoneal recurrence including 23 cases with liver metastasis, 7 cases with metastasis in surgical site, 7 cases with retroperitoneal lymph node metastasis, 5 cases with omentum metastasis, 2 cases had extraperitoneal recurrence including 1 case with pleural metastasis and 1 case with pulmonary metastasis. (3) Influencing factors for early recurrence after curative pancreaticoduodenectomy of pancreatic head cancer: results of univariate analysis showed levels of preoperative CA19-9, levels of postoperative CA19-9, the number of lymph node dissection were related factors for early recurrence after curative pancreaticoduodenectomy of pancreatic head cancer ( χ2=5.833, 9.276, 4.261, P<0.05). Results of multivariate analysis showed that postoperative CA19-9 >37 U/mL was an independent risk factor for early recurrence after curative pancreaticoduodenectomy of pancreatic head cancer ( odd ratio=3.599,95% confidence interval as 1.551-8.347, P<0.05). Conclusion:Postoperative CA19-9>37 U/mL is an independent risk factor for early recurrence after curative pancreaticoduodenectomy of pancreatic head cancer.